Smart Moves Journal IJELLH (International Journal of English language, literature in humanities)
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Position of Wh-Words in Kipsigis Wh-Questions
Get PDFThe wh-parameter determines whether the wh-expression can be fronted or not. Studies on a number of languages among them English, Shona, Kiitharaka and Chinese have revealed that different languages use different ways to form wh-questions. This paper examines the positions a wh-phrase can occupy in Kipsigis, a southern Nilotic language. A descriptive research design was adopted and a structure generation exercise was used to elicit data from ten competent native speakers of Kipsigis. Data was analysed within the context of the minimalist program developed by Chomsky. The analysis revealed that Kipsigis wh-words can be found in their canonical position, a position termed in-situ. The wh-words can also be moved to the front of the matrix clause. This movement is triggered by a strong focus feature manifested by a focus marker which is always attached to the verb. The wh-words can undergo partial wh-movement where the wh-phrase moves to a position lower than its relevant position. The study also established that adjuncts remain in-situ except for the wh-phrase ‘why’ which can be fronted in addition to being found in-situ. This study contributes towards the understanding of universal and parametric linguistic features in syntactic theory
“Hope Lies in the Proles”: Tell-tale Notes of Warning in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty Four
Get PDFAn exaggeration of the political climate of the day, the futuristic Nineteen Eighty-Four manifests an abundance of Orwell’s genius of framing a political world of rare excellence, and gives the impression of being written to frighten people into a distasteful recognition of the dangers of the present and future. In it, Orwell exemplifies a world where man’s identity is not only lost but laboriously erased to cripple his sense of individuality, and implicitly directs us to the realization that under such paralysing conditions, the only promise of hope lies not in the hands of the power holders and their pawns, but in the everyman, the working-class citizen or the prole- who by their design and partly his own, continues to live unconscious of such oppression and willingly cooperates with his oppressor. The impetus to work on the topic, ‘The Hope is in the Proles: Tell-tale Notes of Warning in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty Four’ came from an arresting realization of the ugly truth captured in the pages of the novel that explores themes of totalitarianism, penetrative state control, mass surveillance, mutability of the past, role of language in sustaining a people, man’s degradation to a mere automaton and the potential power of the working class.
The purpose of this research is to: first, substantiate the hope that Orwell as well as his protagonist Winston claims, lies in the proles, and second, highlight the alarm-raising notes of warning that layer the writing. By analyzing the details of Winston’s journey and his fall in principles, the aim is to cast a look at the dystopia as Orwell’s attempt to chronicle a future the writer didn’t want the world to see come true
A Comparitive Study of Magical Realism in One Hundred Years of Solitude and the Legends of Khasak
Get PDF Macondo like Malgudi, a fictional town created by the Latin American novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez in his magnum opus One Hundred Years of Solitude with its cosmic spirituality and surreal characters lies deep-hearted in the minds of literary lovers all over the world. But far away from Colombian hills and miles apart from its vast seas lies Vijayan’s Khasak. A fine work of magical realism which changed the trajectory of Malayalam novel that got lost in translation like many other great works of Malayalam literature. This paper attempts to critically analyze both these novels in their socio-cultural and post-colonial perspectives and how they contribute to the genre of magical realism
Information and Communication Technology in Education: Innovations Methods in 21st Century
Get PDFICT is emerging as a big stimulating force and there is urgent need to integrate ICT with education because of several opportunities. In view of ICT, education can be classified in four main categories. Emerging challenges for ICT use are related to infrastructure, teacher, capacity-building, technical support, language and content. Cloud computing, e-learning, M-learning, Web 2.0, Simulation are newer examples of way of technologies that can be made integral part of educational institutions at a mass level.
“Technology is the non linear tool for accelerated economic growth, and the foundation for the sustained development of the nation.”
