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Cumulative Incidences of Lung Cancer in Various Interstitial Lung Diseases
Get PDFInterstitial lung disease (ILD) patients often develop lung cancer (LC). However, previous studies on the incidences of LC in ILDs focused on specific aetiologies, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To investigate the incidences of LC in ILDs other than IPF, we conducted this study.
Materials and Methods: ILD patients at our hospi- tal were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative incidences of LC in various ILD patients were esti- mated and compared among ILD groups for up to five years. The association between several vari- ables at initial diagnosis and LC development was assessed to identify predictors.
Results: In all, 587 ILD patients, including 161 IPF, 160 chronic HP, 133 non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs), 87 connective tissue disease-re- lated ILDs (CTD-ILDs), and 46 other ILDs, were included. Twenty-seven patients developed LC. The cumulative incidences of LC at 1, 3, and 5 years were 1.9%, 5.7%, and 12.3% in IPF, respectively;
2.0%, 4.6%, and 11.0% in chronic HP; 0.8%, 0.8%,
and 4.0% in non-IPF IIPs; and 1.1%, 1.1%, and 2.9% in CTD-ILDs. Chronic HP patients had a high inci- dence of LC as IPF patients. Pack-years was asso- ciated with LC development in chronic HP patients
Development, application, and evaluation of interactive simulation materials for learning the dental hygiene process of care
Get PDFDental hygiene students find it challenging to understand and perform the dental hygiene pro- cess of care (DHPC) after only a limited amount of clinical training; they generally improve their DHPC skills through clinical experience after graduation. In this study, we developed and evaluated interac- tive learning materials that simulate the DHPC. We divided the learning contents of the DHPC into six components and created five simulation materials. Using these materials, students could experience a typical DHPC virtually. In total, 30 third-year uni- versity dental hygiene students were divided into two groups (A and B), and then pre-quizzes were carried out for each group (group A: Quiz I, group B: Quiz II). Next, the students learned using the devel- oped materials and took post-quizzes (group A: Quiz II, group B: Quiz I) to clarify their understanding of the DHPC. After the post-quizzes, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Both groups showed sig- nificantly higher scores on the post-quiz than on the pre-quiz (Group A: p = 0.0451 vs. Group B: p =0.0090, paired Student’s t-test). In addition, more than 80% of the responses to the questionnaire were favorable. These results suggest that the sim- ulation materials developed in this study are effec- tive for learning the DHPC
A cross-sectional survey on the status of oral health administration for students in Japanese universities
Get PDFPurpose: A rapid deterioration of oral health after high school age is an issue to be addressed in Japan. Although this problem may relate to the weakness of oral health promotion for university students, the investigation of oral health-promoting activities, including annual dental checkups (DCs), undertaken by universities has never been con- ducted. Therefore, a questionnaire survey among health administration departments (HADs) was con- ducted to clarify the status of oral health-promoting activities for students.
Methods: Self-administered questionnaire was vol-
untarily answered by HAD’s staff in 2015-2016. The major questions were on information concerning the university, HAD’s staff, implementation of DCs, and oral health-promoting activities for students.
Results: Of 295 universities, 130 valid responses
(response rate 44.1%) were analyzed. DCs were implemented in 10.9% of the universities. The main reasons for not implementing DCs were the large budgetary burden and low needs of students. The dental clinic introductory service was undertaken by 62.3%, whereas provision of oral health informa- tion was undertaken by only 23.8%.
Conclusion: A low ratio of universities implemented
DCs and provided oral health information. Further expansion of DC implementation is considered dif- ficult because of the budgetary burden. Promoting the provision of oral health information from univer- sities is required to improve students’ oral health
Association between combinations of pathological conditions causing cerebral palsy among mothers and infants and associated characteristics including umbilical arterial pH and parity
Get PDFThis study sought to identify combinations of pathological conditions that cause cerebral palsy (CP) among mothers and infants and their relationship to five associated characteristics, including umbilical arterial pH (UApH). Cases were retrieved from the cause analysis reports produced by the Japan Obstetric Compensation System for Cerebral Palsy. Only singleton births for whom UApH data were available, gestational age at birth ≥ 32 weeks of gestation and birth weight ≥ 1,400 g were included; therefore, 349 of the 421 CP cases to receive compensation in 2018 were included in this study. The relationship between the pathological conditions and the associated characteristics, which were UApH, 1-minute Apgar score, gestational age at birth, birth weight, and parity, were analyzed. The parity was significantly higher among mothers with placental abruption (PA) than in those without these conditions whose infants were eligible, even if these values were higher (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.845; p = 0.004). Additionally, umbilical cord blood flow obstruction (UCBFO) was associated with a significantly lower parity (aOR, 0.406; p = 0.001). It was suggested that parity is a useful indicator of the risk of PA and UCBFO as well as for elucidating the numerical value of the characteristics at birth.journal articl
Including clinic-based English education in dental curriculum, supplemented by e-learning
