Baynoon Centre for Studies and Development (BCSD): OJS
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English Language Teaching in Contexts of LMD Implementation: A Glance at Teaching and Assessment Practices
Get PDFPurpose: This paper presents some empirical insights about the effect of the LMD system (Bologna Process) on practices at an English as a foreign language (EFL) program in a Sub-Saharan African (SSA) country. The study aimed at examining the dominant pedagogical practices and changes caused by the new system.
Methodology: Based on a qualitative case study methodology and a theoretical framework that draws from Stenhouse (1967; 1975), classroom observation data, interviews, and documents were collected and analyzed thematically.
Results: The analysis has revealed the predominance of lecturing through dictation and practices of summative assessment. These practices are contrary to the principles of the LMD system. This has been interpreted as a resistance from educators to use the new modes of teaching and assessment favored by the socio-constructivist and student-centered approach brought by the LMD system.
Practical Implications: Considering the theoretical perspectives underpinning the study, the findings suggest the predominance of practices that are not favorable to English language learning. The study has certain implications for the implementation of LMD, stressing the need to redesign LMD practices based on empirical procedures that strives to understand the foundation of educators’ resistance to change.
Originality/Value: The study makes a contribution about the application of Western educational tools to other contexts and raises the need for understanding the contextual teaching cultures prior to reform endeavors
Differentiated Instruction and Students’ Literary Competence: An Experimental Study
Get PDFPurpose: This study aims to determine the effects of Differentiated Instruction on Catigbian National High School Grade 10 students’ literary competence.
Approach/Methodology/Design: To attain that purpose, the researcher adopted the experimental design involving two groups of participants. The experimental group was exposed to Differentiated Instruction while the control group was exposed to the traditional method of teaching. The researcher used the Cognitive Domain Test to assess the students’ intelligence and researcher-made questions to measure their literary competence. The results were statistically analyzed using the T-test means for independent samples
Findings: The findings of the study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores achieved by the experimental group and those attained by the control group in the literary test. It is concluded that the use of DI is effective considering the higher scores of the experimental group compared to the control group.
Practical Implication: The study will contribute to the effectiveness of teaching literature by integrating Differentiated Instruction; hence, it will develop students’ literary competence. In addition, additional research is ought to be conducted to explore the effect of the use of Differentiated Instruction on the different language skills.
Originality/value: This study innovates by experimenting with the effect of integrating Differentiated Instruction in teaching literature in Catigbian National High School, Bohol. Moreover, an action plan is proposed to enhance students’ literary competence
The Stem of Meaningful Learning
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education on academic achievement in the science classroom.
Methodology: This study is a quasi-experimental using non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifty-one Grade 8 students, taught by the same teacher, constituted the participants of this study. The study consisted of an experimental group that followed a STEM approach to education and a control group that was taught the usual way.
Results: The findings showed an encouraging improvement in the science achievement of the experimental group as compared to that of the control one. Students belonging to the experimental group demonstrated conceptual understanding of the topics covered by the assigned problems.
Practical Implications: An initial implication is that STEM education is a promising approach that, if properly implemented, facilitates meaningful learning.
Originality/Value: The problem/project-based way of teaching and learning allows students to appreciate the relevance of their school work to their own lives and the world around them. Besides the positive impact of STEM education on science achievement, the findings of this study revealed that a STEM approach is a promising approach in terms of developing conceptual understanding and promoting transfer of learning
Family-Related Determinants and Implications of Low Female Enrolment in Electrical Trade in Adamawa State
Get PDFPurpose: This study examined the perceived family-related determinants and implications of the low enrolment of female students in electrical installation and maintenance works in government science technical colleges of Adamawa State.
Approach/Methodology/Design: A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 13 Electrical Installation and Maintenance Work Trade (EIMWT) teachers and 129 parents of National Technical Certificate Two (NTCII) EIMWT students (either father or mother) in three Government Science Technical Colleges of Adamawa State. The sample of the study comprised of the entire population, thus no sampling was done. A 20-item questionnaire was developed by the researcher and used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three lecturers from the Department of Electrical Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State. A reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained for the instrument using Cronbach Alpha. Mean was used to answer the research questions while a t-test was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed low contribution from the female gender to family income in households and increased level of dependency of the female gender on the males in Adamawa State as major perceived family-related implications.
