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Influence of short branches on entangled linear and ring polymers at interface system under shear flow
No full textTransgenerational effects of benzotriazole on the gene expression, growth, and reproduction of Daphnia magna*
No full textDue to its widespread and intensive use as a corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole is ubiquitously detected from a few parts per billion to several hundred parts per million in aquatic environments. The long-term toxicity of benzotriazole is unclear despite its low acute toxicity. Therefore, we investigated the transgenerational effects of benzotriazole at the genomic and individual levels using the freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna. Maternal exposure to sublethal concentrations (15 and 30 mg/L) of benzotriazole exerted transgenerational effects on D. magna at the genomic and individual levels even in descendants that have never been exposed to benzo-triazole. Significant alterations in the expression of Cyp, GST, Vtg1, and Hb and in neonate size were observed in the unexposed F3 generation, confirming the transgenerational effect of benzotriazole. Interestingly, detoxifi-cation related genes Cyp and GST were unaffected or downregulated in the exposed generation but upregulated in the following unexposed generations. Furthermore, continuous multigenerational exposure to an environ-mental concentration (4.3 mu g/L) of benzotriazole also upregulated detoxification genes in decent generations but exerted no individual-level effects in subsequent generations
Time-course analysis of change in display color-appearance based on ambient light change
No full textThis study investigates the time course of changes in display color appearance according to changes in ambient lighting. Psychophysical experiments were conducted to observe brightness under lighting transitions in illuminance and the perceived white point under lighting transitions in correlated color temperatures. The result shows that significant change in the color appearance occurs immediately after ambient lighting changes. In addition, the initial change in color appearance depends on the lighting transition characteristics. The continuous change in color appearance was observed when ambient lighting was changed to brighter or lower CCT. On the other hand, a significant abrupt change at the initial stage of adaptation was observed when ambient lighting was changed to darker or higher CCT
2D Materials in the Display Industry: Status and Prospects
No full textWith advances in flexible electronics, innovative foldable, rollable, and stretchable displays have been developed to maintain their performance under various deformations. These flexible devices can develop more innovative designs than conventional devices due to their light weight, high space efficiency, and practical convenience. However, developing flexible devices requires material innovation because the devices must be flexible and exhibit desirable electrical insulating/semiconducting/metallic properties. Recently, emerging 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable research attention because of their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, which are ideal for flexible electronics. The recent progress and challenges of 2D material growth and display applications are reviewed and perspectives for exploring 2D materials for display applications are discussed
A 5.4-Gb/s, 0.57-pJ/bit, Single-Loop Referenceless CDR With an Unlimited Bilateral Frequency Detection Scheme
No full textThis article proposes a single-loop referenceless clock and data recovery (CDR) with a bilateral bang-bang phase and frequency detector (BBPFD). The CDR achieves an unlimited frequency acquisition range in both directions of the lock frequency. The proposed BBPFD tracks the frequency by using the asymmetry of UP/DN output probability of the bang-bang phase detector (BBPD). A seamless transition between frequency acquisition and phase tracking is possible through a simple modification of the existing BBPD. The CDR has a locking time of 3 ?? s under the PRBS7 pattern. The test chip was fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process. It supports a 5.4-Gb/s link rate, making it compatible with the embedded DisplayPort (eDP) standard v1.2. The total power consumption is 3.04 mW at a speed of 5.4 Gb/s/lane. The power efficiency is 0.57-pJ/bit at a supply voltage of 0.9 V
Developing a semi-supervised learning and ordinal classification framework for quality level prediction in manufacturing
No full textThe authors of this work propose a novel semi-supervised learning framework for quality prediction in manufacturing. Semi-supervised learning is a promising method in neural network applications, where label generation incurs significant time and cost. However, a semi-supervised learning mechanism in the manufacturing industry has not been as popular as a supervised learning method, especially in quality prediction tasks. The proposed framework trains a deep neural network-based model in a self-training scheme that uses filtered unlabeled data based on prediction confidence. In particular, the framework successfully handles ordinal classification tasks by using ordinal label rendering based on a state-of-the-art technique called the soft ordinal vector (SORD) that reflects ordinality in multiple labels. Furthermore, a newly proposed information measure named ordinal entropy, which takes ordinality into account, is used to selectively utilize confident labels among generated pseudo-labels. The proposed framework???s efficacy is validated through a case study using real-world data from the ultraviolet (UV) lamp manufacturing process. The proposed framework has shown better performance in quality prediction than the learned model with only supervision. In addition, various configurations of the proposed framework have been validated with extensive experiments
