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Elastic integrated electronics based on a stretchable n-type elastomer-semiconductor-elastomer stack
No full textAn elastomer-semiconductor-elastomer stack structure can allow an intrinsically brittle n-type organic semiconductor to be stretched by 50% and used to make fully stretchable complementary electronics. Elastic integrated electronics are of potential use in a range of emerging applications, particularly those that require devices that can form an interface with soft biological tissue. The development of such devices has typically focused on the creation of stretchy p-type semiconductors, and the lack of suitable stretchy n-type semiconductors limits the potential of stretchable integrated systems. Here we show that a brittle n-type organic semiconductor can be made mechanically stretchable by integrating into a stack with an elastomer-semiconductor-elastomer architecture. The structure suppresses the formation and propagation of microcracks and can be stretched by up to 50% with negligible loss of performance. It also improves the long-term stability of the semiconductor in an ambient environment. We use the n-type elastomer-semiconductor-elastomer stack, together with other stretchy electronic materials, to build elastic transistors, digital logic gates, complementary electronics, p-n photodetectors and an active matrix multiplexed deformable imager
Synergy between single atoms and nanoclusters of Pd/g-C3N4 catalysts for efficient base-free CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid
No full textIn base-free CO2 hydrogenation to HCOOH over C3N4-supported Pd catalysts, a synergy between Pd single atoms and nanoclusters has been discovered by observing the highest catalytic activity when an optimum ratio of the two Pd states is present in the catalyst. It is demonstrated that Pd clusters are mainly involved in H2 activation by dissociative adsorption, while single atoms are more effec-tive for CO2 activation. Thus, at an optimum single atom ratio (number of single atoms/number of single atoms + nanoclusters) of 41%, the catalyst shows the highest activity, which is superior to all Pd catalysts reported previously in the literature under the similar reaction conditions.(c) 2023, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Open microfluidic device for 3D co-culture of tumor spheroids and study of cellular interaction
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Ambient air-operated thermo-switchable adhesion of N-isopropylacrylamide-incorporated pressure sensitive adhesives
No full textOwing to the rise in global population and living standards, waste treatment has inevitably become a critical issue for a sustainable environment. In particular, for an effective recycling process, it is vital to disassemble different types of materials by removing adhesives used in the packaging. However, this removal process requires harsh solvents (acidic and organic) that are unfriendly to nature and may cause additional pollution. To address this issue, functional adhesive materials that can be removed without the use of harsh solvents have drawn significant attention. One promising approach is to utilize the stimuli-responsive polymers to synthesize pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs); however, it is technically challenging to simultaneously satisfy (i) strong initial adhesion (without stimulus), (ii) stimuli-responsive sufficient reduction of adhesion, and (iii) reversibility. In this study, thermo-switchable PSAs were synthesized by copolymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), which possesses thermal-responsive properties; acrylic acid, which endows adhesive properties; and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, which has a low glass transition temperature to attain sufficient flexibility. The synthesized NIPAM-based thermo-switchable PSAs exhibited significantly high peel strength at room temperature (similar to 15.41 N/25 mm at 20 degrees C), which decreased by similar to 97% upon heating (similar to 0.46 N/25 mm at 80 degrees C). Importantly, no residues remained due to the cohesive nature of NIPAM at high temperature. The reversible adhesion behaviour of the thermo-switchable PSAs was retained during repeated heating and cooling cycles. Therefore, the developed thermo-switchable PSA can enhance the reusability and recyclability of valuable materials and minimize the use of toxic chemicals for adhesive removal, contributing to a more sustainable future
A deep reinforcement learning approach for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem with Drone
No full textReinforcement learning has recently shown promise in learning quality solutions in many combinatorial optimization problems. In particular, the attention-based encoder-decoder models show high effectiveness on various routing problems, including the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Unfortunately, they perform poorly for the TSP with Drone (TSP-D), requiring routing a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles in coordination-a truck and a drone. In TSP-D, the two vehicles are moving in tandem and may need to wait at a node for the other vehicle to join. State-less attention-based decoder fails to make such coordination between vehicles. We propose a hybrid model that uses an attention encoder and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network decoder, in which the decoder's hidden state can represent the sequence of actions made. We empirically demonstrate that such a hybrid model improves upon a purely attention-based model for both solution quality and computational efficiency. Our experiments on the min-max Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (mmCVRP) also confirm that the hybrid model is more suitable for the coordinated routing of multiple vehicles than the attention-based model. The proposed model demonstrates comparable results as the operations research baseline methods
