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Menstrual Cycle Phase Effects on Exercise Thermoregulation and Performance in the Heat
Full text linkHormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle (MC) may influence physiological responses. This study examined whether thermoregulatory measures differ across MC phases, and if these changes impact running performance in the heat. Ten eumenorrheic adults completed two treadmill runs in simulated conditions (wet bulb globe temperature 31.7 ± 1.4°C) during early follicular (EF) and midluteal (ML) phases. First 45min was a constant self-selected light pace followed by a 15min performance test for distance. Core temperature (Tc), mean skin temperature (Ts), heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal perception (THERM), and comfort perception (COMF) were assessed every 5min. Sweat perception (SP), sweat loss (SL), fluid consumption, session RPE/THERM/COMF, and distance covered (DIST) were measured at completion. Serum samples were assayed for estrogen and progesterone to confirm MC phases. Phase × time ANOVA assessed physiological and perceptual measures. Paired t-tests assessed phase differences in session RPE/THERM/COMF, SP, SL, and DIST. Results indicated that Tc, Ts, HR, RPE, THERM, and COMF showed main effect of time (p \u3c 0.001 for all), while only HR showed main effect of phase (p = 0.022, ηp2 = 0.50). COMF showed a phase-time interaction (p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.19). Tc was higher during ML at baseline and across the bout despite no main effect of phase (p \u3e 0.05). No differences were observed for SP, SL, fluid intake, session perceptions, or DIST (EF: 1.69 ± 0.28mi, ML: 1.69 ± 0.35mi) (p \u3e 0.05 for all). Overall, Tc, HR and COMF are elevated in ML, with perceived discomfort becoming more pronounced across time, but do not influence exercise performance in the heat. Athletes may continue to exercise per usual without concern of phase effects
Fangs and Phantasms: Vampire Fiction\u27s Role in Shaping Victorian Gender and Sexual Ideals
No full textThis thesis examines how Christabel (1816), Carmilla (1872), and Dracula (1897), three quintessential texts in the vampire literary genre, speak to the Victorian proliferation of sexual and gender discourses. These texts use the metaphor of the vampire to contradict and sustain 19th-century regulatory dialogues encompassing sexuality, gender, and desire. By investigating these vampire narratives by means of theories of sexuality and gender enumerated in Michel Foucault\u27s The History of Sexuality and Judith Butler\u27s Gender Trouble, such as the ideas of “biopower” and “gender performativity,” I contend that these works do more than simply reproduce contemporary outlooks. Instead, these Gothic texts catalyze the assembly and propagation of sexual knowledge, thereby concurrently strengthening and undermining gender and sexual power dynamics. As supernatural Gothic fiction, Christabel, Carmilla, and Dracula create an exceptional discursive space where marginalized subjectivities can be enacted, representing how vampire fiction contributes to the formation of new subjectivities and deconstructs institutionally rooted ideas about gender and sexuality in Victorian Britain. These works instantaneously maintain and threaten the period’s gender and sexual norms via their persistent use of three key features: the polymorphous, fluid vampire body that destabilizes Victorian gender codes; the reversal of traditional power dynamics in intimate relationships; and the depiction of same-sex desires that contest the heteronormative paradigm
HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AHTANUM ALLUVIAL FAN FOR MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE, YAKIMA BASIN, WASHINGTON
No full textOverallocation of water resources in the Yakima River Basin, central Washington, has prompted investigation into facilitated aquifer recharge to enhance water supply during drought as part of the Yakima Basin Integrated Plan (YBIP). This study evaluates and characterizes the recharge potential of the Ahtanum Creek alluvial fan within the lower Ahtanum Sub-Basin by integrating geologic, hydraulic, and geochemical data.
Four main hydrogeologic units (unconsolidated, semi-consolidated, consolidated basin-fill deposits, and Columbia River Basalt aquifers) were identified from stratigraphic analysis of well logs across seven transects spanning the active fan and abandoned alluvial terrace portions of the alluvial fan study area. Stable isotope (δ¹⁸O, δD) and major ion analyses of 25 groundwater and 8 surface-water samples defined six hydrochemical groups exhibiting varying degrees of surface-water and groundwater interactions.
