Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences (RAMSS) (E-Journal)
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A Mediation Model of Trust in Chatbot Interactions: The Role of Responsiveness and Emotional Cues in Shaping Behavioral Intentions
Full text linkCustomer trust plays a significant role in Chatbot interactions for e-commerce and industry. It is the trust that mediates certain factors to have ultimate influence on certain behavioral intentions like repurchase intentions, electronic words of mouth intentions and brand loyalty. The chatbot having capabilities of prompt response and emotional cues displayed by the chatbot enhance trust. Consistency of responses have also been checked for direct or indirect influence of aforementioned behavioral intentions but its results were insignificant. The study has contributed to theory of Stimulus Organism Response wherein stimulus like, responsiveness and emotional cues encourage organism (users/customer) by developing trust in AI that eventually produce desired response like repurchase intentions, brand loyalty and electronic words of mouth intentions. The study results are also in support to adoption of technology as per TAM model theory as the usefulness of chatbots and their ease in conversation has been determined and results also support the technology adoption. The present research study is beneficial for industry and practice as it has stressed on significance of AI Chatbots features and design elements that enhance customer relationships and customer service quality. The growing online market and e-commerce platform can be best served by the use of AI chatbots and by enhancing customer trust ability in chatbots recommendations and interactions. The quantitative research method and survey through self-administered questionnaire have been used. The study respondents were individuals having experience of e-commerce shopping and interacting with chatbots. The study respondents were recruited through convenience sampling method. This study employed Smart PLS 4 for analysis through structural equation modeling. It is recommended for future studies to use study framework and propositions for a broader sample of respondents and conduct a longitudinal study for further enhancement in the literature
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Policies in Achieving Net-Zero Emissions
Full text linkUsing statistics from Germany, the US, India, Kenya and Bangladesh from the years 2010–2025, examine whether both developed and developing countries can achieve net-zero emissions by using renewable energy laws. The analysis uses both national data and information from international resources to run linear regression and time-series analysis on how expenditure in renewable energy (expressed in USD), renewable capacity (GW) and policies affect CO? emissions (MtCO?) in a single year. Renewable energy capacity and emissions have a strong negative connection (r = -0.89, p < 0.01), as almost three quarters (R² = 0.78) of the emissions difference is traced back to that relationship. We found that in Germany, there was a 42% reduction (p<0.05), in the United States a 29% decrease, in India a 20% drop, 14% in Kenya and 11% in Bangladesh. Not many investments were organized for Kenya and Bangladesh, but using help from international organizations and local solar projects, they still did make progress. Performance outcomes improved in cases where the policy was more serious and higher amounts of money were given, the ANOVA test found (F(4, 60) = 13.45, p < 0.001). In many cases, tighter rules for renewable energy lead to less pollution, although the end results depend on the local infrastructure. It is also obvious from the research that technology boosts the success of renewable projects, mainly in severely polluted nations. Those regions with well-established technology infrastructure recorded better results, showing how crucial better ideas and progress are. It argues that for the clean energy transition to happen for all, more money, more cooperation and wider dissemination of new technology are needed for lower-income countries. These kinds of projects supply the knowledge required to plan and regulate energy at the global level
Analyzing the Impact of Sustainable Development and Corruption on Happiness in South Asian Countries
Full text linkSDGs are highly interconnected to promote the level of happiness by developing SD as well as effective institutions. Hence, these global objectives and goals cannot be achieved without focusing on happiness of the people around the world. Thus, the present study is conducted to examine the impact of SD and Corruption on happiness in selected South Asian economies (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) during the period from 2012 to 2022. SDI (sustainable development index) value of SL is higher in region with the mean score of 0.83 while Pakistan mean score is lowest (0.58). India and Nepal have least scores in happiness with an average of 4.27 and 4.78 respectively. The regression results of this study are estimated by employing FGLS method. Findings of the study indicated that SD is positively significantly related to happiness. In contrast, corruption negatively affect the happiness of people. This study suggests promoting the level of green technology as well as friendly energy projects which are the major components of SD. The study also suggests that laws related to bribery and accountability should be addresses at every level to reduce the corruption.
