Jozac Publishers [JP] (former JFP Publishers) (E-Journals)
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Isesengurampamvu ku Bushakashatsi Bukorwa mu Kinyarwanda: Urugero rwa Kibogora Polytechnic
Full text linkUbu bushakashatsi bwiswe “Isesengurampamvu ku Bushakashatsi Bukorwa mu Kinyarwanda: Urugero rwa Kibogora Polytechnic bushingiye ku ntego yo gusesengura impamvu zituma abanyeshuri bahitamo gukora ubushakashatsi mu ndimi z’amahanga kandi bigira kubona Impamyabushobozi mu Cyongereza n’Ikinyarwanda n’Uburezi. Iyi nyigo igamije gutanga umusanzu mu kurushaho kunoza imyigishirize y’Ikinyarwanda ndetse no gutanga inama ku bantu batinya gukora ubushakashatsi mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. Uburyo nyamubaro ni bwo bwakoreshejwe mu gukusanya amakuru, aho ibibazo byanditse byakoreshejwe nk’igikoresho k’ikusanyamakuru. Amakuru yifashishijwe yatanzwe n’abakeshwamakuru bo mu ishuri rikuru ryigenga rya Kibogora Polytechnic, ryatoranyijwe ku buryo bw’umuhuro. Itsinda nshingirwaho ryari rigabanyije mu byiciro bibiri, aho irya mbere ryari rigizwe n’abanyeshuri 462 bamaze kwandika, aho muri bo hifashishijwe itsinda nkeshwamakuru ringana n’abanyeshuri 51; hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushakana, naho irya kabiri rikaba ryari rigizwe n’abanyeshuri 836 bageze mu myaka ibiri isoza, bitegura kwandika, aho havuyemo itsinda nkeshwamakuru ringana n’abanyeshuri 92. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje impamvu z’ingenzi zituma abanyeshuri batitabira gukora mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda kandi Impamyabushobozi zabo ziba ziriho Icyongereza n’Ikinyarwanda, harimo ibura ry’inyandiko zifashishwa ziri mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, kuba isomo ryo gukora ubushakashatsi ryigishwa mu rurimi rw’amahanga, ubujyanama n’ubwunganizi budahagije, ndetse no kuba hari abemeza ko nubwo baba barahisemo kwiga Ikinyarwanda, kirimo amasomo akomeye nk’ubutinde n’amasaku atavugwaho rumwe n’abantu batandukanye. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga inama yo guhugura abarimu n’abanyeshuri ku byerekeye ubushakashatsi mu Kinyarwanda, bukanagaragaza amuga yakoreshwa mu nyandiko z’ubushakashatsi. Bunagira kandi inama kaminuza zigisha impuzo y’Icyongereza n’Ikinyarwanda, yo gutegura imbumbanyigisho y’ubushakashatsi iri mu Kinyarwanda, ikigishwa mu rwego rwo gufasha abanyeshuri kwisanzura mu rurimi bifuza gukoramo inyandiko zabo z’ubushakashatsi igihe barangiza ikiciro bahererwamo impamyabushobozi
An analysis on the effectiveness of rehabilitation and re-intergration programs in Zimbabwe prison services: A case of Midlands Correctional Centres
Full text linkThe research aimed to explore the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in Zimbabwe prisons and correctional services with case studies of Midlands Correctional Centers. The objectives of the study were to understand the various types of rehabilitation programs offered by Midlands correctional institutions, the challenges faced in ensuring effective rehabilitation programs among correctional institutions in the Midlands and to find possible solutions and strategies to improve rehabilitation thereby reducing the rate of recidivism. The study focused on three prisons and correctional institutions in the Midlands province which are Whawha Medium Prison, Whawha Young Offenders, and Shurugwi Female Prison. For this study, the sample comprised twenty (20) research participants who comprised of correctional rehabilitation officers, inmate’s relatives, former inmates, and serving inmates so as to gain an understanding of the effectiveness of correctional rehabilitation and reintegration programs in the Midlands province. Data was collected through qualitative research using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. The analyzed data revealed that prison and correctional institutions in the Midlands province provide various programs such as academics, Psychosocial support, moral guidance and spiritual support, and sports and recreation. The research indicated that correctional institutions suffer from a shortage of rehabilitation officers, a lack of proper funding, and shortage of academic books for the institution’s academic section, and negative attitudes from prison officers and other members of the public. The findings of the study will guide in reshaping policies to improve rehabilitation and reintegration efforts in the prison and correctional setting
Automatic marking of descriptive questions of online examinations using NLP
Full text linkOnline examinations are increasingly being integrated into universities using low-level questions on Bloom\u27s taxonomy such as True-False and Multiple-Choice questions. Unfortunately, the summative assessments in Tanzania rely on descriptive questions that are higher in Bloom Taxonomy which are not easily marked by computers. To achieve a true online examination in Tanzania a system that can mark descriptive questions is necessary. This paper presents a Natural Language Processing (NLP) Technique employing Cosine Similarity that can automatically mark descriptive questions without human intervention. The Cosine Similarity compares between candidate answer and the marking scheme after having them transformed into mathematical vectors by the NLP technique called Term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). Evaluation done by comparing the marking of short answers by NLP-based online exam system and Moodle as well as feedback from the Computer Science students from the Open University of Tanzania who used the NLP based online exam system indicates positive performance. 86% of questions were marked correctly by the NLP system and got a similar score to the one in Moodle. 66% of students to trusted the score returned by the system while only 4% did not trust the score which confirmed the acceptability of Cosine Similarity for marking mark descriptive questions automatically
