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No full textSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering (Energy Engineering (Battery Science and Technology))ope
Characterization of Cul4A-dependent homologous recombination protein proteolysis by UNI418 and its derivative
No full textDepartment of Biomedical Engineeringclos
Disparities in energy insecurity among Public and Private apartment complex households during the COVID19 pandemic
Get PDFDepartment of Urban and Environmental Engineering (Urban Infrastructure Engineering)The COVID19 pandemic is significantly affecting many aspects of people's lives worldwide. Many countries have enacted an unprecedented lockdown or social distancing policy to prevent the spread of the virus. Despite these measures affecting reducing the n umber of infected cases, the restrictions on people's activities had a substantial negative impact, and it was not affecting everyone in the same way, and it could exacerbate the existing inequalities. This study analyzed how COVID19 affected low income a nd high-- income apartments, respectively. By comparing public rental apartments and private apartments, we can examine the difference in response to the pandemic situation between highincome and lowincome people. In order to examine actual occupancy chang e after COVID19, living population data was handled as a spatial unit of an apartment complex and analyzed with energy consumption. An analysis was conducted on 689 apartment complexes in Seoul, and the data from January 2020 to December 2021 during the C OVID19 period were compared with the data from 2019. In addition, a multivariate regression analysis was performed on energy consumption per floor area and energy consumption per living population to quantitatively analyze with an interaction term of inco me level and COVID COVID-- 19 stages variable to examine how each income class was affected by the period of 19. COVID low-- 19 was divided into three stages to analyze more detail. The result indicates that income apartments have faced significant energy inse curity and an unfavorable residential environment against quarantine. The existing social distancing slowed the spread of COVID low19 and bought time for the medical system to respond, but there were also adverse side effects that increased the burden on the income class.ope
Effect of Display Position During Treadmill Exercise
Get PDFDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringTreadmill walking or running is a common daily exercise that can be easily carried out at public gyms as well as private home. In general, indoor treadmill walking and running are performed while watching video contents through a display, which is mounted around the control panel of the treadmill or on a stand at about eye height in front of the treadmill. It is assumed that the two different positions of the display would induce different head and neck postures when conducting treadmill exercises, and it may affect the muscular loads on the neck or back musculature. However, there is a lack of information on how the position of the display affects the user???s walking and running posture and the muscular load on the upper body. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of display position on postures and muscular loads during walking and running on a treadmill. This study quantitatively evaluated the effect of the display position on the cervical and lumbar spine musculoskeletal system. Seventeen participants performed walking and running in two display position conditions: a standing monitor located in front of the participant's gaze and a monitor located on the
treadmill control panel. The kinematic variables of the lower extremities and spatiotemporal gait parameters were quantified using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Electromyography sensors for assessing muscular loads were attached to the neck, shoulder, and lower back muscles. The activation level of muscles, kinematics variables, and gait parameters were compared between two display position conditions by the one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study showed that the neck flexion angle and the activation level of neck extensor muscles under the panel display condition was significantly greater during both walking and running except for the 10th percentile level of muscle activation in running task (p<0.05). The head vertical
acceleration value was significantly higher under the front display condition during running (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in trunk flexion, but the activation level of erector spinae muscles was higher under the panel display condition (p<0.05). During running, the trunk flexion was significantly higher under the panel display condition (p<0.05), the activation level of erector spinae muscles had no significant difference between the conditions. The findings of this study provide evidence that watching video on a display mounted on the treadmill while walking or running can pose larger biomechanical stress on the neck musculature compared to
the eye-level display position in front of the treadmill. Considering the frequency and duration of daily treadmill exercises, such a display position should be avoided to reduce potential risks for neck musculoskeletal problems.ope
Elucidation of the RpoD and RpoS Sigmulons in Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH 78578
