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Residual and Sequential Herbicide Treatments in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean
No full textDicamba-resistant soybean was developed and commercialized by Monsanto in 2016, and in recent years, barnyardgrass has become more troublesome for growers who use residual herbicides with dicamba technology. Field studies were conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Stoneville, Mississippi, to evaluate barnyardgrass control after applications of glyphosate or glyphosate + dicamba, when mixed with residual herbicides, and when applied sequentially. In the first field study, glyphosate (1,120 g ae ha−1) and glyphosate + dicamba (560 g ae ha−1) were applied in combination with common residual herbicides. The second field study included an initial treatment with glyphosate (1,120 g ha−1), glyphosate + dicamba (560 g ha−1), and glyphosate + dicamba + S-metolachlor (1,064 g ai ha−1) followed by a sequential treatment of glyphosate or glyphosate + dicamba at 3 and 7 d after an initial herbicide treatment. Results indicated that glyphosate alone provided greater barnyardgrass control than glyphosate + dicamba. Additionally, at 28 d after treatment, pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + fluthiacet, dimethenamid-P, and S-metolachlor did not affect postemergence control of barnyardgrass after glyphosate + dicamba treatments. Furthermore, sequential herbicide treatments of glyphosate or glyphosate + dicamba led to no difference in barnyardgrass control 28 d after the sequential treatment. These results indicate that options exist for adding residual herbicides to glyphosate + dicamba treatments and that sequential treatments of glyphosate or glyphosate + dicamba are important for optimizing barnyardgrass control
Characterization of Cowpea Genotypes for Traits Related to Early-Season Drought Tolerance
No full textCowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a vital legume crop recognized for its nutritional value and adaptability to various growing conditions. However, exposure of cowpea to drought stress during the early growth stages can significantly restrict growth and yield potential. Therefore, identifying cowpea genotypes tolerant to drought during early growth and development is essential for maintaining yield potential. This study characterized 15 diverse cowpea genotypes for various physiological, pigment, and morphological traits that may contribute to drought tolerance. At the V2 stage, the cowpea genotypes were subjected to two moisture regimes: control (100% irrigation) and drought (50% irrigation) for 22 days to assess trait responses and their relationship to drought tolerance. Drought-stressed plants decreased stomatal conductance by 79%, negatively correlating with a 2.9 °C increase in canopy temperature. Under drought, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) was strongly associated with the quantum yield of PSII and electron transport rate. Shoot biomass decreased by 51% and root biomass by 32% under drought. Leaf area and shoot weight were correlated with root traits such as total length, surface area, and weight. Among all genotypes, 280785-11 and UCR 1004 demonstrated superior rooting vigor under drought, emphasizing their efficiency in resource utilization. These findings highlight the relevance of utilizing drought-adaptive traits to improve early-season drought tolerance
Drought-induced shifts in cowpea rhizoplane bacterial communities across different vegetative and reproductive stages
No full textThe increasing prevalence of drought poses significant challenges to global food security, necessitating a deeper understanding of plant-microbiome interactions which help crop production. This study investigated the dynamics of drought stress-induced changes in rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes (EpicSelect4 and UCR369) across four growth stages. Community-level physiological profiling using Biolog EcoPlate analysis revealed that drought reduced rhizosphere microbial metabolic activity (carbon substrate utilization) in both genotypes, but UCR369 maintained higher metabolic capability than EpicSelect4 across growth stages. Further, integration of amplicon metagenomics and physiological data showed that drought significantly altered rhizoplane bacterial communities in cowpea, with distinct genotype-specific responses. There was a decline in Alpha diversity under drought, while community composition shifted based on genotype. Beta diversity results revealed that genotype and drought significantly influenced microbial community structure across growth stages. Proteobacteria dominated the root zone of the EpicSelect4 genotype, while UCR369 showed an increase in Actinobacteria under drought conditions. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) and physiological traits werecorrelated significantly with microbial community shifts. Interpretable machine learning approach identified Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria as the key biomarkers enriched under drought, with genera such as Streptomyces and Ensifer potentially contributing to drought tolerance. The Random Forest model coupled with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values demonstrated high predictive accuracy for identifying drought-related biomarkers, aligning with DeSeq2 analysis results. These models provided insights into the potential contributions of specific microbial taxa to cowpea drought tolerance, offering a promising avenue for developing microbiome-based strategies to improve crop resilience and sustainability under drought conditions
The Art of Making a Woman in Shakespeare and Shaw
