Smart Moves Journal IJELLH (International Journal of English language, literature in humanities)
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A Critical Exploration of the Ideals of Marxist Approach in the Poetic Works of Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Kaifi Azmi
Get PDFThis paper aims to objectify Marxist tendencies in the poetry of Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi, the illustrious, revolutionary poets of the post-imperial era who have dedicated their art to resist against anarchy, tyranny, capitalism and misrule, and to create an utopian society where peace and equality would prevail. The paper is an endeavor to show how Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi were influenced by Marxist ideology and how they wanted the world to be a better place. However, these poets belonged to different social, political and cultural contexts. These poets have projected their Marxist utopian vision in reaction to capitalist hegemony in their respective social order. The sufferings and resistance of the oppressed were depicted by them. This paper also discusses the influence of Marxism on Romantic literary attitude and how these poets dropped their romantic approach for resistance
Translations and Literary Exchanges between Kerala and Middle-East
Get PDFKerala has historically played an important role in the wide network of Indian ocean trade. Recent archaeological excavations brought forth tangible evidence of kerala’s trade linkage with gulf region from the first century AD. These journey led to the development of diasporic communities of Arabs in various parts of kerala, especially in Malabar. Ibnu Batuta, a 14th century Arab traveller was the first writer to give detailed description of the settlements of Arab from gulf region in various parts of Kerala. The keralopatti chronicles on the history of evolution of kerala narrates a story of two brothers from muscut in Malabar. Cheraman Perumal, the king of kerala, who became first known convert to Islam and he travelled to Mecca and finally settled in Oman. In 1960, gulf states began requiring large-scaled semi skilled and unskilled labour in order to cater their fast growing oil based economies. Which resulted in illegal migrations to gulf region. This first wave migrants had numerous stories about the narrow escapes they experienced during the journey. The reason for migration from kerala were two kind. Some of them migsrated due to socio-economic reason, and others encouraged by personal ambition and aspirations. The continues contact between Kerala and Middle East brought many changes in both languages, culture and Arts. These are very significant in re-conceptualise the history of gulf and Kerala.
Migrant narratives reveal a great deal of emotional conflict that has been associated with departure from kerala and a sense of alienation in a foreign land. It can be founded on the film and literature. Malayalam film naadodikaatu portrays old way of travelling to gulf, Pathemaary, Arabi kadha, and Gaddama deal with diasporic theme. In literature, Aadujeevitham by Benyamin gained a wide readership. His jasmindays won JCB prize. Marubhoomiyude atmakatha is a travelogue by V Musafar Ahammad won Sahitya Academy Award in 2010. Babu Baradwaj’s pravasiyude kurippukal translated as notes of an expat is the memoir of a man in exile. P Manikandhan’s malayaliyude swanthanweshanangal was winner of NV Krishna Warrier Award for best critical work. Deepak unnikrishnan\u27s temporary people is an another important work. Many more works were translated to Arabic such as Chemeen, Shabdikunna Kalappa, Oru Sangeerthanam pole, Nilavu, Kaalam, Balyakala sakhi are among them
Quest for Identity: A look into Arundhati Roy’s God of Small Things and Shashi Deshpande’s Roots and Shadows
Get PDFThe paper discusses the identity crisis faced by the women living in different strata of the society. At times, women are pushed out of the main circle and are forced to remain unrepresented and unheard. Though literature has discussed such issues from time to time, it’s still a matter of concern. Here, the paper presents the identity crisis faced by the women in Arundathi Roy’s God of Small Things and Shashi Deshpande’s Roots and Shadows and the struggle that they had undergone
Manifestation of Pessimism in Toni Morrison’s Select Works: Beloved, The Bluest Eye and Jazz
Get PDFToni Morrison’s works are elevated voice of Afro-American culture. As Afro-American has been bearing the burden of past history, slavery, race, gender and identity crisis issues in society, Toni Morrison herself forced to speak about them in their works. She herself is the part of historic past events like racism and identity crisis issues and that’s why her mind is more into the pain which they suffered. Toni Morrison is more focused on pessimism to show the reality and harsh truth of society, which reflected through her characters. No doubt Toni Morrison was loud to raise the problematic issues strongly but her appeal to wove her characters is tend to their circumstances, how they tortured and suffered through their whole life and it continues generation to generation. The clear aim of Morrison is to make aware today’s generation about Afro-American society its history about the injustice. So that they can be aware of their rights and able to fight for own
Rushdie’s Shalimar the Clown a Postcolonial Representation of the Past India
Get PDFSalman Rushdie is one of the most important postcolonial writers in English literature. Through his literary contributions, he ushers in a new era of postcolonial literature. Rushdie is a world-renowned novelist whose outstanding works have garnered him accolades, thrills, and controversy throughout his illustrious career. Several Indian authors, including Amitav Ghose and Rohinton Mistry, have been greatly influenced by his unquestionable creativity. As one of the world’s most controversial and provocative contemporary novelists, Salman Rushdie stands out. Postcolonial and postmodern writers like Gabriel Garca Márquez, Günther Grass, Milan Kundera, and Jorge Luis Borges were considered to be among his contemporaries during the 1980s and 1990s. Allegory, multiculturalism, magic realism and other postcolonial techniques are used in Rushdie’s works to create alternative views of the colonial situation in a postcolonial context
Representation of Women Characters in Preethi Shenoy’s ‘It’s All in the Planets’
Get PDF \u27It’s all in the Planets\u27 is a charismatic love story written by Preethi Shenoy. It was published in September 2016. The author of the novel, Preethi Shenoy is an Indian author, Speaker and famous blogger. In this paper, I am analysing this novel from the perspective of feminism, especially how the author presented her female characters. Feminism originated as an offshoot of the women\u27s suffrage movement. The major feminist theorist is Toril Moi, Simone de Beauvoir, Elaine Showalter etc. It is a movement against men’s ideologies and society’s certain representations. Their main concern was the representations of women in literature. Traditionally females are represented in literature as passive characters. Though the feminists broke all such representations, our literary works do not completely get rid of such representations. Many of the authors still present women as passive in their works. In this novel too there are such representations. Superficially it is a love story between two persons who are living in two different worlds. They have their tastes, opinions and attitudes. Even they have two life partners (living relationships). But ultimately fate joins them
