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State of the Research on Artificial Intelligence Based Apps for Post-Secondary Students with Disabilities
No full textWe conducted a general Google search and a scoping review of various types of artificial intelligence (AI) based technology – mobile, web-based, software, hardware – used by college and university students to do schoolwork. The main findings indicate that (1) there is no generally agreed upon definition of AI, and (2) there is a huge discrepancy between the popular press articles that are behind the AI hype and the scientific literature. The popular press provides an overview of the AI tools available to students with disabilities and discusses how students can use these tools. The scientific literature is primarily devoted to tool development and has poor methodology. We conclude that the potential of AI for post-secondary students with disabilities is enormous, but that informed research about these tools is scant, with a profound lack of demonstrated scalability. Research needs to address “real-world” uses of AI-based tools by post-secondary students with disabilities
Intégration de données quantitatives et qualitatives dans la recherche par méthodes mixtes : Un exemple
No full textEmploying a mixed methods approach to research is meant to deliver a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon under study. An integral step in mixed methods research is integrating qualitative and quantitative data. However, published reports rarely detail the process of mixing data from both approaches. Presented here is an illustration of integrating qualitative and quantitative data sets using a convergence table. A review of mixed methods research in LIS is presented, and a reflection on the challenges of integration is shared. As the mixed methods approach increases in LIS research, the example offered here aims to make integration more transparent.Le recours à l’approche par méthodes mixtes en recherche vise à fournir un examen complet d’un phénomène étudié. L’intégration de données qualitatives et quantitatives fait partie intégrante de la recherche par méthodes mixtes. Cependant, les rapports publiés ne détaillent que rarement le processus unissant des données issues des deux approches. Un exemple d’intégration de jeux de données qualitatives et quantitatives à l’aide d’un tableau de convergence est présenté ici. Une revue de la recherche par méthodes mixtes dans le domaine de la bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information est présentée, et une réflexion des défis liés à l’intégration est partagée. L’approche par méthodes mixtes en recherche étant de plus en plus utilisée en bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information, l’exemple proposé vise à rendre le processus d’intégration de données plus transparent
Impactos da COVID-19 Sobre Crianças e Adolescentes em Situação de Rua em São Paulo na Perspectiva de Profissionais que Atuam Com Essa População
No full textEste trabalho é resultado parcial de uma pesquisa que aborda os efeitos da COVID-19 sobre crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua na área central da cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa baseou-se no relato de profissionais envolvidos no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes acolhidos em instituições e aquelas que permaneceram nas ruas durante a pandemia. Os relatos apontam para impactos diferentes entre os dois grupos de crianças e adolescentes. Os/as que permaneceram nas ruas sofreram com o trabalho remoto dos/as educadores/as, e com o fechamento do comércio e esvaziamento das ruas na região central, o que reduziu suas fontes de renda e de alimentação, além de ficarem mais expostos à violência e ao consumo de drogas. Nas instituições, as rotinas foram adaptadas às exigências protocolares de higienização, limitação de saídas e de visitas familiares e as crianças tiveram prejuízos escolares com aulas à distância sem ter equipamentos necessários e familiaridade com esse tipo de ensino. Além disso, constatou-se um fluxo maior de entradas e saídas entre as crianças e adolescentes com trajetória de rua.
This work is the partial results of a research project that addresses the effects of COVID-19 on children and adolescents in street situation in the central area of the city of São Paulo. The research was based on the reports of professionals involved in the care of children and adolescents in shelters and those who remained on the streets during the pandemic. The reports point to different impacts between the two groups of children and adolescents. Those who remained on the streets suffered from the remote work of educators, closure of businesses, and emptying of the streets in the central region, which reduced their sources of income and food, besides being more exposed to violence and drug use. In the institutions, routines were adapted to the protocol requirements of hygiene, limitation of departures, and family visits, and children were detrimentally affected by remote learning since they did not have the necessary equipment and were not familiar with this type of teaching. In addition, there was a greater flow of entrances and exits among children and adolescents with street trajectories
An Empirical Study of the Evolution of L-Type BSE Virulence Under Both Horizontal and Vertical Transmission
No full textPrion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of the cellular prion protein PrPC into pathogenic conformers PrPSc. Recent experimentation with the transgenic mice and the discovery of prion strains’ self-replicability opens an avenue to compare the virulence of prions transmitted horizontally with prions transmitted vertically in BSE models.
The task of this review and proposal is to delineate the evolutionary relationship between prion vector and virulence. Similar to conventional wisdom, the hypothesis is that horizontally-transmitted prion strains will evolve to higher virulence whereas vertically-transmitted prion strains will evolve lower virulence.
