Smart Moves Journal IJELLH (International Journal of English language, literature in humanities)
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Native Culture and Gender Politics in Nagaland: A Study of Easterine Iralu a Terrible Matriarchy
Get PDFThe paper aims at examining Easterine Kire Iralu’s novel A Terrible Matriarchy (2007) from feminist point of view. The novel A Terrible Matriarchy is the coming-of-age story of a young girl, Dielieno. The narrative explores the suffering of innocent Dielieno and her confrontation with the traditional Angami society to which she belongs to. In the ethnic world of Nagaland, both patriarchal and matriarchal control co-exists but it also has a strong Tantric tradition from time immemorial. For various reasons the status of women in the northeast has not been different from the women in the mainstream of India. Easterine Iralu through her girl protagonist Dielieno depicts the severe gender discrimination where the grandmother neglected Lieno to the worst extent, always caring and preferring the boys. The grandmother\u27s matriarchal hegemony makes Lieno revolt silently. The various aspects of women\u27s marginal status and native culture have been analyzed in the paper
Racial Identity in Post-Apartheid South Africa: J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace
Get PDFJ.M. Coetzee is a South African novelist, critic and an active translator of Dutch and Afrikaans literature. His novels are conspicuous for their well- crafted composition, pregnant dialogues and analytical brilliance. Coetzee’s earlier novels question the apartheid regime, while his later works offer an apocalyptic vision of post- apartheid South Africa. His major works include Disgrace, Waiting for the Barbarians, Life and Times of Michael K, Boyhood, Age of Iron and The Childhood of Jesus. In 1999, Coetzee has been the recipient of numerous awards throughout his career, although he has a reputation for avoiding award ceremonies. Coetzee became the first author to be twice awarded the Booker Prize, winning it as second time for Disgrace which portrays the post-apartheid society. Coetzee went on to win the Nobel Prize for literature in 2003 for his entire body of works. During the years of apartheid, he was at the forefront of the anti-apartheid movement among writers. Scholar Isadore Dalia labelled J.M Coetzee as one of the most distinguished white writers with an anti-apartheid sentiment. Coetzee’s earlier novels question the apartheid regime, while his later works offer an apocalyptic vision of post- apartheid South Africa. Disgrace can be analyzed as a representative work of the new south Africa where the social problems relating binary oppositions such as black- white, white- immigrant, powerless- powerful, are stressed. This paper attempts to show through the protagonist, David Lurie, that the way to adapt to the changes in the country is to make a fresh start, a way to adapt to the new times, where no ideas of the old are retained. Frantz Fanon’s concepts within the field of post colonialism which he articulated in Black Skin, White Masks (1967) and The Wretched of the Earth (1963) have much relevance in Disgrace. The objective of this paper is to stretch his new ideas in a new direction by applying his theories on nation and culture onto a white subject Lurie, a white native South African. In the light of Fanon’s text, The Wretched of the Earth it can be argued that following the revolutionary political changes in South Africa in 1994, the former colonizer can be seen in the same way as the colonized usually is: a powerless native, regardless of racial identity
An Evaluative Study of the Educational Philosophy and Contribution of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Get PDFSir Syed Ahmed Khan was one of the most resplendent personalities of the 19th century. Altogether a theologian, scholar, social reformer, educationist he was a rare combination of Muslim talents in India. He was an intellectual giant who stood for dynamic movements of society. He molded the destiny of the nation and established the supremacy of India in many matters - worldly and spiritual, liberty of conscience and freedom of expression, hard work and struggle to make up the way. He had his own educational philosophy and a dream to establish an institution which could impart western education on oriental lines. This dream was actualized by establishing the Aligarh Muslim University
A Literary Inquiry into Disability, Trauma and Narrative Strategies in Lisa Genova’s Novels
Get PDFThe reaisltic illustration of central characters suffering from rare and severe neurological sicknesses in Lisa Genova’s novels provide an ideal prospect to study trauma in pathography novels, a subset of science fiction. However, despite its scope, these genres of novels have received little consideration in American literary trauma studies. This paper will present a new analysis of trauma in relationship to the ‘neuro’genre, followed by an analysis of narrative and literary devices employed by the author to illustrate traumatic episodes in her novels. Through this case study and critical reflection of how the author has engaged trauma in the novels supports strengthening literary trauma theory within trauma literature and the genre also. The writing of traumatic experiences of the victims, transformed identity, stigmas, fears and phobias and providing face to the sufferer doomed fate, offers an opportunity for a neuroscientist turned novelist like Lisa Genova to advocate about the neurological sicknesses and its suffering with enriched empathetic experience to the non-scientific societies. It also provides a balanced realistic narrative platform for the reader to reflect on their own uncertainties, brought on by the representation of such fictional characterization. This literary research analysis will provide scope to science fiction authors, particularly those aiming to engage with medicine and literature, for a more accurate depiction of trauma in their work. It will further broaden the scope of research in phenomenology, narrative and genre theories and criticism in literary studies. 