Practical Implications: The study presents practical implications for concerned authorities to work on dismantling the negative perceptions about female education. The results suggest working closely with several institutions to raise awareness and enlighten parents and family members on the prospects of EIMWT, especially to the female gender.
Originality/value: The study concludes that EIMWT is a way of investing in the education of females in view of breaking cycles of poverty and social vices that the females might be lured into
Polymyxins: “Last Resort” for MDR and/or XDR Gram-Negative Infections
Get PDFPolymyxins were used for the management of gram-negative infections in clinical practice science1940s. Parenteral administration waned in the seventies owing to polymyxins nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Because of the lack of treatment choices for MDR and/or XDRgram negative superbugs as well as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there is a growing need for effective prescribing of old antibiotics that are still effective. However, understanding of polymyxins pharmacokinetics (PK) was restricted and clinical experience is limited which leads to a lack of widespread availability of up-to-date dosing guidelines that could potentially result in the incorrect use of these “last resort” antibiotics. Recently, polymyxin B resistant strains are also a reason of concern. In this review, we discuss the importance of preserving the effectiveness of polymyxins for nosocomial gram-negative infections and strategies to improve polymyxins’ prescription. We recommend that polymyxins should only be used to manage significant MDR and/or XDRgram-negative infections, in optimum doses and if possible, in combination therap
Efficacy of Hayman Suture in the Treatment of Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage
Get PDFPurpose: The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Hayman’s suture in the management of Atonic postpartum hemorrhage.
Subjects and Method: The study includes 37 patients who developed severe atonic PPH not responsive to pharmacological measures at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Aswan University hospital, in the period between Mars 2018 and December 2019. This is a case series study of 37 patients upon whom Hayman suture is applied when failed to respond to medical management, step-wise devascularization of the uterus is attempted when the suture cannot control the bleeding alone, reserving hysterectomy as a last resort when all measures are failed.
Results: Results of the research None of the 37 patients of our study required hysterectomy to control the bleeding, Hayman suture succeeded solely to arrest the hemorrhage in 30 patients (81.1%), while 7 patients(18.9%) required step-wise devascularization of the uterus with Hayman suture to stop the bleeding. It is not uncommon for complications to be described with the use of uterine compression sutures. In our study, we did not report any complications.
Conclusion: The application of Hayman’s suture is a fast, efficient, non-complex, lifesaving and fertility-sparing technique to control atonic postpartum hemorrhage
Immunity Boosting Medicinal Plants to Beat Covid -19 in Seraj Block of Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh
Get PDFPurpose: This study aimed to document the present status of medicinal plants used to boost the immunity to combat Coronavirus.
Materials and Methods: For the assessment and use of herbs during the Covid 19 pandemic, surveys were conducted in different villages of Seraj block. The surveys were conducted during the spread of the pandemic from 2020 to 2021. Local people were interviewed and information on the utilization of local herbs during this pandemic was recorded. Information on parts used, the procedure of use, habit, habitat, etc. was also collected.
Results: A total of 58 species of medicinal plants from 27 families and 42 genera were documented. Among them, the most dominant family was Rosaceae. Most of the plants such as Morchella sp, Naustratium officinale,Taraxacum officinale ,Urtica dioica ,Allium sp,Withania foraminifera, Curcuma longa, Cannabis, Mentha, Ocimum sanctum are rich in antioxidants and have a wide range of medicinal values used to treat cough, cold, fever, and bronchitis. All these plants were used traditionally to boost immunity. Due to the covid -19 pandemic, the utilization of these herbal plants has increased many folds in the area. These medicinal plants should be made available to scientists to design clinical trials. Integration of this concept would certainly develop drug therapy in the near future.