Everything you Touch, You Change Including God: Experiences of Bulter
Get PDFThis study aims to highlight how Octavia Butler\u27s life influenced her writing "Parable of the Sower." Characterization, storyline, and other aspects of the novel are all very intimately tied to Butler\u27s life. Butler and Lauren were both raised in traditional Baptist homes, and they have both always been captivated by the psychological effects of religion. Butler had the opportunity to explore cultural and racial variety while growing up in the ethnically mixed Pasadena neighbourhood. Butler drew on her historical reading and background to create the fictitious worlds. What Butler predicted for the future is more important than ever today. She saw a world that was poised to come to an end. She encountered a Black woman prophet who understood that absolutely nothing is predetermined and that we have the power to shape events and change their trajectory. It encourages us to let go of the conventions that can push us towards a disastrous future and to embrace our greatest strength—the capacity for change. She offers a vision of a humanist future where metaphysical spirituality is possible without the need for a conventional, all-powerful Supreme deity. She created imaginary worlds like the one we live in, but she also gave each of us the inspiration to follow our own goals and face our apprehension about the unknown while being brave and creative. The Earth seed aphorism serves as a constant reminder that "Everything you touch, You Change...
Between Home and Displacement: A Study of Diasporic Identity in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland
Get PDFJhumpa Lahiri stands out as one of the prominent voices in South Asian diaspora literature. As a second-generation immigrant, she skilfully portrays diasporic themes in her works. This paper examines the themes of dislocation and identity formation in Lahiri\u27s renowned novel The Lowland through a diasporic lens. The novel intricately explores the intersection of the political and the personal, spanning nearly fifty years of Indian and American history through the lives of a single family. Set against the backdrop of post-independence political turmoil in Kolkata, the narrative weaves together the past and present, offering a nuanced portrayal of displacement. By analysing the lives of the two brothers, Udayan and Subhash, and the impact of their divergent paths—one rooted in radical politics and the other in the American diaspora, this study explores how physical, emotional, and cultural displacement shapes both individual and collective identities. Additionally, it delves into the dilemmas and conflicts faced by Gauri, as a woman living far from her homeland, and the complexities of her daughter’s life as a second-generation immigrant. Through a diasporic framework, the paper investigates the psychological and personal impacts of transnational relocation and identity formation, focusing on the fragmentation and identity crises often experienced within the diaspora. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the diasporic experience as depicted in Lahiri\u27s work, shedding light on the complexities of identity in a globalized world. It highlights the characters\u27 struggles with memory, belonging, and heritage, illustrating how displacement not only challenges but also reshapes personal and cultural identities
Cross-Cultural Human Relationships in Sunetra Gupta’s So Good in Black
Get PDFSunetra Gupta who is an Indian immigrant living in England and working in Oxford University as a Professor of Zoology has written five novels. Her fifth novel, So Good in Black published in 2011 celebrates globalization and the free passage to western countries for Indians and for the westerners to India. Human relationship is the main crux of postmodern writings and Gupta also brings out the cross-cultural human relationship in So Good in Black with much details. At the backdrop of Kolkata, India, Gupta colourfully draws the human relationship especially man-woman relationship in this novel. As the values of life are at stake due to the materialistic advancement in the modern world, Gupta highlights the fact that human relationship always lies in dark and it is good to keep it in black. The characters namely Byron Mallick, Max Gate, Damini and Ela suffer as they from relationship with themselves and with others who are their kith and kin. The women characters namely, Damini, Ela and Barbara become victims in the hands of Byron and Max, as they try to form relationship among them. The cultural values of India and the West is comparatively discussed by the author in this novel to bring out the very nature of Indian woman like Ela who gives importance to Indian culture and prefers it though she experiences cross-cultural human relationship.  
Special Connections Between Strangers: Viewing Chitra Divakaruni’s Fiction Through a Maternal Lens
Get PDFIndian American writer Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has an enviable body of work. She has covered a range of themes, including the search for identity and heritage, immigration, mother-daughter dynamics, domestic abuse, palace intrigues, the impact of 9/11, mother-love, and the bonds between sisters. Through a nuanced exploration of the dynamics between strangers,she brings to the fore possibilities of love, cooperation, and emotionally sustaining interactions. The special connections have a soothing effect and, at times, a subversive edge. They can challenge hetero-normative conventions: two Indian immigrants discover the happiness promised by lesbian love. They can disregard the law: a young Indian woman develops an instant and irrepressible attachment for a lost child, whom she takes in without the knowledge of the authorities. They can counteract the forces of hate: a yoga practitioner stabilises an artist disturbed by 9/11 and its aftermath. The connections chosen for this analysis have a distinct maternal component, i.e., they involve holding, protection, nurturance, and what Sara Ruddick calls “attentive love”. Through an application of Ruddick’s concept of “maternal thinking”, I will examine and explicate the rationality of care that informs the interactions between strangers in Divakaruni’s fiction. After a broad engagement with Divakaruni’s oeuvre, this paper will take a deep dive into the short story “A Perfect Life” (1995) and the novel Queen of Dreams(2004). By forging unique connections between her characters, Divakaruni broadens the scope of what is possible. She also reveals the different ways in which the maternal can manifest itself