Smart Moves Journal IJELLH (International Journal of English language, literature in humanities)
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Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises: An Image of Optimism and Light
Get PDFErnest Heminway was interested in the delineation of characters as well as different facets of man’s life through the characters of the novels. Hemingway’s first novel, The Sun Also Rises is about ups and down of man’s life. The novel gives an image of emptiness and futility of life. As the novel progresses, Hemingway presents a light picture of man’s life in the heavy odds of life. Hemingway tries to assert the fact that there is always light after darkness and joy after sorrow. This research paper is a sincere effort to justify Hemingway’s philosophy of optimism and light
Bankim’s Use of Familiar Patriarchal Tropes/Frameworks in Rajmohan’s Wife to Define and Re-Define Womanhood
Get PDFThe present paper aims to look at the concept of womanhood as defined and revised upon by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay, in his debut novel, and, incidentally, the first Indian novel, written in English language, known as Rajmohan’s Wife. Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay is the great Indian novelist, and, poet, who has given a new dimension to the genre of Bengali novel. In this present novel, he has tried to show the Bengali woman trying to come out of the conservative, conventional patriarchal ethos, and, slowly trying to make a room/space of her own. And, this, by not abandoning/rejecting patriarchy outrightly, but by staying very much within the patriarchal zone, and, yet asserting her individuality/personality.
 
Mohja Kahf\u27s E-Mails to Scheherazad: A Riposte to the Parochial Perspectives of Identity
Get PDFIdentity is a sense of self compiled by an individual\u27s constant negotiations with personal, communal, and national histories with continually shifting conjunctions and disjunctions, with socio-politico-cultural acceptances and rejections and invariably with others\u27 perception of their self. It\u27s a Sisyphean task to address identity as it involves an incessant process of deconstructing and re-constructing the signifying variables that answer the question \u27Who Am I?\u27 The situation is more complex for the diasporas as their conflict is twofold. They have to contest with both the sides of their hyphenated identity.
The Arab-American women writers are progressively and effectively contradicting the dogmatic and chauvinistic mindsets (both within and without the community) that are perpetually stifling their sense of dignity and identity. One such effort is made by Mohja Kahf through her jolting yet emotive poetry which is a counterstroke to all those who are trying to confine her existence in rigid patriarchal and racial enclosures. Kahf\u27s E‑Mails from Scheherazad is a collection of powerful enunciations that shatter the dual stereotypes of race and gender. The paper is an endeavour to analyse how Kahf\u27s poems challenges and pulverizes the rigid gendered bigotries? What are the complexities inherent in constructing an Arab-American identity? And how do Arab Muslim women negotiate their sense of self that is caught in a flux of belonging and non-belonging in a foreign land? The paper seeks to answer these questions by analysing the ways in which Kahf uses elements of storytelling in her poetry and makes her work celebrate the quintessential fabric of Arab womanhood
The Psychological Transitions in the Character Portrayal of E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India
Get PDFA passage to India, of E.M. Forster, sheds light on the psychological journey of the main characters (Mrs. Moore, Mrs. Adela Quested, Dr. Aziz) who are connected to the incident of the Marabar caves. E. M. Foster has given the readers the opportunities to analyze and discuss the novel from various angles. Having the context in India and characters from the Britain, this text can be analyzed from different perspectives including colonial studies, political perspective, physical and mental passage of British people to India, cultural conflict, religious conflict, racism and so on. And all these issues along with Marabar Caves do create some impacts on the characters in different times as the storyline gets developed in the novel. The experience of the Marabar caves affected the minds of the characters and a great deal of transformation is observed among them. This paper highlights how the story of Dr. Aziz changes with the incoming of Adela and Mrs. Moore as well as how the deflection that occurs in the Marabar Caves incident transits these character’s life into a new diverse vision. This paper also focuses how the journey of the characters switches into a new mode of realization; find a new identity, new philosophy of life through the transitions.
 
Re-viewing Portfolio Writing from a Metacognitive Perspective
Get PDFPortfolio writing, a pedagogic construct of the late 20th century, which can be viewed as one of the latest branchings of the mainstream writing research, can also be considered as an offshoot of the ‘paradigm shift’ (Thomas Kuhn,1962) from the long prevailing product approach to an emerging process approach. Theory, research and classroom practice, all had been confined to the written products; and ‘the writer’ was more or less neglected. The process approach brought to the forefront, the psyche of the writer by giving equal importance to the psycho-cognitive processes underlying the activity. The term ‘activity’ has been used here in the sense that writing is a higher order mental activity. Portfolio writing, moving one step further, reveals not only the writer’s ability at composing in the present, but consolidates the schema of the past, as well as forecasts the writing potentials of future, too. This paper tries to validate, how simultaneously the process and the product together result in the learning outcome, in the context of assessing writing performance
Action Research: An Ethno-methodological Perspective
Get PDFAction Research is a tool for professional development which gained considerable momentum in language teaching domain. Effective and meaningful professional development programmes involve teachers in the constant process of learning about their practices, discovering and using their own potential. The strategies employed in action research are found to be one of the best options that can engage teachers in meaningful self-improvement. It is a discovery process in which the teacher investigates the issue on focus, carries out and implements some actions in the classroom. Just in opposite direction of the traditional practice of ‘from theory to practice’, action research moves ‘from practice to theorizing’. Reflection which is the essence of the philosophy at work behind, action research has a crucial role in improving the learning process and enhancing professional development. Reflection involves cognition, critical thinking, evaluation and problem solving. Action research continuously prompts these processes.
This article attempts to project how action research functions as a two-pronged phenomenon: (i) a pedagogic tool, whose impact will explicitly be felt on the learner, and (ii) as a means of continuous professional development, which leaves an implicit but, long-lasting change in the teacher. It is also pointed out in the paper, how action research can alter the physical and mental environment of learning and teaching through an ethno-methodological functioning-the teacher and the learners living in the same environment and getting immersed in the same experience.
 
