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Leadership Evaluation Paper: Establishing A Culture of Gender Equality in EMS
Full text linkFemale emergency medical services (EMS) providers face gender-based challenges and discrimination in the workplace, leading to higher rates of stress, depression, and anxiety. EMS leadership plays a critical role in shaping the experiences of all first responders, as well as the perpetuation or dismantling of discriminatory practices. Three leadership theories and their practical application for EMS leaders to dismantle gender inequality and promote fair and just treatment of women in the workplace are evaluated: transformational leadership, Path-Goal Theory, and servant leadership. The analysis involves examining professional and cultural factors contributing to gender inequality, utilizing leadership theories to address the issue, and evaluating situational factors influencing EMS leaders. Transformational leadership emphasizes leading by example and uniting individuals toward a common goal. Path-Goal Theory offers clear goal setting and identifies suitable paths to achieve gender equality. Servant Leadership prioritizes serving others and fostering trust to support the advancement of female EMS providers. Each leadership approach has strengths and weaknesses in addressing gender inequality. After evaluation, combining elements from Path-Goal Theory and Transformational Leadership may prove to be the most proactive and effective way to establish a culture of gender equality and demonstrate the necessity of this change and its benefits to society
Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression 2024 Program
No full textThe CWU Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression is an annual event that showcases all disciplines of research, scholarship, and creative activities. SOURCE works to connect student with resources and funding to aid them in their research as well as provide students a forum to present their findings in a professional and juried environment
2024 Central Washington University Commencement
Full text linkA commencement program from graduation ceremonies at Central Washington University.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cwu_commencement_programs/1056/thumbnail.jp
Responses to Sexual Assault Survivors and Sexual Assault Evidence Kits
Full text linkSexual assault and rape in the U.S. are an ongoing public health issue. While approximately one-fifth of individuals will experience a sexual assault or rape in their lifetime, responses to survivors continues to be problematic. Many law enforcement agencies lack training specific to interact with sexual assault survivors, which can result in victim-blaming and oversight of trauma-informed responses. For sexual assault evidence kit (SAEK) completion, nurses can receive expert certification for this examination; however, in rural areas where all services are limited, survivors may not have access to such professionals. These struggles may result in SAEK issues in addition to documented backlog concerns. As such, the current review provides suggestions for best-practice measures in addressing sexual assault investigations, exams, and resource allocation
Comparison of Gesture Articulation Across Wild Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Communities
No full textCulture can be defined as acquired behaviors that are repeatedly transmitted among individuals, rendering that behavior a community-level characteristic (Whiten et al., 1999). Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have a wide repertoire of gestures within their communities (Hobaiter & Byrne, 2011) with most gestures being shared across both other chimpanzee communities, as well as other species of large-bodied apes (Byrne et al., 2017). Variation in grooming gestures between several wild chimpanzee communities across Africa suggests cultural variation (McGrew et al., 2001). Some communities use the grooming handclasp (GHC), while it is absent in others (McGrew & Tutin, 1978). More so, there is preliminary evidence that there are variations in the form of this gesture between communities (van Leeuwen et al., 2012). Some communities exhibit a palm-to-palm clasp, while others exhibit a wrist-to-wrist clasp (McGrew et al., 2001). This project examined gestures during interactions across wild communities. This study used video recordings of free-living eastern chimpanzees (P. t. schweinfurthii) residing at Gombe Stream National Park, Kibale National Park, and Budongo Forest. From these videos, gestures were identified. The form of two gestures, Big Loud Scratch (BLS) and Reach, was compared between three communities. In BLS there were significant differences between communities for use of place, direction, and audibility. In Reach there were significant differences between communities for use of movement, direction and palm hand orientation. Using methodology to describe the form of signs in American Sign Language, this study aimed to deepen our understanding of differences in gestural form
