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España y Estados Unidos: Las publicidades y la desnudez en la televisión
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to explore the use of the female body in the advertising of the U.S. and Spain. To understand the difference between the two countries, I have decided to take a step back in history and look at historical moments that have possibly influenced the way advertisers use a naked woman\u27s body: the dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain and the colonialism of the Puritans in the U.S. Next, I examine the representation of the female body and ways in which this has developed through the years in advertising, starting from the 1920s until the present. After analyzing my findings, I draw my conclusions determining that Spain makes more use of the female body in their advertising, whether on television or in printed media, with the intention of selling products, while the United States censures such images, prioritizing prudishness. This article is in Spanish
Taking Action Together (TAT): An annual, intersectional, peer-based sex education program
Get PDFCollege students are at high risk for experiencing sexual violence. Living without parents, lack of understanding of consent, new relationships, high stress, and experimenting with drugs and alcohol are some factors that increase the risk of sexual violence among college students. Pacific University has existing prevention programs aimed to decrease the incidence of sexual violence, but existing workshops only target first year students and athletes. There is a gap for students who don’t fit in either category. Post-test surveys from these existing prevention programs shows that students favor peer-led workshops. Other sexual violence prevention programs report the benefits of peer-education and find that students need information repeated to them to retain new information. New research involving intersectionality in health education programs report higher student involvement within workshops and improve education around varying identities. Using an intersectional model, TAT aims to reduce the incidence of sexual violence among undergraduate Pacific University students through a multi-year, peer-based education program. Pacific University undergraduate students will be required to attend this program each school year to improve retention rates of the material. TAT will educate on topics of sexual violence prevention, healthy relationships, consent, root causes, bystander intervention, and available resources. As a result of this program, we foresee a 30% decrease in sexual violence incidence and a 40% increase in student’s self-efficacy by believing that they can successfully intervene in a potentially dangerous situation
“Mi amparo y Fortaleza”: Seeing Psalms through a Trans-Iberian Worldview in Espejo fiel de vidas (Life’s True Mirror)
Get PDFThis article studies Espejo fiel de vidas (Life’s True Mirror, 1720) of Daniel Israel López Laguna as an example of Baroque Spanish poetry that reworks the book of Psalms for an audience that like the author were conversos, or New Christians, that is, Spanish and Portuguese Catholics of Jewish origin and their descendants. Likewise, it studies the geographic and spiritual journey of one such Iberian New Christian through the Hispano-Portuguese Jewish diaspora who became a practicing Jew upon settling in Jamaica. Besides showing elements of this journey in López Laguna’s paraphrase of Psalms, the article explores how the poet incorporates features of Golden Age Baroque Spanish into his text. As a result, it positions López Laguna as a Jewish and Spanish author in ways that never seem incongruous, despite the exclusion of Jews from Spain and Portugal during the two centuries before he wrote the poem. Our analysis of specific passages of Espejo fiel de vidas shows how López Laguna navigates a hybrid worldview reflective of his years living first as a New Christian and subsequently as a “New Jew.” The following pages accompany the poet on this journey by situating Espejo fiel within his lived experiences; connecting the poem to trends of converso and Baroque Spanish literature; and discussing how the spiritual wandering, or peregrinaje, and Inquisitorial consciousness that permeate the text represent the converso condition
What Do We Say to the God of Death?: Examining the Modern Relevance of Chaucer’s “The Pardoner’s Tale”
Get PDFThis article investigates the contemporary implications of Geoffrey Chaucer’s “The Pardoner’s Tale,” focusing specifically on the parallels between the character of the Pardoner and modern-day charlatans within the Christian community. By exploring the concept of the medieval pardoner in English society, and Chaucer’s decision to include such a character in his Canterbury Tales, a larger narrative emerges that calls into question those who make blind appeals to faith during times of crisis, such as a global pandemic. Examining the descriptions of Chaucer’s Pardoner reveals a character steeped in sarcasm, fraudulence, and deceit who seems to cut against the grain of an anthology of tales that follows a group of Christians on a pilgrimage to a religious site. The entire work of The Canterbury Tales in many ways represents a “memento mori,” or a reminder that we all must die, and suggests through a collection of stories from a diverse group of pilgrims that death is the great equalizer of human beings. The Pardoner’s inherent threat to this equalizing property of death reveals a dark side of the Christian faith, and a space that Christianity holds for charlatans to enter, charlatans who peddle in false promises, and sell God as a means to cheat death. This space, of course, still exists today, though the charlatans who occupy it have taken new names. Where once stood Chaucer’s Pardoner, televangelists and mega-churches have taken his place, while relics and pardons becoming tithes and “The Prosperity Gospel.
