Smart Moves Journal IJELLH (International Journal of English language, literature in humanities)
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Rabindranath Tagore’s Philosophy of Spiritual Humanism and the Problems of Women Presented in the Novel ‘Nexus’ (Yogayog, 1929)
Get PDFSpiritual humanism means thinking about the progress of human beings in all fields - social, cultural, political or economical and advocates that science and philosophy, art and literature, or anything that human beings have achieved by logical thinking and idealistic thoughts must aim at the well-being of humanity. Its principal aim is to achieve human freedom, cheerful life with development and prosperity without any kind of discrimination among human beings. Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet, dramatist, novelist, short-story writer, musician, painter, educationist, social reformer, philosopher, spiritualist and a critic of life and literature. He wrote about the problems of women in most of his works – whether it is a poem, novel, play or a short- story. Rabindranath Tagore’s novel ‘Nexus’(Yogayog,1929) is an important story of a married woman Kumudini’s struggle for freedom against the brutality of her cruel husband, Madhusudan. Here, Tagore’s evolving attitude towards the role of a married woman, Kumudini and her rebellious thoughts towards the domination of her husband are clearly presented in this novel. Rabindranath Tagore believed that the solution for all the problems of society lies in spreading the message of non-violence, truth, peace, love, and wisdom, which brings happiness among human beings. The present paper is an effort to investigate the major problems of married women of the nineteenth century Bengali society and the importance of Rabindranath Tagore’s philosophy of spiritual humanism in the emancipation of women, which made Tagore a multitalented novelist, writer and personality
Displacement and Narrative: The Desert as a Diasporic Space of Existence in the Goat Days by Benyamin
Get PDFEmerson in his essay ‘Experience’ brings forth the idea of the cosmological relation between the universe and the human being. What we perceive as truth is not the reality because it exists in space and it is not an absolute entity. But Life – from minute particles, sub atoms, plants, animals, humans – creates the environment and the universe. Universe is the complete spatio -temporal logic of the individual self. Thus from the mist to man-made things we try to understand and give meaning to ourselves and to the world around us
Sustainable Development of E-Learning Ecosystems: Higher Education in India Post-COVID-19
Get PDFSustainable Development of E-Learning Ecosystems: Higher Education in India Post-COVID-1
Changing Contours of Nature: An Ecocritical Exploration of the Select Poems of Nissim Ezekiel and Stephen Spender
Get PDFIn an age where digital, virtual and augmented reality discourses are on an upsurge, the need to call for an environmental discourse is of paramount importance. Environmental literature or Eco literature stresses on the establishment of a strong bond between human and his or her immediate environment. A scrutiny of the works by eminent poets both East and West discloses the changing contours of nature. The changing landscapes, the extinction of flora and fauna, the diminishing relationship between humans and nonhumans are vividly and exquisitely rendered better by exuberant poets than any other creators. As a theoretical approach, ecocriticism grew out of the traditional approach in literature that addresses how humans relate to the nonhuman world or the environment in literature. In order to highlight the ecological transformation that has taken place from the past to the present, from the rural to the urban and from the local to global the present study has taken for analysis the select poems of the distinguished Indian poet Nissim Ezekiel and the renowned British poet Stephen Spender. Further, the select poems of Nissim Ezekiel and Stephen Spender are examined from an ecocritical lens
Lamentation as a Tool of Subversion and Empowerment: A Study of Mahaswetha Devi’s “Rudali”
Get PDFOne half of humanity is often referred to as the weaker sex owing to the categorization of certain traits of theirs as “weaknesses”, but these traits eventually turn out to be the tools for women’s empowerment. This paper attempts to analyse the empowering and subverting role of lamentation in Mahaswetha Devi’s “Rudali” where the act of mourning could be seen in different levels of meaning; lamentation as an agency for subverting the oppressor, the material prosperity gained by the mourners and the emergence of the Rudalis in deciding the prestige of the rich. The patriarchal notion regarding the sensitive nature of women categorize them as ‘mourners’ who wins through their ‘tears’ and “Rudali” reinstates this fact but in a new light. The protagonist Sanichari evolves into a strong and empowered woman who learns the commodification of grief and her lamentation destroys the hegemonic and oppressive rule of the exploiter. The ability to cry is transformed into a tool of subversion. Thereby mourning and the mourners become a threatening factor for the oppressors as it becomes a display of mockery. The grief that crept into the life of the oppressed through the oppressors is eventually transformed in to a mourning of jubilation, subversion and empowerment by the end of the narrative
Folklore as Tradition, Heritage and Profession
Get PDFFolklore as a field of study and academic discipline was first recognized following the works of Johann Gottfried Herder in 1770s. The works of Herder, his collection of \u27folktales\u27 from German speaking regions is considered the base for later folklore collections, such as those done by the Brothers Grimm and Charles Perrault. Although the discipline of folklore is now well established in various institutions across the Americas, Europe and Africa and Asia. This paper tries to understand folklore in relation with the concepts such as Tradition, Heritage and Profession. How folklore in this fast changing world represents the heritage, tradition, and profession of a community? Can folklore and its performance be appreciated for its inherent economic potential as a profession? The paper, through certain examples and observation, will try to understand the significance of these concepts and attempt to answer such questions
Towards the New Paradigm of Existence, Human to Posthuman: Reflections on Subash Chandran’s A Preface to Man.