Man’s Helplessness Against Destiny in Ernest Hemingway’s The Oldman and The Sea
Get PDFErnest Hemingway, an American writer, produced considerable novels in the history of English literature. Hemingway’s The Oldman and the Sea is a story of an old man\u27s struggle and his helplessness against destiny. Like Greek tragedians, Hemingway accepts the harshness of destiny in man’s life. It is very well said “Man proposes and God disposes" that denotes the role of destiny in man\u27s life. The story of The Oldman and the Sea is universal because it reveals how human beings struggle to get something in life but sometimes crushed under the wheels of destiny. The old man has an indomitable spirit and sea experience yet he is unable to catch the fish for a few days. One day, he caught the big fish called the Marlin but it was too big for him to drag to the shore. The Old man tried to drag the Marlin to the shore but in a midway, its blood attracted the Sharks and he brought only its skeleton on the shore. So Hemingway talks about the helplessness of man against destiny through the character of an old man. This paper is a sincere effort to display man\u27s helplessness against destiny through the character of an old man.
Ernest Miller Hemingway is known as Ernest Hemingway in English literature, was an American journalist, novelist, short story writer and sportsman. Hemingway wrote seven novels during his lifetime and among them, the popular novels are The Sun Also Rises, Farewell to Arms, and The Old man and the Sea. The Old man and the Sea brought him a good name and fame in literature. Hemingway’s works mainly deal with the themes of love, war, wilderness, and loss. Farewell to Arms deals with the theme of the futility of war. In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway says, "The world breaks everyone and afterwards many are strong in broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry.” (en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest _ Hemingway) It seems that there is always conflict between good and evil in this world but some people remain strong in broken places. The greater power called destiny crushes everyone under its wheels impartially. In this connection, Omar Khayyam writes
Maya Angelou’s Growing Up Poor, Black and Female
Get PDFAfrican American literature is the literature of pain and survival, of triumphs and defeats, of fears and dreams, and of struggle for freedom, equality and identity, produced by the oppressed ones. Black women have used life writing to discover or assert their identity. As they record their experiences they see the critical paths established by the oppressive forces of racism, classicism and sexism. In exploring what it means to be poor, black and female, they present mirror images of ‘self’ and the ‘other’ to the world. Within the marginalized blacks in America, women are at triple disadvantage. Being poor, black and female makes them most vulnerable and easy target for the male dominated community. Maya Angelou’s life writing I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969) tells the story about a black female’s hard life growing up in the American South during the 1930s and 40s. In it Angelou recounts the events of her life in chronological order amidst the racist and sexist American society. She portrays most of her difficult life events from the age of three to sixteen in her life writing showing her hard upbringing, poverty, racism and sexual abuse
Self- Liberation Vs Self- Renunciation in Hedda Gabler
Get PDFHenrik Ibsen, by using Hedda as the heroine or anti-heroine of the play Hedda Gabler, was clearly attacking a culture which stifled women’s potential and fostered the feelings of entrapment and desperation that Hedda experiences. For all her flaws, the character of Hedda Gabler serves as a potent reminder of the individual’s complex relationship to society and how we today reconcile our own needs with the roles and responsibilities expected of us. In following Hedda’s psychological descent throughout the play, Ibsen was plainly criticizing the lack of acceptable life choices and opportunities for women in nineteenth-century society. The purpose of my research paper is to justify Hedda’s act of suicide as an act of self-liberation vs self-renunciation. Her downfall is ultimately her own doing-she makes the mistake of marrying George for the wrong reasons but she is also a heavily flawed character who unsuccessfully manipulates people in an attempt to negotiate her own weakness. She chooses death not because of any insight she has gained from her mistakes but because she cannot face the consequences of her action. Thus, Hedda’s death is tragic because it is an act of self-renunciation: she is free spirit who cannot be tamed by conventional society
Women In and Women Out: An Analysis of Spaces and Relationships in Anita Desai’s Select Short Stories
Get PDFThe theme of representation of women in the domestic and public arena is the quintessence of Anita Desai’s writings. This paper endeavours to focus on her two short stories, ‘The Domestic Maid’ and ‘The Rooftop Dwellers’, and analyses how the author presents the agonies and sufferings of women in both domestic and public space. Though the stories revolve around the lives of two women, it also shed light on the lives of other women, whose lives become hues of protagonists’ lives. ‘The Domestic Maid’ is the story of village woman Geeta, who takes up a job of a domestic worker in the city to meet both ends of her family’s needs. Her conversation with her co-worker Chaaya, reveals her agonies and sufferings in life. ‘The Rooftop Dwellers’ presents the life of Moyna, who works in a literary journal and her desire for freedom and a space for her own. Moyna does not want herself to be chained in the norms and mores of the society, and the story portrays how difficult it is for a woman to find ‘her own room’ in a patriarchal society. The study sheds lights on the play of power and women’s constant desire for a free space of their own. The stories also delineate the theme of domestic and public violence. The former presents the issue of domestic violence, and the latter offers the idea of public violence against women