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Get PDFIn this study, we observed comminution behavior of food on buccal and lingual side by sieve method. Six dentate subjects participated in this study. Peanuts were used as the test food and chewed for1-8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 strokes on their preferred chewing side. Peanuts were gathered separately from buccal and lingual sides after varying number of chewing strokes. The crushed peanuts were sieved through a stack of eight level sieves (0.85 to 5.6mm). The comminution of coarse particles above 4.75 mm was almost finished within 10 strokes. The dynamic change in the median particle size also disappeared about 10 strokes. This suggested that we should pay attention to the initial phase of the chewing when we observed about mastication. As a result, comminution behavior of lingual coarse particles better conformed to fluctuation of median particle sizes of whole mouth, expressing masticatory performance precisely, than that of buccal coarse particles.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFThis study examined hyoid movement during sequential swallowing and evaluated the relationship among trajectory patterns, swallowing types based on laryngeal movement and laryngeal penetration. Twelve healthy adults underwent videofluorography during sequential swallowing. Each swallow was classified into two types: opened laryngeal vestibule after swallow (i-Segmental type) and closed laryngeal vestibule after swallow (i-Continuous type). Each participant’s swallowing type was classified by the same method. We analyzed two-dimensional movements of the hyoid, and the trajectories were classified into three patterns: hyoid moved in the anterosuperior direction after the onset of swallow (pattern L); hyoid moved in the anterosuperior direction after the onset of swallow, beyond the mandibular plane (pattern X); and the hyoid was above the mandibular plane at the onset of swallow, and then it moved in the inferior direction (pattern U). Two-way ANOVA revealed that there was a significant interaction between the swallowing type and trajectory pattern, and laryngeal penetration was the highest for the combination of individual swallow of i-Continuous type and pattern L. In sequential swallowing, the existence of a penetration-prone swallowing pattern combination was an interesting phenomenon relevant to eating management for dysphagic patients; however further study in patient groups is required.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFWe have developed a new educational/clinical ontology named the “Haghighi-Koeda Mood Disorder Ontology”, which involves both medical and psychological approaches for mood disorders in order to promote the exchange of information between psychiatrists and psychologists. Data was gathered from more than 5000 articles published in journals and websites specialized in life science. We evaluated and selected articles which were related to 4 main categories of mood disorders. Using Protégé 3.4 beta, information related to mood disorders was classifi ed by class/ subclass tree in an ontological structure. Then we developed a web-based interface system on the internet enabling the implementation of the ontology. In addition, we have designed an online scale for automated diagnosis of mood disorder. For evaluating experiments, we compare this ontology with “Decisionbase™” of which content deals with mood disorders. Evaluation was in accordance with our selected criteria via the AHP (Analysis of Hierarchical Processing) method. The results demonstrated the noteworthy superiority of our ontology. We believe that combining knowledge of medical science with that in psychological fields is a key to improving the quality of diagnosis and promoting appropriate treaTMent in all psychiatric disorders.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFThe surface protein, UspA1, of Moraxella catarrhalis is involved in adherence to human epithelial cells. We examined the expression of uspA1 , and adherence to HEp-2 cells of clinical isolates. The uspA1 gene was detected in 204 of 208 isolates. The 4 uspA1 -negative isolates belonged to the 16S rRNA type II with an A to G substitution at nucleotide 445 of 16S rRNA. In 13 isolates of the 16S rRNA type II, transcription of uspA1 was decreased or absent. A relationship between the extent of uspA1 transcription and adherence to HEp-2 cells was found in 5 isolates of the type I. In contrast, the 16S rRNA type II strains still had considerable adherence to HEp- 2 cells. The type I uspA1 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli JM109 and the transformants adhered to HEp-2 cells at rates about 7 times higher than the host strain. These data indicated that the uspA1 was virtually ubiquitous in clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis and was responsible for adherence to HEp-2 cells of 16S rRNA type I isolates. However, the data also suggested that adherence of 16S rRNA type II strains to HEp-2 cells was attributed to factor(s) other than UspA1.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFBackground: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a significant factor of patient dissatisfaction. Patients with dissociation between preoperative radiographic LLD and perceived LLD sometimes feel LLD postoperatively even if bilateral leg lengths are equal. There is no publication describing how to decide the amount of leg lengthening in such cases. Purpose : By examining the influence of preoperative lumbar lateral flexibility on postoperative perceived LLD, this study aims at creating a guideline for the optimal planning of leg lengthening in THA. Methods: In 59 cases undergoing primary unilateral THA, radiographic LLD, perceived LLD, pelvic tilting and lumbar lateral fl exibility were measured preoperatively. The amount of leg lengthening and the sequential change of the perceived LLD were measured postoperatively. Results: Twelve cases (20%) felt the perceived LLD at two years after surgery. All these cases felt the operative side longer than the non-operative side. In 32 cases with preoperative pelvic inclination to the affected side, postoperative perceived LLD was significantly greater if lumbar spine was rigid. In eight cases with pelvic tilting and rigid lumber spine, the amount of leg lengthening that exceeded preoperative perceived LLD aff ected the postoperative perceived LLD. Conclusions: In cases with preoperative pelvic inclination downward to the affected side and with rigid lumbar spine, amount of leg lengthening should not be excessively greater than preoperative perceived LLD. In other cases, lengthening the leg to the same length as the contralateral side rarely results in postoperative perceived LLD.