Get PDFThis study aimed to construct proposals for improving dental English education by assessing the need and importance of dental English proficiency in practical settings and how e-learning might supplement such education in Japan. With the understanding that the dental English education in the Japanese undergraduate dental curricula has been under addressed, computer-assisted simulation modules have been developed. Fourteen fourth-year dental undergraduates were given access to these clinical settings’ modules, designed to take learners through decision-making processes for emergency services with the added bonus of learning dental English. Pre- and post-quizzes, a post-questionnaire, and self-rating scale were used to assess the knowledge gained and the perceived need for dental English. Post-quiz scores were significantly higher than the pre-quiz scores (p=0.004), and the questionnaire results (response rate of 100%) provided favorable feedback for this learning method. Results indicated that for improved learning outcome, the interlacing of dental English learning opportunities alongside the regular Japanese dental courses might be the best-case scenario. Practical knowledge and skills, both in one’s native tongue and English, were important; and that increasing the amount of clinical/practical training in English may be necessary, while e-learning might be a suitable method for supplementing current dental English education deficiency.journal articl
Optimal initial cell density that yields the highest number of primary synovial mesenchymal stem cells in a clinical setting
Get PDFSynovial mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation improved clinical outcomes in knees. In clinical situations, nucleated cells were cultured with 10% autologous serum for 14 days. Nucleated cell number and serum volume practically varied by patient, and initial cell density and dish number affected yield/donor. Our purpose was to estimate the MSC yield/donor from the fold increase obtained in this experiment in several patterns. We obtained the data of the autologous serum volume, nucleated cell number, and initial plating cell density from 10 patients who participated in our previous clinical studies. We used these previous clinical data and the current experimental data. Experimentally, fold increase significantly decreased between 700 and 1,900 cells/cm². In cases where the nucleated cell number was low and the serum volume was high, the estimated MSC yield/donor decreased along with the initial plating density. In cases where the nucleated cell number was high and the serum volume was low, the estimated MSC yield/donor increased along with the initial plating density. In cases where some nucleated cells were discarded, the maximum MSC yield/donor were obtained when the initial cell density was the highest cell density where some nucleated cells were discarded.journal articl
Effectiveness of health education programme of primary school-aged children in the urban area of China
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a health education programme for school-aged children’s social anxiety, interpersonal closeness and perspective- taking (PT) ability in an urban area of eastern China. Methods: This study was a non‐randomized controlled trial. A total of 257 school-aged children in fourth to sixth grades from a primary school were recruited, aged between 9 and 12 years. They were assigned by their classes in each grade to the intervention (N = 128) and control (N = 129) groups and completed anonymous self-reported questionnaires. Data were collected before and after interventions. Changes in children’s social anxiety, interpersonal closeness, and social cognition and behaviors were measured using different assessment scales. Results: Overall, 122 interventions and 128 controls participated in the trial. Significant differences for the intervention group were found between before and after interventions in the scores of social anxiety, interpersonal closeness, and PT ability (all p < 0.05), while the scores for the control group were roughly unchanged. Conclusion: This health education programme was effective for decreasing the Chinese schoolaged children’s social anxiety, improving their interpersonal closeness, as well as increasing their PT ability.journal articl
A preliminary comparison of marginal bone-level changes, survival rates, and prosthodontic maintenances between immediately and conventionally loaded twoimplant overdentures with magnetic attachments
Get PDFPurpose: This study compared marginal bone-level changes, survival rates, and prosthodontic maintenance between immediately and conventionally loaded mandibular two-implant overdentures (2-IODs) retained by magnetic attachments, over a 60-month period from implant insertion. Materials and Methods: 19 mandibular edentulous participants were randomly allocated to either an immediate-loading or a conventional-loading group. Two implants were placed in each participant via flapless surgery. The implants in the immediate- loading and conventional-loading groups were loaded with magnetic attachments on the same day as implant placement and 3 months after surgery, respectively. The marginal bone-level changes were measured at 2 weeks, and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after implant placement, using standardized periapical radiographs. Results: The mean radiographic marginal bonelevel change was –1.42 mm and –1.39 mm for the immediate-loading and conventional-loading groups, respectively at 60 months, and there was no significant difference between two groups. The cumulative survival rate was 100% and 89% for immediate and conventional loading, respectively, and there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the immediate-loading 2-IODs tended to require frequent maintenance and both immediately and conventionally loaded 2-IODs resulted in acceptable marginal bone-level changes.journal articl
Standardization of examiners using a dental model for pocket probe training: Adequacy of evaluation with a model and standard accuracy rate of skilled examiners
Get PDFObjective: To standardize examiners using a dental model, we developed a dental model and conducted a study that found the model was feasible and effective for student practice. However, it remains unclear whether the skill of measuring probing depth (PD) in this model correlates with the skill of measuring PD in patients. Thus, this study was designed to clarify this point and to determine the accuracy rate of a skilled examiner. Material and Methods: Study 1: Fifty-one students measured PD in patients with more than 4 teeth having a pocket equal to or deeper than 4 mm and PD in the model. On the same day, their instructor remeasured PD in these patients. Study 2: Ninety- nine students and 11 Certified Periodontists measured PD in the model. Results: Study 1: The accuracy rate of students measuring patients’ PD equal to or deeper than 4 mm and PD in the model showed a significant positive correlation. Study 2: Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the accuracy rate equivalent to the skill level of Certified Periodontists was found to be 84.7%. Conclusion: Standardization of examiners was confirmed with this model. The standard accuracy rate of skilled examiners was found to be 85%.journal articl