No full textFor centuries, Ovid’s Pygmalion myth has been repeatedly restaged as a narrative of artistic creation and miraculous transformation. Yet beneath its aesthetic surface lies a persistent ethical conflict: the transformation of a woman into a male’s ideal form requires the erasure of her voice, agency, and identity. This thesis examines how the Pygmalion myth structures the coercive dynamics of transformation in William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew and George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion, tracing how each retelling adapts the myth to preserve patriarchal authority under new pretenses of improvement and education. Through close analysis of environmental, psychological, and linguistic manipulation, I argue that Petruchio and Higgins inherit Pygmalion’s role as creators who reshape women according to their own designs. Whereas Petruchio enacts Katherine’s transformation through deprivation, humiliation, and control of perception, Higgins orchestrates Eliza’s transformation through refinement, indulgence, and linguistic discipline. Across both plays, transformation becomes a mechanism of coercive control disguised as benevolence, revealing that the cost of artistic “perfection” is the woman’s selfhood. In exposing how critics and adaptations frequently sentimentalize these endings to reassert male authority, this thesis explores a continuing cultural impulse to romanticize female submission. Ultimately, the Pygmalion story remains compelling not because it celebrates creation, but because it idealizes domination, positioning the erasure of a woman’s identity and voice as a spectacle worthy of praise
Exploring Options to Maximize HPV Vaccination Rates in Mississippi: A Commentary
Full text linkHuman Papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers remain a significant cause of mortality. Nevertheless, disparities in vaccination coverage persist across the U.S., with Mississippi reporting the lowest HPV dose completion rates despite achieving high overall vaccination rates for other vaccines. Dental professionals can play a vital role in improving HPV vaccination rates by promoting and administrating the vaccine. Notably, Mississippi remains one of the few states where the dental board permits dentists to administer the HPV vaccine. This presents a valuable opportunity to expand access points as a preventive strategy against HPV-related cancers. Additionally, there is a need to explore legislative measures to enhance parental education and strengthen school entry requirements to improve vaccine uptake
The World is a Wasteland: Living in an Age of Diminishing Expectations
Full text linkBuilding on Hu Bo´s film “An elephant sitting still”, this paper examines a specific condition in contemporary society, in which expectations about the future are declining. This situation is interpreted as a consequence of the progressive collapse of modernisation. The diminishing expectations, I claim, are related to capital´s internal crisis, which erodes the very fabric of social mediation; in its place, arise all kinds of atavistic forms of violent desocialisation. I intend to recognize and examine a new condition of historicity in which time is no longer productive. Society experiences history as a dead time of dilated presentism. With this article, I hope to contribute to building a critical interpretation of the current world, highlighting the problems that a radical philosophy must tackle to overcome the present state of things
Genetic control of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant height and length of fruiting branches
No full textCotton Gossypium hirsutum L. is a major source of oil, biofuel, and fiber used in an exponentially growing human population. Cotton’s plant growth commonly described indeterminant to intermediate limits plant density in production agriculture. A study was conducted to determine the inheritance of cotton plant height and fruiting branch compactness. Plant breeding models utilized were generation means analysis, half-diallel, and topcross. The Cockerham formula was utilized to estimate the number of genes responsible for the variation observed in the breeding lines. Chi-square analyses and R-Studio® for quantitative genetics analysis were used to achieve the best fit of phenotypic variation. All data were collected at the R.R. Foil Plant Science Research Center, Mississippi State, MS. Data recorded were the number of mainstem nodes, plant height, and number of fruiting branch nodes on fruiting branches originating from mainstem nodes eight and nine, and fruiting branch length to the nearest half centimeter. Parental and the first filial generations were not segregated, so measurements were made on ten representative plants. However, in the F2 and backcross generations, each plant was measured and recorded (ignoring end plants and damaged plants). Discrete phenotypic traits for leaf color and leaf shape were present in two parental lines and segregated as previously reported patterns. Thus, these populations were useful for genetic studies of plant architecture. The Cockerham formula data suggested that one to three genes were responsible for the variation in all plant architecture measurements across all generation mean analysis experiments. Specifically, the data supported two or three gene models with non-allelic gene interaction, which expressed phenotypically in an additive manner, were responsible for plant height and mean fruiting branch node length in each cross. However, epistatic interactions were responsible for branch breadth or branch breadth components of mean internode lengths or number of nodes present in the half diallel experiment
Exploring the use of a Random Forest in correcting GFS Tropical Cyclone landfall errors
No full textWhile Tropical Cyclone (TC) track forecasting has improved over the years it has been slow. These improvements can be attributed to increased computer capability and better model inputs. Machine learning has been used for forecasting different TC track and intensity. The study here looks to use a Random Forest to predict the TC latitude/longitude “landfall” at 72-hr and quantify improvements to the GFS forecast. Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the meteorological variables. Stepwise regression was used to determine the principal components that were important for forecasting landfall. These variables were then tested with a multivariate linear regression model as the control and then random forest in both training and testing sets of data. While there was not improvement to the GFS in the landfall position, there was improvement found with both methods tested here against another study that forecasted TC track error at 72 hours
Charleston High School, Charleston, Mississippi
No full textA black and white illustration of the three story Charleston High School in Charleston, Mississippi is featured on this postcard. An early twentieth century automobile is pictured parked to the right of the school building and short trees are seen to the left and behind the building. The title of the card is printed in black along the bottom edge of the card.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/mss-lampton-images-ms-delta/1357/thumbnail.jp