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Identification and validation of six acute myocardial infarction-associated variants, including a novel prognostic marker for cardiac mortality
No full textBackground: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and approximately half of AMI-related deaths occur before the affected individual reaches the hospital. The present study aimed to identify and validate genetic variants associated with AMI and their role as prognostic markers. Materials and methods: We conducted a replication study of 29 previously identified novel loci containing 85 genetic variants associated with early-onset AMI using a new independent set of 2,920 Koreans [88 patients with early- and 1,085 patients with late-onset AMI, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 1,747 healthy controls]. Results: Of the 85 previously reported early-onset variants, six were confirmed in our genome-wide association study with a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. Notably, rs12639023, a cis-eQTL located in the intergenic region between LINC02005 and CNTN3, significantly increased longitudinal cardiac mortality and recurrent AMI. CNTN3 is known to play a role in altering vascular permeability. Another variant, rs78631167, located upstream of PLAUR and known to function in fibrinolysis, was moderately replicated in this study. By surveying the nearby genomic region around rs78631167, we identified a significant novel locus (rs8109584) located 13 bp downstream of rs78631167. The present study showed that six of the early-onset variants of AMI are applicable to both early- and late-onset cases. Conclusion: Our results confirm markers that can potentially be utilized to predict, screen, prevent, and treat candidate patients with AMI and highlight the potential of rs12639023 as a prognostic marker for cardiac mortality in AMI
Near-Infrared Electron Acceptors with Cyano-Substituted 2-(3-Oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile End-Groups for Organic Solar Cells
No full textNear-infrared (NIR) electron acceptors are critical components for constructing organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we report a set of A-DA'D-A-type electron acceptors with end-groups of cyano-substituted 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (CN-IC), which possesses the strongest electron-withdrawing ability among the end-groups reported to date. An optical bandgap as low as 1.29 eV was obtained for the electron acceptors with CN-IC endgroups, which is decreased by 0.12 eV with respect to that of the reference electron acceptor. Meanwhile, deep-lying frontier molecular orbital energy levels were maintained in these electron acceptors. These advantages endow the electron acceptors with a broad light-harvesting range and the capacity to match prevalent polymer donors. Consequently, OSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 18.1% were obtained. These results suggest the huge potential of CN-IC in constructing NIR electron acceptors
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Macroscopic alignment of metal-organic framework crystals in specific crystallographic orientations
No full textWith the growing interest in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their potential applications, it has become crucial to discover novel MOFs and modify their constituent components. One promising strategy for enhancing the properties of MOFs is the alignment of crystals in specific orientations, which induce anisotropic properties in particular facets. The integration of oriented MOFs at the macroscopic level can be achieved through two main approaches: the direct growth in an oriented manner and the alignment of pre-formed crystals. Direct growth methods involve the adsorption of precursor molecules on substrates, initiating the guided growth based on factors like lattice parameters, surface interactions, and differential growth rates of crystal facets. Integrating MOFs with other substrates in an oriented manner generates novel architectures with unique properties. Another approach is to create alignment using pre-formed MOF crystals, which mainly involves external forces, interfaces of synthetic media, and their assembly. This strategy offers greater flexibility in material selection because of the wide range of pre-existing MOF structures of different compositions. Furthermore, it enables the fabrication of highly ordered alignment over large areas. Ideally, perfectly aligned MOF crystals can mutually synchronize with each other to act like a large single-crystal, ultimately facilitating the full utilization of the directional anisotropic properties over a large area. This review focuses on the preparation strategies and examples of macroscopically oriented MOFs. This review explores synthetic strategies for macroscopic aligned MOFs, enhancing properties without structural designs or post-synthetic reactions
Applicability evaluation of Ground Motion Models (GMMs) for Korean Peninsula
No full textThere are growing opinions that Korea is no longer safe from earthquakes after recent several earthquakes with magnitudes over 5.0 (e.g., moment magnitude 5.4 Gyeongju earthquakes occurred on September 12, 2016). Korean organizations and researchers have been conducting various studies regarding GMMs and selecting GMMs to reduce damage to earthquakes occurring in Korea, but it is necessary to re-evaluate which GMM is most suitable for Korea with recently developed GMMs.
