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Thrap3 promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing AMPK-mediated autophagy
No full textAutophagy functions in cellular quality control and metabolic regulation. Dysregulation of autophagy is one of the major pathogenic factors contributing to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Autophagy is involved in the breakdown of intracellular lipids and the maintenance of healthy mitochondria in NAFLD. However, the mechanisms underlying autophagy dysregulation in NAFLD remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the hepatic expression level of Thrap3 was significantly increased in NAFLD conditions. Liver-specific Thrap3 knockout improved lipid accumulation and metabolic properties in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD model. Furthermore, Thrap3 deficiency enhanced autophagy and mitochondrial function. Interestingly, Thrap3 knockout increased the cytosolic translocation of AMPK from the nucleus and enhanced its activation through physical interaction. The translocation of AMPK was regulated by direct binding with AMPK and the C-terminal domain of Thrap3. Our results indicate a role for Thrap3 in NAFLD progression and suggest that Thrap3 is a potential target for NAFLD treatment
Three-dimensionally semi-ordered macroporous air electrodes for metal???oxygen batteries
No full textMetal-oxygen batteries (MOBs) are great candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and especially high volumetric energy density. However, during the oxygen reduction process in MOBs, the solid discharge products can deposit/accumulate, clog the small pores of the air electrode, and block the transport of oxygen and various ion species in aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes, therefore leading to increased impedance and shortened cycle life of MOBs. Herein, we demonstrate that a three-dimensionally semi-ordered macroporous (3D-SOM) structure of ruthenium/single-walled carbon nanotubes air electrode can largely alleviate detrimental effects due to the accumulation of reaction products during the discharge process, facilitating the smooth flow of active species, including oxygen and ions in an air electrode during the charge/discharge processes of MOBs such as non-aqueous lithium-oxygen and aqueous zinc-oxygen batteries. As a result, the 3D-SOM structured air electrode can be used as an effective approach to reduce the overpotential and impedance of MOBs, therefore enhancing their capacity and cycle life
Development of a drone-borne sensor for PM2.5 mass concentration measurement in seriously polluted environments
No full textEffects of yttrium on the oxidation behavior of Fe13Cr6AlY alloys under 1200 & DEG;C steam
No full textFeCrAl alloys are a candidate material for accident-tolerant fuel cladding in nuclear power plants owing to their high-temperature oxidation resistance, which can be further enhanced by the addition of Y. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Y on the oxidation behavior of Fe13Cr6Al alloys in a 1200 & DEG;C steam environment with varying Y concentrations. Initially, Y was present as intermetallic particles in the matrix, which were identified as YFe4Al8. Once the oxidation process began, Y-rich intermetallics served as Y reservoirs and caused two conflicting effects: Y segregation at the oxide grain boundaries and Y-rich oxide formation. The Y segregation caused the inward diffusion of oxygen to be dominant, which changed the oxide growth mechanism and led to enhanced oxidation resistance and oxide adherence. On the other hand, Y formed Y2O3 at the grain boundaries near the oxide/metal interface, which eventually became Y3Al5O12. The Y3Al5O12 pegs allowed rapid oxygen penetration into the metal substrate and caused internal oxidation. Therefore, there is an optimal Y content as a result of these conflicting effects of Y addition. The reticular structure was also carefully analyzed to determine any relationship with the Y-rich oxide pegs. The reticular structure observed on the oxidized surface was identified as Y3Al5O12, which was formed at the grain boundaries of the metal or buried in the Al oxide. The size of the reticular structure coincided with the grain size of the metal near the surface. Data Availability: The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also form part of an ongoing study. & COPY; 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer
No full textPen-drawing is an intuitive, convenient, and creative fabrication method for delivering emergent and adaptive design to real devices. To demonstrate the application of pen-drawing to robot construction, we developed pen-drawn Marangoni swimmers that perform complex programmed tasks using a simple and accessible manufacturing process. By simply drawing on substrates using ink-based Marangoni fuel, the swimmers demonstrate advanced robotic motions such as polygon and star-shaped trajectories, and navigate through maze. The versatility of pen-drawing allows the integration of the swimmers with time-varying substrates, enabling multi-step motion tasks such as cargo delivery and return to the original place. We believe that our pen-based approach will significantly expand the potential applications of miniaturized swimming robots and provide new opportunities for simple robotic implementations
Investigating Series and Parallel Oxide Memtransistors for Tunable Weight Update Properties
No full textCurrently,analog in-memory computing, employing memristorsintoa crossbar array architecture (CAA), is the leading system among availableneuromorphic hardware. This study presents a highly tunable synapticweight update based on a multiterminal memtransistor device as a solutionfor nonlinear synaptic operations and crosstalk issues in CAA memristors,which are long-standing challenges in neuromorphic hardware applications.To explore an effective device structure for tunable weight updateproperties, a memtransistor device with a series and parallel structurefunctioning by interface type and oxygen migration is fabricated usinga ZnO channel layer and an amorphous TiO2 memristor. Theseries memtransistor device exhibits a significant tunable weightupdate property at the gate knob; thus, it simultaneously can functionas a selector (accelerating and inhibiting weight update) in the CAAand tune and ultimately improve the linearity of the potentiationand depression curves. Neuromorphic hardware based on tunable synapticweight update functions provides advantageous features for accuracyand crosstalk issues. Using the Fashion-MNIST pattern recognitionsimulation, the tuned weight update properties are obtained by threedifferent write and read condition combinations, and the results areclose to ideal accuracy
