滋賀県立大学「学術情報機関リポジトリ
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学生の主体性を育てる教育における看護教員の経験に関する文献検討
Get PDF看護基礎教育において，学生の主体性を育てる教育を行うことが難しい現状にある．そのような
中，看護教員は日々の教育場面において，試行錯誤しながらも学生の主体性を育てるためにさまざまな
経験をしていることが予測される．そこで，学生の主体性を育てる教育における看護教員の経験に関す
る研究の動向を明らかにすることを目的に文献検討を行った．その結果，看護教員は日々の講義や演習
において，学生の主体性促進を意図としたさまざまな教育方法や活動を行っており，その教育効果は明
らかになっていた．また経験年数にかかわらず，看護教育に対する自信がやりがいにつながっていた．
特に教員の経験年数長期群（6.2 年以上）は，主体的に業務を担い遂行することがやりがいにつながっ
ていた．一方，看護教員が感じているストレス要因は，学生への対応や主体性を育てる指導などの教育
方法であることが明らかにされていた．しかしながら，臨地実習において学生の主体性促進を意図した
教育方法やその効果，さらに，学生の主体性を育てるための教育に伴う看護教員の経験について焦点を
当てた研究はほとんどないことが明らかになった
Community actions against anticommons of forests in contemporary Japan: case studies of former common forests
Get PDFOver the past few decades, many Japanese forest owners and communities have suffered from the outcomes of anticommons (parcelization) phenomenon. Since the Edo Era (17th through 19th centuries), many Japanese commons forests have been subdivided and placed under private ownership. Individual owners of the subdivided small forests (carved out from former commons forests) have lost interest in forestry, resulting in unclear borders. Many owners have relocated outside the villages (absent owners) and/or have passed the land down through generations, resulting in unknown ownership. There are several ways to ameliorate the anticommons phenomenon in Japan, as illustrated by these examples, which we examined employing case study and comparative study approaches. 1) Despite the expense, a residents’ association successfully re-appropriated co-ownership land by “technically” suing the current respective co-owners. 2) Some residents’ associations collectively manage subdivided forests as one unit to reduce the damage caused by animals such as wild boars or deer. However, the units are still legally separate and owned by individuals. 3) A land owners’ association stipulated that a vacating resident owner must sell her forest to the remaining residents. These three cases show how motivations, other than profits, could help address the anticommons phenomenon. These motivations include the intent to keep the community’s holding intact in the event of consolidation at the municipality level, to protect the land against pest animals, and to keep the community’s drinking water pure