No full textSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering (Chemical Engineering)Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a serious cause of community acquired invasive infections. It is a commensal bacteria found ubiquitously on the surface mucosa of humans and a pathogen notable for antimicrobial resistance and high virulence. ChIP-exo was used to extract binding site data for two transcription factors: RpoS and RpoD in Klebsiella pneumoniae strain MGH 78578, which has twenty antimicrobial resistance genes between two of its five plasmids. Binding site and gene expression data were generated in both mid exponential growth and early stationary phase. Regulons were derived from binding site and gene expression data. Transcription factor binding site motifs for both sigma factors were confirmed when compared to previous studies. Visualisation of chromatin immunoprecipitation with exo nuclease treatment libraries revealed differential binding patterns of two sigma factors. It was observed that there was a relatively large number of binding sites in mid exponential growth for house-keeping sigma factor RpoD compared to early stationary phase. Moreover, the number of virulence genes included in the RpoD sigmulon was higher than the number included in the RpoS sigmulon. However, the number of binding sites associated with AMR genes in plasmids pkpn4 and pkpn5 were higher in the RpoS sigmulon compared to the RpoD sigmulon. ARGs of interest were OXA-9 family oxacillin-hydrolysing class D beta-lactamase and chloramphenicol efflux MFS transporter cm1A5, which only appeared in the RpoD sigmulon in early stationary phase. Six unnamed proteins that were either fimbrial proteins or proteins relating to fimbriae were also identified as being of interest given that they were solely found in the RpoS sigmulon during early stationary phase. These eight genes require more thorough investigation in terms of transcriptomics data and other, phase-associated characterisations.clos
ET-743 (Trabectedin) induces cytotoxic DNA strand breaks during the G1-phase in a transcription- coupled nucleotide excision repair dependent manner
No full textDepartment of Biological Sciencesclos
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Get PDFDepartment of Urban and Environmental Engineering (Environmental Science and Engineering)Gwangyang, Jinhae, Busan, and Ulsan Bay were designated as special management sea areas due to active industrial activities, and various pollutants, including heavy metals, were discharged, resulting in higher contamination of sediments than in other areas. Since heavy metals accumulated in sediments are released according to mobility and can have an adverse effect on the ecosystem depending on their mobility, various chemical forms should be considered to accurately evaluate their impact on the environment.
In this study, 67 sediments were collected from four regions and extracted by applying BCR sequential extraction. After that, 11 heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in sediments were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Based on these results, the concentration and fraction distribution of heavy metals were investigated, characteristics of pollution patterns by region were identified, and ecological risk was evaluated using three indices such as individual contamination factor (ICF), risk assessment code (RAC), and modified potential ecological risk index (MRI).
Cd and Mn had the highest concentration in Jinhae and Gwang bay, respectively, and showed the tendency to increase the F1 fraction as the concentration increased. Cu and Pb had the highest concentration in Busan bay and shows the tendency to increase the F2 fraction as the concentration increased. Zn also had the highest concentration in Busan bay, and as the concentration increased, the non-residual fraction increased. Other heavy metals had a high proportion of F4 fractions. Also, characteristics of pollution patterns were influenced by regional characteristics and industrial complexes, and it could be confirmed in correlation analysis and PCA.
ICF showed that among the four regions, Cd had the highest ecological risk in Jinhae bay, Mn in Gwangyang bay, Cu and Zn in Busan bay, and Pb in Ulsan bay. Other heavy metals showed a low level of ecological risk in all regions. In RAC, among the 11 heavy metals, Cd and Mn showed higher mobility and bioavailability than other heavy metals. Especially in Jinhae bay, the ecological risk of Cd was the highest, and in other bays, Mn showed the highest ecological risk. In MRI, six sites (four sites in Jinhae bay and two sites in Busan bay) were evaluated as a moderate level of ecological risk, and Cd contributed the most to determining the MRI value in almost sites. It means Cd could adversely affect the aquatic environments in all regions. Therefore, it is needed to be careful of the ecological risk caused by Cd.ope
Highly Efficient Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes Using Alkali Metal Halide Additives
No full textDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringclos
MICS : Midpoint Interpolation to Learn Compact and Separated Representations for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning
No full textGraduate School of Artificial Intelligenceclos
Molecular mechanisms underlying obesity associated cancer progression
Get PDFDepartment of Biological SciencesWorldwide obese population is continuously increased with being nearly tripled since 1975, and subsequently, increase of metabolic dysfunction has been emerging as a global health care burden that threatens our lives. Numerous studies have reported that the metabolic dysfunctions such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, or hypertension act as risk factor for various disease including cardiovascular disorder, neurological disorders, liver disease, and cancer as well. Especially, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit accelerated pathological development in patients with metabolic syndrome. Although epidemiological data indicated that patients with obesity, or diabetes have elevated cancer incidence and mortality, underlying mechanisms that link epidemiologic associations between metabolic disorder and cancer is poorly understood. In this thesis, we investigated the linking factors involved in association of the metabolic dysfunctions with the CLD and breast cancer, and how they are regulated, and how they contributed to pathophysiology of the diseases.