Estimating Steelhead Smolt Abundance from a Mixed Resident/Anadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss Population
Full text linkEffective management of fish populations in inland waters requires, at the most fundamental level, a basic understanding of population abundance. This is especially important for critically depressed species having high conservation value. Unfortunately, due to their critically depressed abundance, the anadromous form of Oncorhynchus mykiss, known as Steelhead Trout, has high conservation value in the upper Yakima Basin located in central Washington State. However, the resident form of O. mykiss, known as Rainbow Trout, are numerous in the watershed. We used a juvenile tagging study coupled with a long-term population monitoring study to disaggregate this mixed O. mykiss population into its respective life history components. Our results were spatially explicit providing a method to identify areas of relatively high anadromous production throughout our basin. Our evaluation suggests that upper Yakima tributary streams exhibit greater anadromous output than does the larger mainstem Yakima River which has limited restoration potential due to water allocation commitments. We conclude that under current conditions, fruitful O. mykiss restoration strategies might consider actions maximizing migrant survival to and from the marine environment coupled with instream restoration actions that diversify stream habitats and facilitate the expression of multiple life history pathways, thereby, maximizing resiliency in this population
CWU Faculty Senate Minutes 4/03/24
Full text linkThese are the official Central Washington University Faculty Senate minutes for the April 3, 2024, regular meeting
BONE STRESS INJURIES, RISK OF LOW ENERGY AVAILABILITY, DISORDERED EATING, MENSTRUAL DYSFUNCTION, TRAINING VOLUME, AND EXERCISE DEPENDENCE IN FEMALE TRAIL RUNNERS
Full text linkABSTRACT
BONE STRESS INJURIES, RISK OF LOW ENERGY AVAILABILITY, DISORDERED EATING, MENSTRUAL DYSFUNCTION, TRAINING VOLUME, AND EXERCISE DEPENDENCE IN FEMALE TRAIL RUNNERS
by
Saleen Zarate
June 2024
Problematic LEA can lead to REDs, which results in negative health outcomes such as impaired bone health. Trail runners may engage in a higher volume of training and may be at risk for LEA, MD, DE, and EXD, which may further increase the risk for bone stress injuries. This study aimed to explore and compare the prevalence of self-reported SFs between competitive and recreational female trail runners. Specifically, we aimed to examine risk of LEA, EXD, training volume, MD, risk of DE between female trail runners with a history of ≤ 1 SF and those with a history of ≥ 2 SF. Twenty-nine percent of runners reported having a stress fracture before. The results of this study demonstrated that female trail runners, a population who present with common problematic LEA health outcomes, increases the risk for REDs, such as, MD, LEA, EXD, and DE. Implications of prolonged LEA symptoms are discussed
Robert Perkins Video Interview
No full textRobert Perkins talks about his time as a faculty member at Central Washington University where he taught Computer Science, Education, Family and Consumer Science, and later Recreation. He also talks about his love of hiking and mountaineering and his trips all over the world to pursue that passion.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cwura_interviews/1311/thumbnail.jp
Balloon Camera Payload
No full textThe engineering problem for this project was related to designing a payload to take photographs of the sun, while being subject to higher altitudes, and low temperatures, as well as any instabilities. The goal was to make a reliable, stable device in these conditions. This device was to be used during the 2024 eclipse in Texas as part of the Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project.
First, once the early sketches were developed, analysis was performed for different components and systems where dimensions or other specifications were calculated. Dynamics, materials, statics, and fluids were all considered in the design. Next, the manufacturing plan was created and executed, mostly involving 3d printing and laser cutting, modifications were made along the way to adapt to any errors. Finally, through testing, the device was evaluated in its abilities. Various tools and processes would be used in these three steps to ensure a working device.
Test showed that the payload could survive cold temperatures with minimal deviation on the equipment readings, of near .5%, below the requirement, and could last about eight hours on battery power, more than the entire required six hours. Also, due to the parachute selection and the ring profile, its fall speed was less than the required 50 ft/sec at about 40 ft/sec, allowing relatively soft landings