The Slippery Slope: A Connection Between Smoking and Drug Attitudes
Get PDFThis research investigated how an individual’s self-reported smoking status between the ages of 15 and 25 relates to an individual’s current attitude on recreational drug use. Participants responded to an online survey asking about their opinions of the wrongness of drug use in six categories. The group of participants who identified as a smoker between the ages of 15 and 25 has a significantly higher score than the group of participants who identified as a non-smoker during the same ages. The mean score for those who identified as a smoker (n=65) was 14.27. The mean score for those who identified as a non-smoker (n=67) was 10.57. There was a significant difference between the smokers and non-smokers, t(130) = 3.46, p \u3c .05. This difference indicates smokers have a more accepting attitude regarding drug use than non-smokers
The Role of Personal Identity in Medically Defining and Determining Death
Get PDFThe current dilemma regarding the definition and determination of death directly arises from advancements in medical technology and worldwide organ shortage. As a fundamentally biological phenomenon, many consider the philosophical concept of personhood important to society, but irrelevant to the medical/legal definition of death. By providing a brief history of death and assessing the plausibility of various accounts of personal identity, I argue the hylomorphic account of personal identity not only relevant to defining death biologically, but necessary to retaining moral agency
Co-authoring Speech Genres: A Bakhtinian Approach to Mutually Recognitive Dialogue
Get PDFIn his theory of communicative action, Habermas posits that language is a fundamentally intersubjective tool used for the activity of reaching mutual understanding. Interlocutors assume the freedom to question claims made in discourse and use reason to achieve communicative power together. Thus language in itself forms the drive mechanism of successful discourse—that is, only by presupposing the ability of other subjects to take language as an alterable, reason-based, and empowering tool is mutually recognitive dialogue possible. However, beyond these basic presuppositions, speakers maintain, I argue, an acute appreciation for the particular ways of speaking—what Bakhtin termed “speech genres”—at work in conversation. It is my position that sensitivity to the influence that speech genre choices have on the subjectivities in dialogue poses the subject as ethically responsible for the co-creation of ways of speaking that are more or less enabling for interlocutors in context. While speakers use the norms of communication in different social and institutional spheres to inform their choice of utterance, these norms depend as well on changing, contextualized patterns of speech. Thus the subject takes an active stance in dialogue: communicative freedom allows the subject a bearing in the utterance act as a re-articulator of speech genre, as one who can therefore influence generic norms
Greatest Difficulty Argument in Plato’s Parmenides 133c-134c
Get PDFThis paper will offer a five-step interpretation of the Greatest Difficulty Argument (GDA) in Plato’s Parmenides (133c-134c). I agree with Sandra Peterson that Plato presents two arguments in the GDA (the active argument up to 134b6 and the passive argument following). However I will argue that Peterson’s interpretation of the passive argument relies on an unintuitive premise. I will present a modified passive argument that is not dependent on the unintuitive premise. I will lastly present an interpretation of 134b12 so that it contributes to both the active and passive routes
Juxtaposing Longino’s “Equality of Intellectual Authority” with Her “Shared Standards”
Get PDFHelen Longino has proposed four criteria that can objectively criticize the background beliefs and assumptions in the development of scientific theories. She deduces that the criteria - ‘recognized avenues for criticism,’ ‘shared standards,’ ‘community response’ and ‘equality of intellectual authority’ - are mutually dependent. Using the assumption that the acceptance of more than one scientific approach is possible only if an individual is educated in a non-standard background, and is given intellectual authority which, in turn, refutes the idea of standardization in science, I argue that her assertion is contradictory. One of her criterion ‘shared standards’ implicitly nullifies the attempt to embrace points of view from various other perspectives, based on the difference of cultures and intellectual backgrounds - ‘equality of intellectual authority’ in the scientific community
Motivating a Terminological Clarification in the Account of Representation Between Computational and Dynamical Paradigms
Get PDFDebate in philosophy of cognition between computatationalists and dynamists often are found to be taking past one another. This is largely due to inconsistency within the dynamic camp regarding whether or not there are representations; and for those that do affirm them, clarifying how a representation is to be conceived and used under a dynamical system paradigm. Having been equipped with an understanding of a dynamic conception of representation may prove resourceful for giving a dynamic account for cognitive tasks in a ‘representation-hungry’ problem domain, largely thought only to be explained through a computational cognitive model