APJ Abdul Kalam, 201
Dystopian Vision in Ian McEwan’s Enduring Love
Get PDFThis paper argues that the novel Enduring Love projects a dystopian vision through the portrayal of failed and embittered lives of major characters. The novel is about the characters’ futile search for utopian life. Joe, through scientific rationalization, Clarissa through literary imagination and love, Jed through religious belief want to live a fulfilling and blissful life but fail due to various reasons related to misplaced values and beliefs or the social realities. None of the ways they adopt, leads them to the fulfillment of utopian ideals. Success through science, religion, or imagination is just a chimera that causes people to hallucinate. The narrative of enduring love interweaves subverted utopian lives of the characters from different fields of life thereby dramatizing the idea that life is dystopian and people’s attempt to live an ideal life is only a mirage. This paper analyzes the novel Enduring Love with the help of ideas about utopia and dystopia borrowed from writers like Krishan Kumar, R. Carter, Robert C. Elliot, and others
Meaning and Meaning Making in Arabic: Moving from Semantics to Pragmatics to Ka:rmatics
Get PDFKa:rmik Linguistic theory is one of the most revolutionary theories in linguistics which aims to describe language from a causal perspective of WHY giving rise to WHAT through HOW: “As you are, so you think; as you think, so you speak (or act)” (Bhuvaneswar). In an adapted form, it can be modified as: As you are, so you think; as you think, so you mean. In his extension of semantics to ka:rmatics in dealing with proverb-meaning, Bhuvaneswar (2012) has shown a new dimension of meaning and meaning-making, namely, the causal dimension of creation, change, and transformation of meaning in language. According to Bhuvaneswar, if semantics deals with sentence meaning and pragmatics with utterance meaning, ka:rmatics (i.e., experiential pragmatics) explores experiential meaning via dispositional meaning of contextual meaning (pragmatics) of sentential meaning (semantics). What this amounts to is a causal understanding of meaning as it is created, changed, and transformed as languages are evolved and developed: Language is as it is (i.e., lingual meaning is as it is) because of what it is (dispositionally) intended to do (i.e., to mean) what it does (i.e., means).
In this paper, an attempt has been made by selecting two sentences used in real life Yemeni Arabic to show how meaning is derived. In the process, it will be shown how semantics becomes pragmatics and pragmatics becomes ka:rmatics
The Palace of Illusions-Voice of a Disillusioned Woman
Get PDFDiaspora writing is a recent trend in literature. Many writers especially women writers excel in this field. These diasporic writers though they live in a foreign land always hold their love in their writings. India is a land of myth and legends and hence many Indian writers borrow their plot from Hindu mythology which is used as a literary device. Many writers of the independence and post-independence era used mythology to spread nationalism and to guide humanity in the right path. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a diasporic writer who always holds a piece of her love for motherland in her writings. She extensively uses Hindu mythology in her works. She uses these myths to instill courage in her woman protagonists. She tries to prove how myths guide the immigrant women to overcome their conflicts in life. Her novels explain how myths instruct the humanity to lead a righteous life
The Color of Class: The Color Purple through a Marxist Feminist Lens
Get PDFThe paper revolves around the interplay of gender, race and sexuality under the canopy of Capitalism in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. By evoking Walker’s subtle exploration of the nexus between patriarchy, race and capitalism, the paper aims to dwell on these complementary forces that operate elliptically, furthering and constructing the concentric circles of Marxism and Feminism. In addition, the analysis extends the Marxist (feminist) notion of simply instituting a relationship between women’s uncompensated labor with GDP computation to a more nuanced study of hetero-patriarchal structures of hegemony. Furthermore, the paper looks at the visual dimensions, the color of the exquisite purple flowers that Shug describes to Celie, blossom all through in Spielberg’s 1985 adaptation of the movie, justifying the title not only for the characters but for the onlookers alike
Continuity and Change: A Socio-Cultural Study of select Tamil Short Stories Translated in English
Get PDFAny society and every society is a continuation of the past, but a range of continuity is maintained even in the midst of change coming into the same society from time to time. This is how the identity of a society is maintained over a period of time. Even otherwise some continuity is essential because human nature is immutable. The notions of ascribed status, hierarchy, ritual purity and impurity have been the basic ingredients of Tamil social structure. These have been attacked from time to time by social and religious reform movements, secularization process and host of others. But the system seems to have a remarkable resilience. It yields some ground but returns again. For instance, when caste is sought to be dislodged from the religious (ritual) domain, it enters into the political process and caste consciousness comes back with a vengeance through urbanization. In the face of scientific temper, religiosity and ritualism also increased and a substantial segment of the modern educated class shows latent and sometime overt acceptance of the religious phenomenon sometimes steeped in irrationality and superstition. The joint family norms instead of fading away in the face of urbanization and industrialization may still be retained by adapting to the process of democratization and acceptance of dissent. The joint family today is more democratic and the traditional autocratic authority head of the joint family has become a thing of the past. All these examples point to the past.