The impact of ICT on social and ethical behaviour of Zimbabweans: Case of Masvingo Town
Full text linkInformation Communication Technology has brought about a considerable impact on the cultural and social settings of individuals and communities. All individual and societal activities are guided or influenced by technology. The increase in the use of Information Communication Technologies in our societies makes it important to consider social and ethical effects on individuals and societies. The increased amount of information available via the internet has made people proficient in using technology. This resulted in significant concerns over individuals’ privacy. The use of Information Communication Technologies has affected society by changing individuals’ jobs, education systems, government systems, and social interactions. This paper identified the societal and ethical behaviour changes attributed to the use of Information Communication Technology; ascertained the type of technology responsible for the changes and recommended measures to be taken to curb negative behaviour changes. The researcher used a mixed methodology and administered questionnaires to 130 people and 10 focus groups of 12 people each in Masvingo town. The research showed that Information Communication Technologies brought positive and negative impacts on the social and ethical behaviour of people across all age groups. This is shown through the percentage of respondents from the data gathered. On the positive side, there is improved communication, quick information access, work efficiency, enhanced social connections, remote work, and education. The negative impacts are culture erosion/dilution, increased social isolation and loneliness, and risk of cyber security and privacy. The researcher recommended user education, user accountability, regulation enforcement, implementing user controls, and promoting positive online behaviour
Examining university students’ English language loud reading fluency rate in Tanzania
Full text linkReading rate is one of the important components of fluency and an indicator of comprehension. This paper is in the area of reading fluency, examining reading rate among university students in Tanzania. A total sample of 311 first-year students was involved in the study, with males constituting 49.83% and females 50.16%. These participants were sampled from the Muslim University of Morogoro, the University of Dodoma, and the University of Dar es Salaam. The study adopted Competency-Based Measurement (CBM) to determine student’s reading fluency rate, where each participant read aloud a given passage. The assessment was compared against 300 words per minute (WPM), the benchmark adopted in the study as proposed by Hasbrouck and Tindal. On average, the students read at a rate of 112 wpm with a standard deviation of 22.6. This means that the students are significantly below the standard rate. This situation is probably because students did not receive adequate training in English reading skills during their elementary levels. Reading rate is usually linked with comprehension; therefore, if they still struggle with reading speed, they are likely to face challenges in understanding complex texts, which are common at the university level
Antidermatophytic activity of garlic (Allium Sativum) extract on dermatophytes isolated from children of Katsina-Ala Local Government Area, Benue State
Full text linkForty related species of fungi belonging to the dermatophytic genus, such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton, have been discovered by studies as possible etiological agents of dermatophytosis. The Antidermatophytic activity of methanolic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) was investigated against isolates of dermatophytes obtained from fifty primary school children in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State. Garlic extracts were obtained using the cold maceration method, and the isolates were obtained using standard microbiological methods. The isolated organisms were Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton species. The zones of inhibition obtained were recorded in mean ± standard deviation of duplicate values. Trychophytum sp exhibited a mean value of 15.50±0.71, Epidermophytum sp had 9.00±0.00, while Microsporum sp had 10.50±0.71, all at 50mg respectively. At 100mg, the mean zones of inhibition were 20.50±2.12 on Trychophytum sp, 15.50±0.71 on Epidermophytum sp, and 14.50±2.12 on Microsporum sp. Finally, the mean zones of inhibition at 200mg were 31.00±1.41 on Trychophytum sp, 18.00±0.00 on Epidermophytum sp, and 17.50±0.71 on Microsporum sp. The MIC was 50mg each. The findings of this study showed that the extracts of garlic had a marked significance in inhibiting the test organisms. As the findings of this study compared favourably with previous studies on antifungal activity of garlic, the plant might be a promising source of drugs for the treatment of dermatophytic infections
Demographic determinants of reproductive health outcomes affecting teenagers in Momba District, Tanzania