Chevron-beam-based nonlinearity-tunable elastic metamaterial
No full textIn this work, we proposed a chevron-beam-based nonlinearity-tunable elastic metamaterial capable of tuning the nonlinear parameters. Instead of enhancing or suppressing nonlinear phenomena or slightly tuning nonlin-earities, the proposed metamaterial directly tunes its nonlinear parameters, allowing much broader manipulation of nonlinear phenomena. Based on the underlying physics, we discovered that the nonlinear parameters of the chevron-beam-based metamaterial are determined by the initial angle. To identify the change in the nonlinear parameters according to the initial angle, we derived an analytical model of the proposed metamaterial to calculate the nonlinear parameters. Based on the analytical model, the actual chevron-beam-based metamaterial is designed. We show that the proposed metamaterial enables nonlinear parameter control and harmonic tuning by numerical methods
Design Principles for Fluorinated Interphase Evolution via Conversion-Type Alloying Processes for Anticorrosive Lithium Metal Anodes
No full textOver the past decade, lithium metal has been considered the most attractive anode material for high-energy-density batteries. However, its practical application has been hindered by its high reactivity with organic electrolytes and uncontrolled dendritic growth, resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency and cycle life. In this paper, we propose a design strategy for interface engineering using a conversion-type reaction of metal fluorides to evolve a LiF passivation layer and Li-M alloy. Particularly, we propose a LiF-modified Li-Mg-C electrode, which demonstrates stable long-term cycling for over 2000 h in common organic electrolytes with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additives and over 700 h even without additives, suppressing unwanted side reactions and Li dendritic growth. With the help of phase diagrams, we found that solid-solution-based alloying not only facilitates the spontaneous evolution of a LiF layer and bulk alloy but also enables reversible Li plating/stripping inward to the bulk, compared with intermetallic compounds with finite Li solubility
Analysis of the Work Time and the Collective Dose by Correcting the Learning-Forgetting Curve Model in Decommissioning of a Nuclear Facility
No full textBackground: As the number of nuclear facilities nearing their pre-determined design life increases, demand is increasing for technology and infrastructure related to the decommissioning and decontamination (D&D) process. It is necessary to consider the nature of the dismantling environment constantly changing and the worker doing new tasks. A method was studied that can calculate the effect of learning and the change in work time on the work process, according to the learning-forgetting curve model (LFCM).
Materials and Methods: The LFCM was analyzed, and input values and scenarios were analyzed for substitution into the D&D process of a nuclear facility.
Results and Discussion: The effectiveness and efficiency of the training were analyzed. It was calculated that skilled workers can receive a 16.9% less collective radiation dose than workers with only basic training.
Conclusion: Using these research methods and models, it was possible to calculate the change in the efficiency of workers performing new tasks in the D&D process and the corresponding reduction in the work time and collective dose
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No full textNumerical study is conducted to clarify flame structures and NO emissions in a single-staged (ammonia + methane)/air premixed combustion, which can be presumed with a counterflow configuration. To clarify the important role of downstream interaction on flame characteristics and NO emissions, injecting (80% methane+20% ammonia)/air mixtures to the ambiences of nitrogen and air is studied. When lean blended fuel/air premixed mixtures are injected to the ambiences of nitrogen and air, there are no significant change in flame structure and NO emission. When the rich premixed mixtures are injected to air (nitrogen) ambience, an interacting flame consisting of a rich premixed flame and a diffusion flame (a single rich premixed flame) is generated. The difference in such flame configurations completely alters flame structure and NO emission behavior. The present results can be utilized as a baseline case in reducing NO emission via various combinations such as ammonia-air, methane-air, pure air, and (ammoniar+methane)/air in the secondary zone of a two-stage ammonia blended methane/air premixed combustor