 
From the Perspective of Nursing Students: A Phenomenological Exploration of Nursing Students’ Patient Safety Competency and Educational Needs across Four Academic Years
Full text linkPatient safety is a fundamental component of nurse education and a critical determinant of healthcare quality worldwide. Despite global frameworks such as the WHO (2011) guidelines and the QSEN model (Cronenwett et al., 2007), evidence indicates that nursing students often feel underprepared to implement patient safety principles in practice, largely due to fragmented and inconsistently delivered educational approaches. This study explored the perceptions of Pakistani Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students regarding their competence and learning needs in patient safety using a descriptive phenomenological design. Focus groups were conducted with purposively selected nursing students across all four academic years from colleges in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework. Nine central themes emerged: clinical and physical safety practices, infection prevention, teamwork, ethical safety, communication and clinical handover, equipment use and monitoring, medication safety, error reporting culture, and training gaps in safety education. Findings highlight that while nursing students demonstrate partial safety competencies, substantial gaps remain. A cohesive, integrated, and longitudinal patient safety curriculum—emphasizing simulation, ethical practice, and a non-punitive error reporting culture—is essential to prepare future nurses for safe and effective clinical practice
Fiscal Shocks and Socioeconomic Indicators: An Analysis of Welfare State of Pakistans Economy
Full text linkThe Pakistan’s current scenario obstructs the government and its authorities to have the objectives, goals and strategies for public interest and the development of its economy. In view of this, the research paper is designed to examine the impact of government policies on the economic and social welfare of the economy. In this context the impact of fiscal policy shocks (i.e., government expenditure shocks and tax revenues shocks) on GDP growth rate, poverty, inequality and GDP pe capita (as measure of economic well-being) is being assessed. The research paper has employed SVAR econometric model from the period 1990 to 2022 to assess the impact of fiscal policy shocks on the economic and social welfare
E-Government Development and its Role in Enhancing Government Effectiveness and Public Sector Governance
Full text linkThe digital transformation within public administration is fundamental to improving government effectiveness levels. The study employs CS-ARDL analysis to evaluate the relationship between e-government development and governance indicators (control of corruption, e-government, rule of law, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability) concerning Government Effectiveness in the short and long term. According to the study findings, control of corruption, regulatory quality, and citizen participation demonstrate short-run effects on Government Effectiveness. The combination of quick expansions in the rule of law regulations and previous government efficiency creates obstacles to present-day administrative success, indicating potential administrative flexibility problems. Sustainable improvements in government effectiveness emerge from robust control of corruption combined with high regulatory quality, active voice, and accountability during the long-run analysis. Combining e-government platforms with strict regulations shows inverse relationships to sustainable effectiveness because proper institutional backing and supplementary reform measures are essential for digital tools to produce intended benefits. The findings demonstrate the need for government officials to unite digital initiatives with extensive institutional capacity development because this combination enables e-government programs to create better public service provision and governance outcomes
Psychological Impacts of AI Dependence: Assessing the Cognitive and Emotional Costs of Intelligent Systems in Daily Life
Full text linkThe study explores the cognitive and emotional consequences of dependence on Artificial Intelligence among health professionals and educators in Punjab, Pakistan. As AI is increasingly being infused into professional practice, it becomes important to study the psychological impacts of such dependence to optimize the use of the technology. This study used a quantitative research approach with a sample of 500 health professionals and educators selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected from self-reporting questionnaires specifically designed to measure the cognitive and emotional consequences of AI usage. The statistical analysis was carried out through correlation and regression techniques and post-hoc analysis. Results: Various psychological outcomes were found to be very significantly associated with AI usage. The result showed that a long usage of an AI tool led to cognitive overload, meaning mental exhaustion, and subsequently decreased decision-making ability. Furthermore, the extent of AI usage was correlated with enhanced emotional stress. Professionals stated increased anxiety and pressure in critical decision-making as a result of the dependency on AI. Excessive AI usage was also associated with short attention span, therefore indicating a negative impact on the cognitive involvement of professionals. Additionally, moderate emotional dependence on AI systems was found, especially in health professionals and educators working under stressful conditions. These findings reflect the two-sided nature of the impact of AI: although AI systems contribute to efficiency and proper decision-making, they also generate severe cognitive and emotional challenges. The study points to the necessity of integrating AI with considerations for mental well-being and provides practical recommendations to balance out the psychological effects of dependence on AI. Some of the outcomes include the designing of AI tools that decrease the cognitive load, training on managing emotional dependency, and guidelines on using AI in high-pressure environments. Overall, this study contributes to the rising literature on the psychological impact of AI in professional settings and provides valuable insights toward the improvement of AI system design as well as the mental well-being of professionals in healthcare and education