Groups A, B, D, and E show heavy to moderate isotopic and nitrate (NO₃⁻) signatures indicative of surface-water recharge, while Groups C and F display isotopically lighter and chemically evolved chemistries, suggesting minimal recharge. Group A, located in the active floodplain, is associated with highly transmissive unconsolidated to semi-consolidated units and well-drained soils, supporting both rapid infiltration and long-term storage. Groups B and D, in semi-consolidated and consolidated units along the well-drained soils along the anticlinal ridges, and offer moderate infiltration and extended retention potential. Group E, near the fan apex in shallow fractured basalt units overlain by excessively drained soils, presents characteristics suitable for distribution of flow and long term storage.
Group C, located in the mid-to-downstream sections of the active alluvial fan, includes consolidated aquifer units overlain by poorly drained soils, with minimal recharge from surface waters. Group F includes wells in two deep, sedimentary interbeds within the Columbia River Basalt flows in the upstream reaches of the abandoned alluvial terrace. Both C and E present opportunities for long-term storage through alternative recharge applications.
These findings highlight the upstream reaches of the active fan and the mid-fan aquifer units along the northern and southern slopes of the anticlinal ridges as optimal regions for surface-water infiltration recharge, while deeper consolidated units are more appropriate for long-term groundwater storage
Central Washington University 2025-2026 University Catalog
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/catalogs/1293/thumbnail.jp
Focus Group Interview: Perspectives of Virtual Dietary Counseling Method’s Post COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textProject Mentor(s): Nicole Stendell-Hollis, PhD; Tafere Belay, PhD; Katy Williams; Jessica Tyrrell
The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions related to different delivery methods of dietary counseling. This qualitative research study will examine the perceptions related to different methods of dietary counseling (telephone calls, video calls, or face-to-face visits). Focus group one contained provider participants (N = 7), which were all RDNs and focus group two hosted patient participants (N = 6). Semi structured interviews were performed asking subjects about any personal experiences related to receiving or providing nutrition education, positive or negative, as they participated in telehealth. Researchers analyzed data through detailed observation and familiarization of transcripts through manual thematic analysis. Following the thematic analysis, three main themes were discovered: the adaptability of telehealth, nuanced perceptions of telehealth, and barriers to effective virtual care. Telehealth as a dietary counseling method is complex and offers a combination of strengths and weaknesses. For the improvement of nutritional care via telehealth, future research should assess the importance of specific applications and developing formal procedures related to virtual care
Optimizing Cybersecurity Through AI Predictive Analytics and Human Expertise
No full textProject Mentor(s): Hideki Takei, DBA
As cybersecurity threats evolve in complexity and scale, the reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent across both public and private sectors. This study examines the dual role of AI-driven predictive analytics in strengthening organizational cybersecurity, while addressing the ongoing need for human oversight. Through a mixed-method approach, combining survey data from cybersecurity professionals with an extensive literature review, this research analyzes AI\u27s capacity to detect emerging threats, the systemic challenges associated with AI integration, and the indispensable role of human expertise in interpreting AI outputs. Findings indicate that while AI enhances proactive threat detection, its efficacy is limited by false positives, system incompatibility, and skill gaps within existing cybersecurity teams. This paper proposes the AI-Cybersecurity Optimization Framework (AICOF)as a strategic model to guide organizations in harmonizing automation and human expertise, fostering a more resilient cybersecurity posture. The findings underscore the importance of continuous learning, ethical oversight, and cross-disciplinary collaboration in ensuring the long-term success of AI adoption in cybersecurity. Presentation recording available in the SOURCE 2025 playlist: https://www.youtube.com/@cwusource551
The Challenge of Achieving Attributability in Multilingual Table-to-Text Generation with Question-Answer Blueprints
No full textGenerating faithful text descriptions from data tables is a significant challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially for the world’s many low-resource languages. This paper investigates whether Question-Answer (QA) blueprints—an intermediate planning step where a model first asks and answers questions about the data—can improve the factual accuracy of multilingual table-to-text generation. This novel approach is tested on the TaTA dataset, which includes several African languages, by finetuning models with and without these blueprints.
