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Symposium on American Values
No full textA group of people listening to a talk in the library during the 2nd Symposium on American Values, April 24-27, 1963.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/john_foster_photos/4187/thumbnail.jp
Ethel Craven Sweet Video Interview
No full textEther Craven Sweet shares about growing up in Roslyn, Washington during the boom times of coal mining there. She also talks about her life after leaving Roslyn and her career, husbands, and various jobs. She explains about how she became interested in history and how her family brought back the Black Pioneers picnic in 1978. She also discusses the floats the Black Pioneers group had in parades around the state for many years. She mentions her current work volunteering at a senior center.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/rrcehc_interviews/1016/thumbnail.jp
Ballistic Experiments with a Sample of 3-D Printed Columbia Plateau Projectile Point Types
Get PDFRecent advances in 3-D scanning and printing offer the means for experimental archaeologists to utilize reproductions of artifacts for analysis and interpretation. In this case study I accurately reproduce a sample of Columbia Plateau projectile points, measure their ballistic properties with an experimental approach, and test the effectiveness and function of point types representing different time periods. Eight morphologically distinct projectile points were 3-D scanned, printed, and test fired into a clay target. Velocity, kinetic energy, momentum, penetration, and wound channel size were measured. Results indicate all eight arrow mounted point types were suitable for small to medium game. Variations in the performance of tested point types most likely indicate differences in intended prey, delivery system strength, and/or hunting strategy. Performance across time periods was variable; however, measured variables represent general improvement in effectiveness over time. Techniques for 3-D scanning and printing replicas in aluminum proved to be an economical and practical technique for testing replica artifacts. Results suggest that replicas should be utilized in future experimental testing of point performance and effectiveness
EFFECT OF SOIL TRANSPLANTATION ON FUNGAL COMMUNITIES DURING RESTORATION
Get PDFEctomycorrhizal fungi are integral parts of natural ecological systems that provide access to nutrients that would otherwise be unavailable by forming symbiotic relationships with plants. Relationships with ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to improve plant growth rate, increase plant resistance to pathogens, and improve survival. Current revegetation practices often ignore this relationship between fungi and plants. During the revegetation of the Interstate 90 Keechelus Lake wildlife overcrossing (Easton, WA), soil from forest sites adjacent to the restoration area were collected and used to inoculate a set of experimental plots to determine whether ectomycorrhizal fungi would become established in the plots and if presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi would enhance of survivorship of plants used for revegetation. Each plot was centered on a plant known to have ectomycorrhizal associations. We assessed the establishment of ectomycorrhizal communities by comparing 125 soil DNA samples from the experimental and control plots to the adjacent forested areas using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 region. Fungal communities in the overcrossing post-revegetation were compared to a previous study that examined the nurseries and overcrossing soil from before revegetation. We monitored plant survival and soil temperature/moisture within the control and experimental plots over a two-year period after revegetation. Ectomycorrhizal composition found in pre- and post-inoculation sites were notably different, as were those found in the nurseries and post-inoculation soils. Fungal communities in the inoculated and control sites were not found to be different. Despite a higher diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi present post-inoculation, we found that plant survival was not significantly impacted by inoculation. 61.5% of plants survived to the end of the study with a 24.8% decrease in survival between June 2nd 2022 and October 23rd 2022. This time period had higher soil temperatures than the previous year and drought conditions
Zooarchaeology of the Grissom Site (45KT301), Kittitas Valley, Washington
Get PDFThe Grissom site of central Washington was excavated 1967-71 by students and faculty from Central Washington State College. The site may represent a portion of a large, springtime intertribal gathering near Kittitas known as Che-lo-han, which involved camas root gathering, tribal councils, and social activities. Extensive radiocarbon dating places occupation ~1810-130 BP, based on 20 of 21 radiocarbon dates, with some stratigraphic mixing. Site materials have been subject to several previous studies, including a 2018 undergraduate pilot study by the author. Other fauna have not been reported outside of a 2012 fish analysis by Lubinski and Partlow. In consultation with Pat Lubinski, I completed a taxonomic and taphonomic analysis of 3,360 specimens, randomly selected from 1/4” screened samples below the depth of historic artifacts. My analysis shows fauna dominated by large ungulates such as deer, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and elk. Duck, grouse, salmon, rabbit, marmot, and shellfish are among the other fauna likely consumed at the Grissom Site. The faunal remains were marked by a high degree of fragmentation and burning, indicating likely marrow and grease extraction activities were occurring at the site. Further, the large number of sub-juvenile remains is consistent with a springtime occupation. Results of my analysis were compared to three other analyzed upland faunal assemblages and four from riverine environments. Salmonids were present at most upland and riverine sites (7/8) while artiodactyl were found at all 8 sites. Freshwater mussels were abundant at three of the riverine sites but only one upland site. Compared to all sites, Grissom had one of the most diverse faunal assemblages
Identifying Unexpected Inflammation Resulting from Drug-Drug Interactions
Get PDFAdverse drug events result in nearly 1.3 million emergency room visits per year in the United States of America. As much as 30% of these adverse events are a result of drug-drug interactions (DDI’s). There is a gap in knowledge concerning these DDI outcomes especially when it comes to inflammation. Inflammation is linked to a variety of chronic health conditions and non-infectious diseases such as cancer. Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine how many active drug ingredients from FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), when combined (in groups of two or more), elicit an inflammatory response and if drug pairs were identified as causing inflammation what were the symptoms? Methods: In this study secondary data was analyzed from the publicly available FAERS database. Cases that involved any of the five symptoms of inflammation (swelling, pain, chills, headache, red coloration) ranging from 1980 to August 5, 2022, were retrieved (n= 23,964). Followed by the removal of all cases not reported by healthcare professionals and those that only occurred once (n= 11,957) (See figure 1). Results: The data suggested that all these cases were related to 549 different drugs and 37 different drug combinations. Out of these combinations, three-drug combinations did not contain an active ingredient that elicited an effect alone (See Table 1). Discussion: Sense inflammation is associated with long-term disorders; Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Betamethasone Acetate which are used to treat long-term disorders, may lead to cancer
Postpartum Depression and the Availability of Support Resources in the Era of COVID-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic dramatically influenced women’s experience of pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum phase. New research shows rates of postpartum depression were higher than typical during the pandemic. This study expands on existing research by examining postpartum depression at 12-30 months postpartum and exploring the role of perceptions of access to social support in predicting depressive symptoms.