Role of Blockchain Technology and Corporate Governance in Achieving Sustainability Performance
Full text linkThe study examines the impact of corporate governance and Blockchain technology on the sustainability performance of the organisations. We used the data ranging from 2016 to 2023 of the global 100 most sustainable corporations' sustainability reports in the Corporate Knights Index and applied panel data techniques for data analysis. The study reveals that CEO duality, managerial ownership, and board size significantly enhance organisational sustainability performance, while independent directors, management ownership, and auditors negatively impact the sustainability performance. Similarly, results showed that Blockchain technology has a significant positive effect on sustainability performance. The analysis implies that male and female diversity within a board negatively impacts Blockchain adoption, which implies that firms ought to strike a balance between the number of individuals in a board, CEO dualities, and the ownership of managers to enhance its sustainability. This research provides the conceptual and practical insight regarding the Blockchain technology to facilitate sustainability. The study provides theoretical and practical implications to managers, practitioners, researchers, governing bodies, and other stakeholders
Design and Validation of an Infection Prevention and Control Achievement Test for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Full text linkThis research was conducted in order to develop a valid and reliable test in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) among undergraduate nursing learners. Two research questions were identified to facilitate the determination of validity and reliability of the Infection Prevention and Control Achievement Test (IPCAT). It is 50 items multiple-choice objective test that is of 4 alternatives per question. A random sample of 191 staff nurses in some of the government healthcare facilities in Karachi, Pakistan, who attended special training courses on Infection Prevention and Control (IPC). These trainings were the planned project by the World Health Organization (WHO) along with the Government of Sindh in order to adopt random sample as a way of verifying and establishing the test validity and reliability. Following an item analysis; the outcome was that Infection Prevention and Control Achievement Test (IPCAT) is of high face and content validity. Difficulty and discrimination index was used to determine the test item validity. The formula of correction of guessing was applied and a difficult index or p-value of 0.5 in every item was observed. Discrimination index was created by means of points biserial statistics when at least 0.3 was the coefficient of correction in each of the items. This test has reliability coefficient of 0.939 determined on basis of Kuder-Richardson formula 20. They are a valid and reliable test to be used within the school to help in gauging students and thus prepare them to do the external tests. The results of this research present useful data to the nursing education fraternity as it allows a general test to help evaluate competence in infection management. Through its implementation, the quality of infection prevention training may improve and result in improved patient safety outcomes within the healthcare environment
Globalization, Renewable Energy, and Environmental Quality: Exploring Nonlinear Links and Moderating Effects
Full text linkThis study explores how different dimensions of globalization economic, social, and political shape environmental quality emerging economies from 2011 to 2024, based on data availability. Environmental quality is captured through a comprehensive index covering lead exposure, outdoor air pollution, particulate matter, and waste recovery. Using panel quantile regression (PQR), the analysis identifies a U-shaped relationship between overall, social, and political globalization and environmental quality, while economic globalization follows an inverted U-shaped pattern, consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Renewable energy consumption improves environmental outcomes but also moderates the globalization environment relationship. Its interaction with most forms of globalization increases environmental pressure, except in the case of political globalization, where it helps reduce deterioration. This aligns with institutional theory, suggesting that stronger political systems can turn globalization into a force for sustainability. Among the control variables, technological innovation helps reduce environmental stress, while weak institutions intensify it. The findings provide valuable insights for aligning globalization and renewable energy strategies toward better environmental outcomes