Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences (RAMSS) (E-Journal)
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Exploring the Underlying Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Domestic Violence against Women by their Intimate Partners: A Contextualized Study of Rural Localities in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFDomestic violence is considered as a serious socio-psychological and public health issue that has imperative implications on fecundity of women. This paper put forward consolidate findings about the prevalence of domestic violence in rural localities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The contextual realities demonstrated that women are considered to be subordinated in front of their marital partners where gender oppression is considered to be a “normal life phenomenon.” The researchers used obtrusive observations along with in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the contextualized underlying dynamics of the study phenomenon. The findings of this study demonstrate that husband was considered to own the hegemonic masculine powers, while women were subordinated in front of their intimate partners. Moreover, mother-in-law was also considered to be the most provoking person for aggravating domestic violence in household context. These violent acts directly affected the reproductive health of these victimized married females. Henceforth, education prevalence, gender awareness and role of sociologists to address the structural problems are the major recommendations that can be adopted to resolve this issue
How do Population and Poverty Affect Environmental Degradation in Developing Countries? A Panel Data Analysis
Get PDFThis study aims to envisage empirically how the rural and urban population, as well as poverty, affects the CO2emission.The panel data isused to coverthe time frame from1990 to 2015 for the D-8 countries except Indonesia due to the non-availability of the data of some variable. To check the stationarity of the panel data Levin, LinandChu'stestis applied. Kaoand PanelG ranger causality tests are also used for panel cointegration and panel causality respectively. A fully Modified OLS estimator is applied to check the long-run relationship.The results Indicate that the rural population and poverty are statistically significant and are negatively associated with CO2 emissions. Realgross domestic products (GDP) and trade open nessalso exerta positive and statistically significant influenceon CO2 emission.Moreover,the results conclude that a one percent change in real GDP will cause a 0.32 percent change in CO2 emission.Employing the granger causality technique there is evidence of a significant bidirectional causal relationship between CO2 emission and Real GDP. Further more,between CO2 and poverty, a bidirectional causal relationship is found. Besides, it is un idirectional relationship between CO2 emissions and trade openness. The finding soft he study suggest the reisadireneed for the developing nation stoinvestin human capabilities to promote the consumption of poor people to eradicate absolute poverty. The study suggests adopting the low carbon emission technologies, aiming to sustain economic growth and reduce CO2 emission which may include energy efficiency and switch torenewable energy from non-renewable energy
Determinants of Organizational Commitment among Academics of HEIs: The Buffering Role of Coworker Support
Get PDFThe significance of retaining committed staff is a main focus in contemporary literature in higher education. This study seeks to address issues related to lower employee commitment through a Social Exchange Theory Lens to explore the buffering role of co-worker support on the relationship between Supervisory Support (SS), Organizational Climate (OCL) and commitment HEIs in the Public Sector Pakistan. A quantitative and cross approach to survey was adopted as a survey technique by 366 respondents using a proportionately stratified random sampling method. The research theoretically argues and empirically shows that SS and OCL have a direct relationship with organizational commitment in the public sector HEIs. The findings suggest the significant role of SS, the organizational climate and the commitment to higher learning in the public sector. In addition, the findings confirm the hypothesis regarding the buffering effect of co-workers' help in the relationship between SS, OCL and organizational commitment. The main contribution concerns the implementation of co-worker support as a moderator between the relationship SS, OCL and the OC. The study also leads to a better understanding of the mechanisms of the organizational commitment seen in HEIs with regard to the buffering role of co-worker support in the Pakistani context
Determinants of Relationship Continuity: A Mediational Study of Relationship Quality and Word of Mouth
Get PDFOrganizations claim employee as one of the most important strategic assets occupying the central position of intellectual capital. Monetary incentives alone cannot serve the function of retaining such employees. The objective of the study was to explore the individual as well as organizational factors, which governs the behavioural and psychological make-up of an employee and contributes to establishing relationship continuity between a firm and its employees. For this purpose, data is collected from 552 employees working in Textile mills in Multan region through purposive sampling and SEM is applied as a research technique. Results provide interesting factors that can be useful for retaining skilled knowledge workers
Wage Setting Behaviour of Firms in Industrial Estates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Get PDFThe objective of the study is to analyze the wage setting behaviour of firms. For this study four major industrial estates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Using stratified random sampling, data is collected from 342 firms. Multinomial logistic model is used to estimate the effects of determinants on wage change. Most of the firms change wage rate once in a year. Majority of the firms follow time-dependent wage policy. Half of the firms, which are following time-dependent wage policy, change the wage rate at the end or start of the fiscal year. Most of the firms are not found to index wages. Moreover, the percentage of firms not involved in wage indexation is higher for daily workers than for permanent worker. Labor productivity, employment level in the economy, government regulations, taxes, demand for the product, and inflation are important factors of wage change, but the most important factor is the labour productivity and least important is pressure from the labour union. Imperfect competition and size of the firms are the important determinants of wage flexibility, while wage indexation, information set of expected inflation and fringe benefits provided to workers are the important determinants of wage rigidity. It is important for Pakistan to avoid wage cuts at the times of recession and disinflationary policies be carefully designed as sacrifice ratio, albeit moderate, is not zero
Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employees’ Satisfaction: A Case Study of University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to identify the effect of performance appraisal on employees’ satisfaction in university of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. We collected data from 60 administrative employees of university of Peshawar using survey questionnaire. We distributed 100 questionnaires among the employees of university of Peshawar, out of which 60 were returned back, so the response rate was 60 %. Findings of this study revealed that performance appraisal significantly and positively affect employee satisfaction in university of Peshawar, KP. It was concluded from this study that fair and accurate performance appraisal keep the employees satisfied and positively affect the efficiency and effectiveness of employees as well as organization. In line with the findings of this study it is recommended for top management of higher education of Pakistan to design such a performance appraisal system which is in accordance with the new challenges and developmental aspect of employees within different universities or organizations. This study has importance for both policy makers and academicians
Exposure of Air Pollution and its Relationship with Child Mortality in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study discovered the special effects of coal energy (a kind of non-renewable energy), Greenhouse gases, Industrialization, Population growth rate and renewable energy on human health, with key emphasis on Child Mortality rate in Pakistan. For profound practical insight, study established Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and study analyzed time series data of Pakistan for time period 1986 to 2017. The results reported that with an increase in use of coal energy mortality among children increase. In addition, results also underscored that by turning to renewable energy (energy by sun, wind and air) the health conditions could be improved as renewable energy type is environment friendly and does not produce Greenhouse gases. So, renewable energy serves as a helping factor to reduce mortality among children in Pakistan. On the other hand, coal energy is the cause of environmental degradation by increasing amount of Greenhouse gas emissions in atmosphere which in turn causes Child mortality in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Impact of Financial Development Indicators on Economic Growth in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence from Time Series Data Analysis
Get PDFThe Current research has analyzed impacts of financial development both short run and long run, on economic growth of Pakistan during the period 1980-2014. To measure financial development, study has utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to form a single proxy index that covers four important dimensions such as banking and non-banking financial institutions and both financial access and markets simultaneously. It consists of five financial development ratios e.g. financial system deposits to GDP, private sector credit of banks to GDP, commercial bank assets to commercial and central banks assets, foreign direct investments to GDP and financial market capitalization to GDP. Empirical findings suggest that long run relationship is more evident in case Pakistan’s context for financial development and growth of an economy. While the mechanism of short run dis-equilibrium adjustment in case of estimated, error correction model is expected towards the long run relation. Policy makers can use results for parallel and successful expansion of both financial and economic development
The Perils of Jirga and the Miserable Plight of Women
Get PDFThis study was conducted to critique and asses the institution of Jirga and its practice of Swara. The data was collected through vis-à-vis semi-structured interviews from the Jirgees and Swaras, the two most proximate stakeholders of the institution of Jirga. For the analysis of data, the tool of Thematic Analysis, developed by Braun and Clarke (2015), was used. The findings of the study show that Jirga — besides being unconstitutional — is involved in multifarious inhumane practices and its members are mostly uneducated. Its decisions are completely void of the canon international law and human rights. Jirga is involved in the felonious practice of Swara. Swaras — women atoned by Jirga in reprisal for an offence — are living wretched lives facing multifarious forms of violence, discrimination, humiliation and other forms of inhumane behaviors. Besides, they are suffering from depression, inferiority complexes, suicidal attempts, malnutrition, verbal abuse, etc. The findings also imply that illiteracy, passivity and condonement of the judiciary and law enforcing agencies, and the higher rate of crimes in the area are the factors contributing to the practice of Swara. In the light of the findings, the researcher recommends that the practice of reprisal reiterated by Jirga should be completely extirpated. Education should be disseminated and the government and law enforcing agencies should work in proximity to mitigate the rate of crimes in the area. The government should frame inclusive economic policies in order to promote peace and prosperity in the area
Balochistan: Overview of its Geo-economic and Socio-economic Perspectives
Get PDFThis study gives an overview of geo-economic and socio-economic perspectives of Balochistan. The research methodology of descriptive analysis is used to highlight the objectives of this study on thematic analysis outcomes. The findings of the study show paradoxical themes that Balochistan is the largest and resourceful yet the least developed province of Pakistan. The major portion of population comprises of youth but not skilled enough to find decent works for livelihood earnings. Political awareness is present, but the government is made on the consent of governments formed at federal level. Economic snapshots reveal that resource-rich attributes of the province are associated with the lowest socio-economic indices across all districts of the province. The natural cum geo-economic importance and resources abundance have not contributed for socio-economic development of this backward province of Balochistan. Unemployment, low skills development, zero industrialization and socio-economic backwardness are main economic issues responsible for the lowest development of the province. The policy recommendations include the implementation of comprehensive development policies for natural resource development, human capital formation of its labor force, coastal area development, development of Gwadar sea-port, enhancing capacity building of the provincial government departments, rule of law, investment for socio-economic development and mainstreaming the local population in macro decision making for the development of the least developed province of Balochistan