This survey assessed postpartum women’s perceptions of the availability of supports during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether access to support was associated with experiences of postpartum depression 12-30 months after birth. In total, 242 participants responded to an online survey including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and a researcher-developed measure of access to social support.
Results revealed lower household income and experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) were correlated with women’s reports of postpartum depressive symptoms. Additionally, women’s perceived access to friends and family supports was associated with reports of fewer postpartum depressive symptoms, even when controlling for income and IPV. In addition to reinforcing the necessity of social supports for women before and after birth, this study also adds to the growing research about persistent postpartum depression by evaluating women beyond the traditional 12-month postpartum period. Similarly, the study highlights the importance of continued assessment of exposure to intimate partner violence throughout the postpartum period. In this study women from lower income households reported less access to supports and more depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is important to ensure all women have access to supports to buffer risks associated with postpartum depression. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed
WINDBLOWN SNOW BEDFORMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SNOW WATER CONTENT WENATCHEE RANGE, WASHINGTON
Get PDFABSTRACT
WINDBLOWN SNOW BEDFORMS AND THEIR
EFFECTS ON SNOW WATER CONTENT
WENATCHEE RANGE, WASHINGTON
by
Ryan C. Hampton
June 2023
Windblown snow bedforms (WBSBF) are formations of distinct sizes, shapes, and patterns, resulting from the interaction of wind and snow particles. Due to the extreme nature of the formation of WBSBF, which occur in remote high elevation mountain environments during severe weather events, it makes it difficult to not only study these dramatic formations in real time but also predict their occurrence with any regularity. The purpose of this research was to 1) establish a method to actively monitor WBSBF on Tronsen Ridge Washington in real time winter of 2020-2021; 2) improve the understanding of the life cycles of WBSBF in the Eastern Cascades; and 3) calculate and evaluate the snow water content of WBSBF on Tronsen Ridge and the larger unnamed watershed. Photos taken with the time-lapse camera on site showed plane beds, dunes, snow ripple marks, crag and tails, pits, snow steps, sastrugi, and loose snow patches. WBSBF on Tronsen Ridge follows a distinct pattern of new snow, with WBSBF building and snow movement into Dunes, followed by sintering of the old snow causing snow steps and finally sastrugi, which are then covered by new snow. Ridgetop WBSBF follow a distinct pattern on the leeward side of the ridge lasting well into the early summer. This makes WBSBF a great water storage mechanism with the study area holding 648,700 liters of water at the end of 2020-2021 winter. This means that there is significant potential for WBSBF to be managed as a water storage mechanism on ridgetops
Cannabis Cues and Effects on Social Anxiety
Get PDFPrior research has shown that individuals experiencing social anxiety may use cannabis for self-medication; therefore, the current study evaluated if viewing cannabis cues would reduce feelings of social anxiety. Central Washington University undergraduates enrolled in psychology courses (n = 124; 66.7% female; Mage = 19.8, SDage = 4.7) were shown cannabis cues after viewing expressive facial images that prior research has shown induces feelings of social anxiety. Contrary to prior research, the current study found that emotional faces did not significantly affect state-trait anxiety as measured by the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) but that trait social anxiety served as a significant covariate that did influence state-trait anxiety levels. An analysis of covariance evaluating the effects of state-trait anxiety and exposure to cannabis cues with past cannabis use as a covariate demonstrated a significant effect of state-trait anxiety levels on end-state social anxiety as measured by the Ambiguous Scenario Test for Depression (AST-D). For participants who viewed cannabis-themed cues, those with high state-trait anxiety scores had lower AST-D scores (M = 23.5, SD = 6.9) and, therefore, higher state social anxiety, than did participants who had low state-trait anxiety (M = 26.6, SD = 7.6). Thus, the current findings indicate that state-trait anxiety had a higher impact on end-state social anxiety levels in response to ambiguous social situations than did viewing cannabis-themed cues. In conclusion, trait anxiety and cannabis use did not influence participants’ perceptions of ambiguous social scenarios, but state anxiety and the interaction between state anxiety and cue type did
Lessons as a prevention intern: Eliminating sexual violence through school-based programs
Get PDFEvery 73 seconds another person in America is sexually assaulted. For my senior practicum, I worked at Sexual Assault Resource Center, which provides advocacy and support services, including crisis intervention and counseling, for survivors of sexual violence. My goals for my time with SARC included developing knowledge and skills related to being a trauma therapist, learning about how a nonprofit operates, and gaining an understanding of sex education and sexual violence prevention programs. As a Sexual Assault Advocate and Education and Prevention Intern at SARC, my primary responsibilities involved engaging in community outreach events, delivering educational workshops, and presenting prevention curriculum in schools. As a result of my participation, I became interested in researching school-based prevention strategies and programs aimed at reducing sexual violence, as well as their focus areas, strengths, and limitations. My research and practicum experience reframed the way I viewed prevention work, provided insight into effective prevention strategies, and reminded me of why I believe so strongly in early prevention education to reduce sexual violence