Another dimension of continuity in Tamil society may be explained through the continuity of Traditions. Even among the modern, educated urban people, during sickness in the family, a modern physician visits the patient in the morning. Tamilnadu’s village is the puja for the tractor bought by a farmer, invoking the blessings of the local deity, performing aarti and applying pottu to the tractor, a product of modern technology. Not only the continuity between the Traditions and also in everything, even two different Traditions may go together or get fused into one another. Praying in a temple in nor unusual or mutually contradictory. It does not dilute their beliefs. It tells us that there is something inherent in Tamil tradition which facilitates the cultural continuity. “Kameshwara iyer had offered a lot of dowry and gifts at the wedding. Rukmani’s in-laws were very satisfied. After the marriage, her mother in law would often take Rukmani away to her house” (“Peepul by the Tank” P.7 )
In the story of peepul by the tank by va ve su iyer portrayed marriage ceremony and dowry system. Still it is exist in our society.
 
Women Predicament in \u27A Journey on Bare Feet\u27 by Dalip Kaur Tiwana
No full textThe autobiographical impulse and act is central to woman\u27s writing in India. The range of Indian women\u27s writing generates an unending discourse on personalities, woman\u27s emotions and ways of life. In a way, it presents the socio-cultural state in India from a woman\u27s stance. It affords a peep into Indian feminism too. Besides giving a historical perspective, it throws ample light on woman\u27s psychic landscape. It takes us to the deepest emotions of a woman\u27s inner being. The varied aspects of woman\u27s personality find expression in the female autobiographical literature. We find that a deeper study of women’s autobiographies unravel the hidden recesses of feminine psyche of Indian society. Whatsoever the position of women maybe, behind every social stigma, there is woman, either in the role of mother-in-law, sister‑in‑law or wife. The women writers with sharp linguistic, cultural and geographical environment represented the problems and painful stories of Indian women from 19th century until date. However, they have not shared the contemporary time of the history, the problems of patriarchal society, treatment women, broken marriages and the identity crises for the women remained similar. Women writers have also been presenting woman as the centre of concern in their novels. Women oppression, exploitation, sob for liberation are the common themes in their fiction.
Dalip Kaur Tiwana is one of the most distinguished Punjabi novelists, who writes about rural and innocent women’s physical, psychological and emotional sufferings in a patriarchal society. As a woman, she feels women’s sufferings, problems, barricades in the path of progress as well as the unrecognized capabilities in her. Dalip Kaur Tiwana has observed Indian male dominated society very closely and has much understanding of social and ugly marginalization of women. She can be considered a social reformer as she is concerned with human conditions and devises for the betterment of women\u27s condition in Indian Punjabi families. This paper focuses on the theme of feminist landscape. It presents the miserable plight of women characters. She has come across since her childhood. Women, who felt marginalized, alienated, isolated and detached in their lives, but were helpless as no law was there in her time to punish the outlaws. Dalip Kaur Tiwana beautifully portrays the landscape of her mind. The paper shows how Dalip Kaur Tiwana presents the unfortunate image of her mother, grandmother aunts and some other obscure women who were unable to mete out justice during their life time