The results show a key distinction: while the QA blueprint method improves performance for English-only models, these gains disappear in the multilingual setting. This paper’s analysis reveals two primary reasons for this failure: 1) errors are introduced when machine-translating the blueprints from English into other languages, and 2) the models struggle to adhere to the plans they generated.
The main contribution of this research is a detailed diagnosis of the challenges of applying QA blueprints to this task. By pinpointing these specific challenges, this research provides valuable insights for the field, demonstrating that advanced techniques require more than simple translation and suggesting that future work should explore strategies like constrained decoding to enforce blueprint adherence
LET’S GET GEOPHYSICAL!: HOW NUKAUNLTH VILLAGE (45PC19) REFLECTS IN COMPARATIVE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYING; A STUDY COMPLETED IN TOKELAND, WASHINGTON
No full textA relatively low number of recorded archaeological sites are documented in the southwest corner of Washington State. Of the sites documented, a majority are ground surface recordings, and many have been submerged due to coseismic land-level change. The submergence of sites requires a different method of investigation for cultural resources. This research aims to test the ability of two geophysical techniques (ground penetrating radar and magnetometry) to perform archaeological fieldwork near tidal zones. Results showed that geophysical investigations can be used to guide archaeological investigations. The study identified multiple high-amplitude features and features with high magnetic intensity, and after field testing these areas, several cultural features within NUkanlɬ Village (45PC19) were confirmed. Lastly, 45PC19 was originally recorded in 1947 as being in poor condition. Results from the geophyics indicate that while the surface may have been, disturbed the subsurface is rich with cultural content and contains a large potential for future research
UNCOVERING PROVENANCE IN NORTH AMERICAN NORTHWEST COAST HARPOON TECHNOLOGIES
No full textThe dissociation of material culture from their creator communities is one of the greatest threats to their well-being and care in museum collections. This study addresses this problem by working with descendant communities to establish a collaborative model for uncovering data from avocational harpoon collections held at the Olympic National Park repository. The model utilizes an approach based on curation history, ethnographic review and a comparative analysis with partnering tribal collections and select harpoon typologies. The data re-establishes the creator community of origin by identifying similarities in the museum collection to those known from the archaeological and ethnographic records near modern descendant communities. While precise provenience may have been lost for these collections, the general geographic provenience permits connection to descendant communities living on the Olympic Peninsula today
LITHIC USE-WEAR ANALYSIS OF 45KI00263, KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON
No full textA technological and functional paradigmatic classification was applied to a sample of 210 lithic artifacts from the late-Holocene (550-300 cal BP) archaeological site 45KI00263 in King County, Washington. This research aimed to quantify functional variability within the lithic assemblage and investigate how such results compare to past interpretations of the site. Despite being near the location of an ethnographic village and being referred to as a village, or multifunctional space, in literature (Kopperl et al. 2016), past analyses of the 45KI00263 assemblage could not confirm that the site held the characteristics typically associated with village sites (such as a diverse lithic assemblage and residential structures) (Schumacher and Burns 2005). The present analysis investigated use wear attributes within the lithic assemblage by generating a data set of mutually exclusive functional classes. A variety of diversity measures were applied to the data set. Diversity measures were then compared to other sites to ascertain relative levels of functional diversity, which allowed for inferences to be made regarding the range of variability in activities that occurred within the site. Results indicate that the functional class assemblage of 45KI00263 is rich and diverse. Values of diversity for 45KI00263 exceed those of other sites that have been referred to in literature as residential base camps. Because of low sample sizes and the sites that were compared to differ from 45KI00263 in environmental and temporal context, these comparisons are tentative. However, diversity measured within the 45KI00263 assemblage reflects a high degree of variation in the motions and material interactions that created wear on stone tools. Therefore, it can be reasonably concluded the stone tool assemblage is consistent with a multifunctional space like a village or long-term camp despite the lack of residential features