Full text linkTeen pregnancy poses a serious public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, impacting the physical, educational, and socio-economic futures of young women. This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic factors influencing pregnancy status and outcomes among adolescents in Momba District, Songwe Region. Backed up by the Social learning and Ecogical system theories a cross-sectional survey involving 349 teens aged 13 to 19 who were currently pregnant or had at least one child was conducted using semi-structured surveys. Purposive sampling was used to select most affected Wards that was followed by a random sampling technique that was adopted to select the respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS to get descriptives and Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between key variables. The study found that majority (55.2%) of teen mothers were between 15 to 17 years of age, and most of them had secondary education (55.6%). Of all the respondents, 43.3% reported to be divorced and 41.6% reported to be married. 97.7% were unemployed. Age was found to be moderate negatively correlated with both current pregnancy status (r = -0.335) and previous outcomes (r = -0.529). Higher educational attainment was positively correlated with current pregnancy status (r = 0.306) and past outcomes (r = 0.443). Marital status significantly affected previous pregnancy outcomes (r = 0.448), while employment status influenced earlier outcomes only. It is concluded that teen pregnancy is influence by the interplay between various socio-economic factors such as age, level of education, marital and employment status. Thus, teenager need to be empowered to make informed choices about sexual health
ChatGPT\u27s role in English language assessment: A systematic literature review
Full text linkDue to the fast-phasing technological advancements, integrating generative artificial intelligence such as Open AI’s ChatGPT into language teaching has been a topic for several studies. Considering this, the present study intended to synthesize the general findings of different studies that are focused on documenting the role of ChatGPT in English language assessment. This paper utilized a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to address the primary objective of this study. The studies analyzed in this SLR were all gathered from Google Scholar. The researcher has used the keywords “ChatGPT”, “English Language Assessment”, and “ChatGPT in English Language Assessment” and collected the studies which are published in the years 2023 and 2024. The findings of this SLR revealed that ChatGPT brings convenience to both language teachers and students in terms of language assessment by providing personalized feedback and assistance in the formulation and administration of formative and summative assessments. However, these roles pose a threat to the authenticity of the students’ language outputs. These results make it safe to infer that there is a need for the development of guidelines about the integration of ChatGPT in language learning
The fluidity of life in the art piece ‘Let it go’: Capturing the essence through movement and texture
Full text linkThe study addressed the importance of movement and texture in postcolonial art and examined the connections between literary elements and personal experiences, as well as cultural belonging through reconsidering both the canonical and the avant-garde practices of the twentieth century art. It aimed at showing how there is a reflection of the dynamism in the aspect of life by these factors within a Ghanaian existence narrative of arts. The conceptual work “Let it go” is primarily based on the concepts of liberty and mobility, and the meaning of grains in the wood and metal as the tendency of the life while the changes happen around. Thus, the work reproduces this slight fluidity in the creation of contexts within which the materiality of a thing can be felt to have its own freedom. Silver has a crucial function in this creation first though surface reticulation that involved making use of heat to master an emotive metallic sheen. Some of the movement explorations are conducted through anticlastic and synclastic forming wherein the curves go in two different and the same directions respectively. This aspect reveals even more the yin-yang duality which is the nature of life itself- the dynamics of our existence in work and play.
A review of policy frameworks and its influence in Community Economic Development in Tanzania
Full text linkThis research reviews Tanzania’s Community and Economic Development (CED) policy frameworks from 1998 to 2024, with particular attention to their contribution to inclusive, community-centered economic growth. Employing a documentary analysis approach, evidence was drawn from peer-reviewed studies, government documents, and grey literature obtained from sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, UNDP reports, and official publications. The analysis is informed by Decentralization Theory, which highlights how transferring authority to local governments enhances responsiveness and governance, and Participatory Development Theory, which underscores the value of direct community involvement in planning and implementation for sustainable outcomes. Reported achievements include rural infrastructure development, support for trade, job creation through SME programs, and greater participation of women in community initiatives. Nonetheless, persistent barriers such as delayed funding, weak coordination across sectors, and limited local capacities continue to restrict equitable development. Key research gaps remain in understanding how decentralization, empowerment, and economic strategies interact, along with their long-term effects on poverty reduction, employment, youth, and rural livelihoods. The study concludes by recommending stronger local institutional capacity, investment in digital infrastructure, and integrated policy measures to align CED efforts with Tanzania’s Vision 2050 and the Sustainable Development Goals