To corroborate this hypothesis, in vivo experimentation will take place; bovine transgenic mice infected with L-type BSE PrPSc strains will be tested under horizontal and vertical transmission. In the study, vector evolution will be shown through serial passage of these infected mice over four generations. The results should demonstrate the ability to specialize in either horizontal or vertical transmission and the subsequent inability to transmit in the opposite vector. The virulence associated with vector specialization will be characterized by mortality percentage and net Aβ plaque density percentage. The results should demonstrate increasing mortality and Aβ plaque density percentages in the horizontal model and decreasing mortality and Aβ plaque density percentages in the vertical model.
The findings of this investigation will be significant because they will aid in formulating predictive models for treating zoonotic prion diseases, thus paving the way for human public health strategies
The Impact of Mask Mandates on the Trade-Off Between GDP and COVID-19 Mortality
No full textWe extend the Hall, Jones, and Klenow (2020) utilitarian model to find the maximum reduction in gross domestic product (GDP) that a representative agent would be willing to accept in the current period to avoid all deaths associated with COVID-19. We discover that the answer changes with the adoption and compliance of universal mask mandates in the United States (US). In the absence of a mask mandate, we determine that the representative agent would be willing to reduce GDP by 30% (approximately 4.0 trillion USD). This represents a $1.7 (USD) trillion improvement in the agent’s willingness to trade-off GDP and COVID-19 deaths, attributed to how mask mandates reduce the death rate faced by a representative agent. We also empirically analyze the trade-off between GDP and COVID-19 deaths, finding that the trade-off does not exist in the combined Q1 and Q2 2020 data. However, we discover that the trade-off does exist in Q3 unemployment data, that differential lockdowns influence macroeconomic variables, and that mask mandates can significantly reduce COVID-19 deaths
On the Origins of the ‘Unexplained’ English Surnames in North America
No full textThe Dictionary of American Family Names (Hanks 2003a) contains approximately 1,200 entries that are deemed to be of English origin but whose etymology has been left ‘unexplained’. An examination of the data reveals that the surnames in question can be divided into four groups. First, a genealogical analysis clearly shows that about a quarter of them have an origin other than English. Another 25 percent are not really ‘unexplained’ since they appear in a number of works on English names that were inexplicably not consulted. A further 17 percent have so far resisted all attempts to uncover their sources. It is the remaining third of these ‘unexplained’ family names that will constitute the object of the present study.Le Dictionary of American Family Names (Hanks 2003a) contient quelque 1 200 patronymes qui sont considérés comme étant d’origine anglaise, mais dont l’étymologie demeure inexpliquée. Un examen des données révèle que les noms en question peuvent être divisés en quatre groupes. D’abord, une analyse généalogique montre clairement qu’environ le quart a une origine autre qu’anglaise. Un autre 25 pour cent des noms n’est pas vraiment inexpliqué puisqu’ils se trouvent dans nombre d’ouvrages sur l’anthroponymie anglaise qui n’ont pas été consultés pour des raisons inconnues. Ensuite, 17 pour cent d’entre eux continuent de résister à toutes les tentatives d’en déterminer les sources. C’est le dernier tiers de ces noms de famille inexpliqués qui feront l’objet de la présente étude
Hechon: The Story of a Wendat Name
No full textThis article talks about the name ‘Hechon’ given by the Wendat (Huron) of Ontario to Jesuit Father Jean de Brébeuf, possibly as early as the 1620s. As was the cultural pattern among the Wendat, when Father Brébeuf died, the name was reborn in two of his colleagues, Father Pierre Chaumonot and Father Daniel Richer, later in the 17th century and in the early 18th century. I consulted three main types of sources: The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, several French-Wendat and Wendat-French dictionaries, and two grammars. Issues discussed in this paper include the name’s origin and how Hechon was spoken about in dictionaries and grammars.Cet article porte sur le nom « Hechon » donné par les Wendats (Hurons) de l’Ontario au jésuite Jean de Brébeuf vers les années 1620. Conformément au modèle culturel en usage chez les Wendats, suite à la mort du père Brébeuf, ce même nom fut successivement attribué à deux autres jésuites, soit Pierre Chaumonot au XVIIe siècle et Daniel Richer au début du XVIIIe siècle. Les principales sources consultées sont : The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, de nombreux dictionnaires français-wendat et wendat-français, ainsi que deux grammaires. Les questions examinées dans l’article se rapportent à l’origine du nom Hechon et au traitement dont il a fait l’objet dans les dictionnaires et les grammaires