In first part of this study, we addressed the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying obesity-associated CLD. As a plausible factor that mediates the links between CLD and metabolic stress, we focused on endotrophin, a cleaved product from C5 domain of Collagen6 alpha chain 3 (COL6A3). It is previously documented to be excessively generated in adipose tissues under obese condition, which in turns contributes to pathologic process of the metabolic diseases. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of endotrophin in CLD and generated transgenic mice model capable of liver-specific endotrophin overexpression, regulated by Dox treatment. Although endotrophin overexpression itself exhibited limited changes in phenotype of liver tissues under normal condition, high expression levels of endotrophin in damaged hepatocytes resulted in JNK mediated hepatic apoptosis and activation of non-parenchymal cells (NPC), leading to further accelerated inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, abrogation of paracrine interactions between hepatocyte and NPC, achieved by endotrophin neutralizing antibodies, led to diminished marker gene expression of inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, in clinical settings, high expression of COL6A3 and endotrophin, its derived peptide, in tumor microenvironment were closely associated with worsened clinical outcomes in HCC patients. Our results shed light on mechanistic insight of endotrophin in CLD progression, by highlighting its role for potential mediator in reciprocal crosstalk between the liver cell populations. Furthermore, inhibitions of endotrophin could be potential therapeutic strategies in CLD patients who are comorbid with obesity or metabolic disorder.
Hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk for breast cancers, causing fatal outcomes in the cancer patients. Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) is overexpressed in breast cancer by hyperglycemia, which is one of the plausible factors that links epidemiologic associations between cancer and diabetes. In second part of the study, we investigated molecular mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia-induced Nrg1 overexpression in breast cancer settings. We demonstrate that hyperglycemia leads to active histone modifications at the Nrg1 enhancer, and formation of enhanceosome complexes where RBPJ, P300, and SETD1A are recruited to elevate Nrg1 expression. Deletion of RBPJ-binding sites within the Nrg1 enhancer caused hyperglycemia-driven Nrg1 levels to be diminished, resulting in diminished tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice displayed accelerated tumor growth and lapatinib resistance, whereas lapatinib combined with DAPT administration attenuated the tumor growth under hyperglycemic conditions by dual inhibition of NOTCH and HER2 pathway. Finally, TCGA data analysis revealed that Notch activity was positively correlated with NRG1 levels, and high NRG1 levels predicted worsened clinical outcomes, especially in HER2-amplified breast cancer patients. Our results highlight the hyperglycemia-linked epigenetic regulation of NRG1 as a potential therapeutic target molecule for treating hyperglycemic breast cancer patients.
Finally, we aimed to develop anti-cancer drugs for the aggressive breast cancer treatment. A methanolic leaf extract from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum (NC13) and verminoside (Vms), a major constituent of the NC13, were identified as natural product that exhibited chemoadjuvant activity to enhance the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. The compounds were found to have anti-metastatic activities in combined with cisplatin treatment. The effects of compounds in cisplatin combination treatment were partly mediated through suppression of epithelial???mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the breast cancer cell. Those results imply that the NC13/Vms based chemoadjuvants therapy could be an effective strategy for combination regimens of conventional chemo-drugs.
Taken together, we demonstrated the mechanistic insights for understanding impact of metabolic dysfunctions in liver and breast cancer pathology. Furthermore, we suggest that metabolic status of the patients should be importantly considered to achieve optimal therapeutic strategy for the patients with comorbidity.ope