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFInflammatory cytokines are reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of chronic subdural hematomas (CSH), and the angiogenesis of hematomas has particularly been in focus. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an essential enzyme for the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The COX-2-PGE2 pathway has been shown to influence angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We investigated the association of COX-2 expression in the dura mater and outer membrane with the pathogenesis of CSH, and suggested a treatment strategy on the basis of this association. Hematoma fluid and serum samples obtained from 37 patients, and samples of the dura mater and outer CSH membrane obtained from 13 patients during the operation were examined in this study. The concentrations of PGE2 in relation to COX-2 in the hematoma fluid were significantly higher than those in the serum. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed COX-2-positive cells in the outer membrane of CSHs. There was a linear and significant relationship between PGE2 concentration in hematoma fluid and the interval from trauma to initial surgery. COX-2 may play a crucial role during the development of CSHs. Our study might lead to the development of anti-COX-2 treatment options that aim to minimize repeat surgery and choose medical therapy by reducing CSH morbidity and recurrence rate in patients with CSH.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFObjectives：This study investigated the relationship between upper and lower molars in the early stage of mastication. Materials and Methods： We measured the occlusal contact areas during chewing test foods using the three-dimensional shape measurement system and the six-degreeof- freedom mandibular tracking device. The reference points corresponding to “A” and “B” occlusal contacts were selected from the surface of upper dental cast (UA, UB) and lower dental cast (LA, LB). The distance between reference point UA and LA, UB and LB were calculated (|A|, |B|). For evaluation of relationship between upper and lower molars during chewing gum, the ratios of |A|/|B| (AB ratio) were calculated. First 10 consecutive cycles of chewing gum were divided into two phase, early five strokes group (Ge) and last five strokes group (Gl). Paired t-test for AB ratios of Ge and Gl was performed. Results：Paired t-test showed a significant difference between AB ratios of Ge and that of Gl at 0.5 mm away from the terminal position of masticatory movements (p<0.05). Conclusion： This result suggests the possibility that the path of mastication is influenced by the change of texture of foods with the progress of mastication in early stage of mastication.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFThe intramucosal lesion of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SIG) is known to form a layered structure (LS) that simulates mucin expression in ordinary gastric mucosa. In this study, we suspected the influence of background mucosa on the formation of LS and performed histopathological analysis. We examined 35 cases of intramucosal SIG with a maximum diameter of 30 mm or less. The LS patterns were classified into those with a layer of MUC6-positive cells (complete pattern, CP) and those lacking this layer (incomplete pattern, ICP). The relationship between LS patterns and the characteristics of the background mucosa, the expression of MUC2 (intestinal-type mucin antigen), MUC5AC (foveolar-type mucin antigen), and Ki-67 (the marker of cell proliferation activity) was examined by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Intestinal metaplasia in the background mucosa and MUC2 expression were frequently observed in cases with ICP. Ki-67-positive cells were much more and they were distributed more widely in the lesion of cases with ICP alone than in the other cases. Mucin expression and LS formation of gastric SIG are strongly influenced by its background mucosa. The cases completely lacking MUC6 expression may have higher malignant potential.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFAbnormal occlusal sensation induced by wearing oral appliance (OA) was assessed in this study Materials and Methods Twelve non-apneic healthy subjects with normal dental occlusion were used in this study. The 12 subjects slept wearing OAs at night. Occlusal sensation, biting force, occlusal contact area and muscle fatigue were evaluated every 15 minutes during 4 hours after removals of worn OAs when they waked up on the following morning. Same procedures were repeated on the same subjects after the sleep without OAs on the other day. Result The differences of occlusal sensation was statistically significant up to 75 minutes after removal of OAs (p<0.05). The diff erence of biting force was statistically significant immediately after removal of OAs (p<0.05). There were statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) between occlusal sensation and biting force in 9 of 12 subjects. Two of 12 subjects showed significant correlations (p<0.05) between occlusal sensation and muscle fatigue. Only one of 12 subjects showed significant correlation (p<0.05) between biting force and muscle fatigue. Conclusion Abnormal occlusal sensation is probably elicited by non-physiological displacement of TMJs, nonphysiological extension of the chewing muscles and/or continuous compression toward the periodontal membranes by using OAs for hours at night.departmental bulletin pape
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to determine whether strenuous running exercise produces a significant amount of fibrosis in the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) of the knee and whether intraarticular injections of hyaluronan (HA) protect fibrosis in the IFP in a rat running model. Strenuous running exercise was performed on a rodent treadmill with 5% inclination using Wistar rats. After the exercise, hyaluronan was injected into the right knee joint once per week in the HA injection group. In the treatment control group of the left knee, no injection was done. Also, the running exercise group and the sedentary control group received no HA injection. The IFP was analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically after 1 week (5 km), 2 weeks (10 km), 3 weeks (15 km) and 6 weeks (30km). The inflammatory reaction in the IFP was not prominent at each running stage. A slightly, but significantly increased amount of inflammatory cell infiltration appeared during strenuous running.The amount of collagen fibers increased significantly at 30 km stage. Histological scores showed less fibrosis of the IFP in the HA injection group than in the control group at 30 km run. Strenuous running exercise may cause fibrosis in the IFP of runners. Intraarticular HA injection will inhibit arthrofibrosis of painful runners.departmental bulletin pape