Conclusion: The study found that the use of medicinal plants has increased during COVID-19 and most of the respondents recommended medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19 and to boost immunity. More studies should be conducted to develop certain formulations
Female Readers as Literary Critics: Reading Experiences of Kano Market Romance Fiction
Get PDFThis paper aims to explore the female readers reading experiences, views and feelings of Hausa romance novels found in most of the northern part of Nigeria. This article also examines some criticism and accusations against the readership and content of the Hausa romance genre. The study applied the Transactional Reader-Response Theory of Rosenblatt’s (1978) as guide by selecting 7 female readers within the age ranges between 22-26 years from 2 book clubs to participate in the study. The findings revealed that all the readers individually were able to reveal their varied responses, beliefs, and experiences on the value of the romance novels which challenged the assertion made by the literary critics and traditional society that the books have no relevance in their life activities which supported their arguments and personal interpretive reading stance towards the Hausa romance genre. The finding yielded four themes were emerging: (a) promoting literacy development; (b) resistance to the traditional marriage system in society; (d) enlightening females on social inequality. These findings provided empirical support for the application of the Transactional Reader-Response Theory of Rosenblatt (1978) outside classroom contexts to understand the role of African romance novels towards female social transformation.
Terror Recollected in Tranquility: The Oriental Gothic and the Sublime Imagination of Thomas De Quincey
Get PDFThis paper explores Thomas De Quincey’s seminal text Confessions of an English Opium Eater, examining the artistic vision of the writer and locating the author and his text within the context of the growing British Imperial project in the early 19th century. By locating the substance of his addiction, opium, within the economic, political, and cultural discourses that were developing in Britain at the time, this paper aims to deconstruct the ambivalent relationship that De Quincey, and by extension large segments of British society, had towards an imagined construction of the Orient. By analyzing the Gothic elements of De Quincey’s text, I argue that these images of the East are the signs of growing Orientalist discourse. They squarely locate Romantic tropes within the narrative of British Imperialism. In addition to exploring the fissured imagination of Asia that marks De Quincey’s work, this paper also briefly analyzes the psychological aspects of De Quincey’s contemplation of his addiction and presents a brief account of the role, opium played within the Romantic movement of the early 19th century. Through De Quincey’s opium-induced hallucinations, I attempt to analyze a mode of reflecting and presenting the sublime which was intrinsically linked to an imagined East that revisits the intersection of discourses of art, lived experiences, and the cultural and political anxieties of the era in which the primary text was produced to create a glimpse of the larger discursive function of De Quincey’s confessional memoir. This paper can thus be read as an intervention to re-engage with the links between Romantic aesthetic imaginations and the colonial enterprise of Empire building in the early 19th century
Contextualization in Teaching Short Stories: Students’ Interest and Comprehension
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contextualization in teaching Philippine short stories in English to students’ reading comprehension and the relationship between students’ reading interest and their comprehension levels.
Approach/Methodology/Design: The study is experimental in design. It employed the Z-test and utilized a structured survey questionnaire in collecting the data. Seventy-two (72) Grade 7 students of Lila National High School in the school year 2018-2019 had the Frustration level of reading comprehension based on the Phil-IRI results conducted before the experimentation took place. Contextualized teaching instruction and learning activities were utilized by the experimental group during the discussion of the three Philippine short stories in English.
Findings: The study revealed that (a) both the experimental and control groups had the average interest level towards Philippine short stories in English, (b) in the Phil- IRI comprehension result, both the experimental and control groups’ level of comprehension is in the frustration level in three comprehension test categories namely literal, inferential, and evaluative/critical, (c) in the formative comprehension test results, the experimental group’s comprehension level increased to instructional level where in the literal and inferential test levels, the group is classified under independent level and instructional level in evaluative/critical. On the other hand, the control group’s comprehension level fell under instructional in the literal and inferential test levels and remained frustration under evaluative/critical.
Practical Implications: The study has practical implications for literature teachers. The findings will assist the literature teachers especially those who are handling Philippine Literature subjects. In addition, an Action Program is proposed to improve reading comprehension in Lila National High School, Philippines.
Originality/value: The study is different from existing researches since it focused on the contextualization in teaching Philippine literary pieces, particularly short stories to increase students’ interest in learning and improve comprehension.