Tom Jones : A Subaltern Critique
Get PDFHenry Feilding’s Tom Jones offers a picture of English society during the imperial times through a thought-provoking scrutiny of the marginalised voices and indirectly subverts the imperial authority of oppression. Fielding’s defining work which notably laid the foundation of the English novel has often been implored for nuances of morality and sin.
This research paper explores the novel as a prelude to the postmodern subaltern voice against the dominion of the social and economically elite through the emancipatory empowerment of the roguish foundling hero of the picaresque tradition: Tom Jones. The paper seeks to establish the relevance of Tom Jones for the readers of the so- called Third World, as it offers a glimpse into the subaltern aspects of identity of the coloniser. In this context, this paper evaluates the narrative of Fielding’s Tom Jones with reference to two key concerns: exposition of the oppressive power structure and revelation of marginalised oppressed
Humor or Black Humor? The Use of Humor and Irony in The Financial Expert
Get PDFK. Narayan was one of the pioneers of Indo Anglian fiction along with Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao. Their heydays were marked by complicated social issues such as India’s struggle for Independence and the more stressful period afterwards. Among the three, many consider R. K. Narayan as the most realistic in fiction considering Indian settings. The Financial Expert is again considered as Narayan’s masterpiece by many. It’s a well-constructed novel in five parts. The story is focused on three main aspects relating to the central character of Margayya. They are; Margayya’s determination to acquire wealth, his love for his own son Balu and his relationship with his brother and sister in law. It is at times mesmerizing to analyze Narayan’s use of humor and irony in crafting the fate of a normal middle class individual
Unravelling the Queer Space: Understanding Sexuality through the Works of Janice Pariat
Get PDFThe project entitled “Unravelling the queer space: Understanding sexuality through the works of Janice Pariat” to examine the elements of sexual being from a queer perspective. There is always a politics that happens within the space of one’s sexual and spiritual prominence. Thereby, a binary construction always happens and a stereotypical connotation happens for the same. Homosexuality is always subjected to suppression and non-normative within the society that upholds homophobia, heteronormativity and hetero-centrism. These are the results of the culturally imposed norms on the society. Understanding the deviance that happens in one’s sexuality is an important area of concern. Talking about these aspects free from bias and prejudice is the freedom that can be gained. Society always has a violent approach towards people who deviate from the accepted norms leading to marginalization. One of the important factors that sideline with this idea is the impact of religion on an individual. Spiritual space and belief system are induced right from the childhood. Religious texts clearly define sexualities that deviate from the expected norms as abnormal or a taboo. The study is to break down the binary existence of one’s sexual and spiritual space and how the deviance in sexualities pave way to attain a new spiritual growth
Queer Ecologies – Research Paper [May 2021]: The Portrayal of Queerness in Malayalam Films
Get PDFThe term “Queer” mainly refers to anything which pertains to sexual behavior, identity or personality which does not conform to the conventional social or heterosexual norms, and assumptions. Being queer was and still is seen as an abnormality by multitudes in the society. Although it has been more than two years since the decriminalization of homosexuality in India, there are still plenty of societies which ill-treat, ostracize and look down upon the LGBTQ communities. The state of Kerala, having the highest literacy rate amongst all the other states in India, also happens to be one of the states which still look at queerness as an illness and an abnormality, which has to be dealt with and ‘cured’ through counseling and medication. However, in the midst of all these preconceived notions and social injustices against the LGBTQ communities, ‘Films’ stand as a strong medium of communication and a voice