In this study, we evaluate 8 GMMs of the active crustal region, 6 GMMs developed for the stable continental region, and 7 regional developed Korean GMMs. For several GMMs developed without consideration for site effect are applied the site amplification functions (Matsuoka and Midorikawa 1996, and Aaqib et al. 2021), so a total of 31 GMMs are considered. We compute Log-Likelihood differences (LLH; Scherbaum et al. 2009), the multivariate logarithmic score (mvLogS; Mak et al. 2017), the Euclidean distance-based ranking (EDR; Kale and Akkar 2013), the Euclidean metric distance (EMD, Cremen et al. 2020), the deviance information criterion (DIC; Kowsari et al. 2019), and a cumulative-distribution-based area metric (AM; Sunny et al. 2021) values for the response spectra of the 1,009 ground motions (M over 3.5) and GMMs for various periods (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 s). The un-normalized weight method is selected to consider all six ranking methods. For PGA and Sa, several GMMs developed for Korea, or the SCR region results in the top five models, respectively. Also, weighted GMMs are developed and evaluated to be suitable for use. The weighted GMMs and Eea15 rank at the top overwhelmingly
Robust Subcriticality Monitoring of Xenon-Poisoned CANDU-6 Core using Intense Delayed-Photoneutron Source from Activated-Sodium Adjustor Rod Design
No full textThis study evaluates the performance of an activated sodium adjuster rod design as an intense delayed-photoneutron (PN) source for subcriticality monitoring in large heavy water reactors. The proposed adjuster rod design utilizes NaF powder sandwiched between concentric Al tubes while maintaining the reactivity worth and flux shaping performance target of conventional stainless steel adjuster rods. The activated sodium (24Na) generates long-lived delayed-PN in the heavy water moderator from the high-intensity 2.754 MeV gamma ray through D(????,????)1H reaction. The saturation activity of the 24Na source is orders of magnitude larger than other long-lived fission-product PN groups, and the activation-product source dominates the intrinsic source in the reactor from tens of minutes to several days after the reactor shutdown and Xenon poisoning transient. Detector signals during a Xe-poison transient at all locations (in- and ex-core), are primarily (~99%) fission neutrons from subcritical multiplication and over 90% of these fission chains originate from the 24Na PNs. These detector signals from the Xe-well at 10 h after shutdown to approach to critical between 39 hours and 43 hours are factor of 10 to 100 larger than from the 140La PN source alone, providing robust detector response for reactivity monitoring of CANDU-6 core
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No full textDistinct modes of dopaminergic modulation on striatopallidal transmission in health and Parkinsonism
No full textDopamine (DA) and its GPCR receptors control willed movement through the D1-direct pathway and D2-indirect pathway within the basal ganglia. In a classical model, excessive activity in the indirect pathway is one of the circuit mechanisms underlying Parkinsonism. Although striatopallidal synapses serve as a critical gateway of the indirect pathway, the physiological functions of dopamine on striatopallidal transmission remain poorly understood. Here, we sought to understand how DA through the nigropallidal pathway modulates striatopallidal transmission. We found that DA is directly released onto the GPe and there is a marked regional heterogeneity of dopaminergic innervation to the GPe. In addition, striatopallidal transmission is physiologically different within the subregions of the GPe defined by the dorsal-ventral and lateral-medial axes. We further showed that dopamine D2-Like receptors modulate striatopallidal transmission via regionally distinct modes of action in the GPe. We also revealed that the differences in subcellular expression and sensitivity of dopamine D2 and D4 receptors expressed on striatopallidal terminals and postsynaptic GPe neurons are likely to make a contribution to the diversity of dopaminergic modulation on striatopallidal transmission throughout the GPe subregions. Notably, nigropallidal dopaminergic innervations to the GPe subregions exhibit differential susceptibility to 6-OHDA. Moreover, 6-OHDA-induced DA depletion particularly promotes D2R-mediated presynaptic inhibition in VL and DM subregions of the GPe. To sum up, these results demonstrate that synaptic information conveyed by the indirect pathway can be differentially regulated by DA via distinct modes of action in the GPe subregions, which can be determined by anatomical locations of striatopallidal synapses