Get PDFThe term “Posthumanism” is a contemporary theoretical term put forward by researchers with disciplinary backgrounds in philosophy, science and technology and literary studies, for these groups, Posthumanism designates a series of breaks with foundational assumptions of modern Western culture. It claims to offer a new epistemology that is not anthropocentric and therefore not centred in Cartesian dualism. It seeks to undermine the traditional boundaries between the human, the animal, and the technological. The postmodern theorist Ihab Hassan coined the term and offered a seminal definition in an article entitled "Prometheus as Performer: Towards a Posthumanist Culture?". As its name suggests, a defining characteristic of Posthumanism is its rejection of the values held on top by the traditional Western Humanism. In the words of Rosi Braidotti, “From Protagoras’ assertion that it is “the measure of all things”, to Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man, the privileging of the human instils a set of “mental, discursive and spiritual values” (13). This notion comes to form the basis for political policies of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe. Man is understood as an “intrinsically moral” being, functioning as a kind of vessel for perfect rationality and reason. Armed with these tools, man is capable of a limitless expansion toward his own perfection, and entitled to claim, as his own, whatever objects or others he encounters along the way. This privileging of man as the centre of everything is what Posthumanism aims to attack. Hassan says that posthuman does not mean the literal end of man but the end of an image of man shaped by Descartes, Thomas More and Erasmus. Braidotti in her book The Posthuman outlines that with the rise of ideologies like Fascism and Communism, Humanism started its ascending in the 1960s and 70s. Both these former ideologies represent a significant break from European Humanism: Fascism promoted a “ruthless” departure from the Enlightenment reverence for human reason, while Communism advocated a “communitarian notion of humanist solidarity” (17)
Exploring Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Assessment in Beninese Secondary Schools
Get PDFThere are limited resources available as far as pre-service EFL teachers’ views regarding assessment are concerned. Therefore, this study is set out to explore Beninese pre-service EFL teachers’ perspectives on the issue. In this line, 120 pre-service teachers were randomly selected from the 18th promotion of the BAPES/CAPES programme at the Teacher Training School of Porto-Novo (Ecole Normale Supérieure de Porto-Novo). The semi-structured interviews conducted with groups of ten participants were recorded and transcribed using Voice Notes 3.56 (free) set on a TECNO-W3 android cellphone. The data collected demonstrated that there is a gap between assessment theories and practices. Therefore, there is a necessity for all actors involved to work in order to redress the value accorded to assessment and the inherent grades in the Beninese society
Plight of Daksha: Identity Crisis and Communal Violence in Final Solutions
Get PDFMahesh Dattani is one among India’s avant garde dramatists. He worked as an actor, director, playwright, dancer and screenplay writer. He is one of the most serious contemporary playwrights writing in English. He is a master of language. He can express what he wants to say in any language. Throughout his dramas, he acts like a spokesman for all the marginalized people. His popular play ‘Final Solutions’ deals with the theme of communal hatred and violence. Exploring the issues of religion, hindu-muslim conflict, gender bias, generation thinking gap, Dattani seems to show the inner conflict inside each character in Play. Among all these characters, we sympathizes with Hardika the most. Her dear ‘Diary’ makes the things clear and we learn that she has witnessed this communal hatred for long time
Variations and Changes in Language Acqisition in Children
Get PDFChildren acquire language spontaneously without being explicitly taught how. Their mastery of sounds passes through stages determined by a progression from unmarked to more marked sounds, unmarked ones also being those most commonly found in languages and least likely to erode over time, as discovered by founding linguist Roman Jakobson. Their mastery of other aspects of grammar proceeds along with their ability to master rules, rather than simply memorize.
It was once thought that children learned to speak simply by imitating adults: They hear adults saying words, and then they pick up words. However, modern linguists have found that it is something apparently innate to the species, and thus it proceeds according to basic aspects of linguistic structure.
Most children start producing words from a time between the age eight and twelve months. Many children have ten words in their vocabulary at the age of fifteen months. They gradually pick up speed from that point onwards. An eighteen month old child may learn only one or two new words a day; whereas a four year old will acquire a dozen. Children do not just master a basket of words and expressions. There’s something more constrained and systematic going on. Words are just empty shells. There is no point in learning a new word if they don’t learn its meaning. Children are remarkably good at this too. They are able to learn a word’s meaning at the first time they hear it used. For instance; a child sees a cow running in a field and hear his/her mother say “cow” the child typically will figure out the right way that the word refers to the animal; not to its colour, or to its legs or to the fact that its running