for the LGBTQ communities who are seen as ‘nobodies’ in our society. Films that have a theme of queerness tend to stand out from the cliché themes such as [heterosexual] love, patriarchy, hegemony, crime, and so on. The focus of this research paper is narrowed down to Malayalam films which stand as a solid foundation in order to show the portrayal of queerness and this is incorporated through a research question. Malayalam films aren’t just a source of entertainment, but it is also an emotion and an important part of life to the people of Kerala. The portrayal of queerness in Malayalam films have taken a bold stand, with exemplary performances in films like Randu Penkuttikal (1978), Deshadanakkili Karayarilla (1986), Chanthupottu (2005), Njaan Marykutty (2018), Moothon (2019) and more. This research paper throws light upon the various ways in which Malayalam films depict the theme of queerness, which is further carried out by a strong message with regard to the ill-treatment of the LGBTQ communities, the harsh realities and injustices faced by these sexual minorities who live a life filled with difficulties and hardships as they struggle to get a well paid job in a our stereotypical society, that labels them off as a bunch of “misfits.
The Myth of Resurrection: Reimagining Mahabali through the Semiotics of Select Folk Songs
Get PDFWritten history, being the vehicle of dominant or hegemonic culture, often neglects sub cultural art forms whereas oral or folk culture acts as a reservoir of residual cultural practices. When written history is narrated, unwritten history is sung or performed. The importance of regional folk songs in delineating the subtleties of a particular culture can never be overlooked. Folk songs carry the emotions of the era as well as their associated sociocultural practices.
Mahabali is the central mythical hero of a very prominent traditional festival of Kerala- Onam. Conceptual pluralities in the history of onam festival stand in the way of explaining onam in a unidimensional fashion. Yet, the popular myth goes like this- Mahabali (affectionately called by people as \u27Maveli\u27), the benevolent asura king rules his land in abundance, peace and prosperity, with no instances of theft or murder.
Jealous of King Mahabali\u27s popularity and his power, the Gods conspired to end his reign. They sent Lord Vishnu to earth in the form of a dwarf Brahmin (Vamanan) who trampled Mahabali to the netherworld. But Lord Vishnu granted the king\u27s sole wish i.e. to visit his land and people once every year. This visit is celebrated as onam festival in the Malayalam month of Chingam .
The just and noble Mahabali in the myth is not just a symbol of peace and prosperity, but a true image of resurrection from oppression, as the history of Kerala would like to tell. Myths and folklore depicts the hope of a generation. This paper tries to probe into the intricacies of the Mahabali myth through select Malayalam folk songs, to bring out the essence of that hope
Errors in Second Language Acquisition and their Types
Get PDFThe present paper draws attention of ESL/EFL teachers towards errors in second language acquisition and the differences between lapses, mistakes and errors. The focus is on some errors in use and what they convey. A hierarchical classification of types of errors is attempted, stating the common sources of errors. When learners speak or write, they invariably form patterns of errors regarding particular concepts. The teacher should look for such patterns and then correct the assignment. Red-marking the same mistake several times will not only demoralize the learner but will also prove tedious for the teacher/examiner. Errors are essentially viewed as an evidence for the ongoing learning process and in no case they should be brushed off as something undesirable. Errors are crucial aspects of language learning and seriously indicate the positive flux of the learning process. Errors play an imperative role in the learning process. They have to be taken seriously not only by the language learner but also the ESL/EFL teacher. They signify that the learning process is still going on and the learner is making progress on the Interlanguage continuum. He is achieving closer and closer approximation to the L2 system. The teacher has to intervene at various points and facilitate the learner in achieving his goal