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St. John\u27s, COE, Tuscarora, Brantford 1.1

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Li, Yifan

Western University 
Scholarship@Western 
Inspiring Minds – A Digital Collection of 
Western’s Graduate Research, Scholarship and 
Creative Activity 
Inspiring Minds 
November 2022 
What if there is uncertainty in the probability itself? 
Yifan Li 
Western University, yli2763@uwo.ca 
Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/inspiringminds 
Citation of this paper: 
Li, Yifan, "What if there is uncertainty in the probability itself?" (2022). Inspiring Minds – A Digital 
Collection of Western’s Graduate Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity. 233. 
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/inspiringminds/233 
What if there is uncertainty in the probability itself?
Yifan Li
We usually use probability to quantify our statement on the uncertain events in our daily
life. If we look at the following Figure 1, at your first glance, does it look like a rabbit or
duck? Then turn to Figure 2 to answer the same question. You may find that your answer
on “whether it is more like a rabbit or duck” is different for these two figures, but actually,
they are the same except for the difference in rotation angle. Under different rotation angles,
our probability assessment of these two figures will be different.
We can see that sometimes there indeed exists uncertainty in the probability itself. In
statistics, it is formally called model uncertainty. We have developed a new framework called
the semi-G-structure to better quantify this kind of uncertainty and it will bring a new
theoretical perspective to the study of model uncertainty.
1
Figure 1: Rabbit-duck illusion: at your first glance, does it look like a rabbit or duck?
2
Figure 2: Rabbit-duck illusion: at your first glance, does it look like a rabbit or duck?
3


English

What if there is uncertainty in the probability itself?

Graat, kyle

Western University 
Scholarship@Western 
Inspiring Minds – A Digital Collection of 
Western’s Graduate Research, Scholarship and 
Creative Activity 
Inspiring Minds 
November 2022 
Evaluation of Odour Emissions & Dispersion Mitigation Strategies 
for the Tipping Area of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills 
kyle Graat 
Western University, kgraat@uwo.ca 
Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/inspiringminds 
Citation of this paper: 
Graat, kyle, "Evaluation of Odour Emissions & Dispersion Mitigation Strategies for the Tipping Area of 
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills" (2022). Inspiring Minds – A Digital Collection of Western’s Graduate 
Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity. 252. 
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/inspiringminds/252 
Solid waste from residential and commercial sources is collected by municipalities and transported and 
buried into in-ground pits called Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (MSW). Anaerobic decomposition by 
bacteria found in the disposed waste generates Land Fill Gas (LFG) which, if uncontrolled, transports 
through the buried waste and escapes into the surrounding atmosphere where it disperses as a 
pollutant. The active area of MSWs, the tipping area, is unsutiable for gas collection and typicaly uses 
basic cover materials as a method of LFG sequestration. My research, a Mitacs funded collaboration 
between the City of London and UWO engineering, focuses on developing a method to: a) deterimine 
the rate of LFG emissions from the tipping area of an an active MSW, and b) explore the use of tailored 
biochar mixtures in application as an imporved method for sequestering LFG from the tipping area of an 
active MSW.  
 
 
 
  
 


Western University

Not a member yet

Grace Anglican Church Brantford 1.5

Holy Trinity AC, Brantford 1.2

St. John\u27s, COE, Tuscarora, Brantford 1.1

All Saints, Mount Pleasant, Brantford 1.3

Her Majesty\u27s Royal Chapel of the Mohawks, St. Paul\u27s, Brantford 1.0

Holy Trinity AC, St. George, Brantford 1.2

St. Andrews by-the-Lake, Turkey Point, Brantford 1.3

St. Mark\u27s, Scothalnd, Brantford 1.0

What if there is uncertainty in the probability itself?

Evaluation of Odour Emissions & Dispersion Mitigation Strategies for the Tipping Area of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

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