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Weighing Identity in Procreative Decisions
No full textThe question of whether or not one should procreate is rarely cast as a personal choice in philosophical discourse; rather, it is presented as an ethical choice made against a backdrop of aggregate concerns. But justifications concerning procreation in popular culture regularly engage with the role that identity plays in making procreative decisions; specifically, how one’s decision will affect who they are and who they might be in the future. Women in particular cite the personally transformative aspects of becoming a parent — personal circumstances, including socioeconomic status, age, health, and relationship status — as the most important considerations for the decision they make regarding possible parenthood, and not the more aggregate concerns that an ethics of procreation prioritizes. I highlight women because when women undergo a transformative experience related to parenthood, they do so in contexts where the social, economic, and emotional effects related to pregnancy and motherhood are extensive and impose greater effects on women than men. These harmful material effects threaten a woman’s economic stability, career development, social relationships, and emotional health. Because of this, I argue that an ethics of procreation must engage with the ways in which women’s identities are transformed through procreative decisions
Does Participation in Full-Time Kindergarten Improve Metis Students’ School Outcomes? A Longitudinal Population-Based Study from Manitoba, Canada
No full textThis study, a partnership between <Organization 1> and <Organization 2>, investigated whether attending full-time kindergarten (FTK) was associated with better educational outcomes for Metis students in Manitoba, who may face unique barriers to academic success. We utilized linked administrative data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. For each measured education outcome, there were no significant differences in how Metis students who attended FTK vs Metis students who attended half-time kindergarten (HTK) performed. FTK does not provide sufficient support to Metis students to overcome the structural barriers to academic success they may face. It is likely that an upstream approach to addressing the structural barriers is needed to support improved outcomes in this population
Indigenous Community Projects: Addressing Colonization through Using Culture as a Protective Factor
No full textIndigenous communities have painful histories of colonization, resulting in historical trauma and adverse current community conditions (CCCs). This is a mixed method study of Administration for Native Americans grants that includes analysis of project summaries and CCCs as well as a analysis of impact and effectiveness scores finished projects are given by ANA evaluators. The results show that all grants included in the analysis are addressing colonization and almost half of the grants are utilizing culture as a protective factor. The projects using culture as a protective factor have significantly higher effectiveness ratings, which means they are achieving their objectives more than those not using culture. Grantee project examples are in the discussion. The paper concludes with policy implications for funders
The role of attachment style and threat on information-seeking behaviour in new romantic relationships
No full textThe current study explored the impact of the association between attachment anxiety and perceived relationship threat on information-seeking in new romantic relationships. Data used for the current study was collected for a larger study and included 62 heterosexual and non-heterosexual couples (n = 124). First, participants completed an online survey, which measured attachment anxiety. Next, the couple came into the lab for a getting-to-know-you task, in which they reported on their own and perceived partner’s preferences to 16 relationship topics (e.g., wanting children), and then had the option to view their partner’s responses. It was hypothesized that higher levels of perceived relationship threat (i.e., perceived discrepancies in relationship preferences with one’s partner) would predict higher levels of information-seeking. Additionally, it was hypothesized that individuals higher in attachment anxiety would engage in more information-seeking by choosing to view more of their partner’s self-reported relationship preferences. Lastly, it was hypothesized that attachment style would moderate the association between perceived relationship threat and information-seeking. Consistent with the hypotheses, the results showed a positive association between attachment anxiety and information-seeking, as well as a marginally significant positive association between perceived relationship threat and information-seeking. However, there was no significant interaction between attachment anxiety and perceived relationship threat on information-seeking. These results provide valuable insight into the heightened information-seeking tendencies of those higher in attachment anxiety in early-stage relationships
Examining the relationship between racial fetishism and mental well-being in women of colour
No full textWomen of colour (WOC) often experience racial fetishization. Previous qualitative research has reported the negative impacts of racial fetishism on the mental well-being of racialized women. The present study quantitatively investigated the sparsely studied relationship between racial fetishism and mental well-being. Undergraduate WOC (N = 180) completed an online battery of self-report measures. A correlational analysis revealed a positive relationship between racial fetishism and depression, trauma symptoms of discrimination, and personal safety anxiety. A mediation analysis revealed personal safety anxiety as a mediator of the relationship between racial fetishism and trauma symptoms of discrimination. The results provide the first form of quantitative evidence and explanation for a relationship between racial fetishism and poor mental well-being in WOC. Future studies should investigate the consequences of racial fetishism on women with multiple marginalized identities
Mackenzie King’s Two Foreign Policies and his Visit to Nazi Germany
No full textThe essay discusses Mackenzie King's two foreign policies: one for anglophone Canada and the second for francophone Canada. Many English-speaking Canadians demanded that Canada take responsibility for protecting Britain. On the other hand, many Quebecers favoured an isolationist mentality and rejected any obligation to send Canadian troops overseas. The essay explains how King formulated these two foreign policies, and how he used them on his famous visit to Nazi Germany in 1937
Application of multi-valued rough neutrosophic set and matrix in multi-criteria decision-making: Multi-valued neutrosophic rough set and matrix
No full textRough set concept is a methodology of information processing for relational databases. It is a unique uncertainty mathematics topic closely connected to fuzzy set theory. When the rough set is combined with neutrosophic set theory, an effective tool for working with indeterminacy arises. In this study, we defined a multi-valued rough neutrosophic set and a multi-valued rough neutrosophic matrix. Using separation measures, we introduced a new approach for a multi-valued neutrosophic with a rough structure. We consider the problem of determining the condition of dengue-affected patients in a specific hospital. Using this method, we create a multi-valued rough neutrosophic decision matrix that clearly displays the relationship between patient conditions and symptoms. We can determine which one has a serious condition by solving this problem and presenting it on the graph
Dynamical analysis of a COVID-19 model with human-to-human and environment-to-human transmissions and distributed delays
No full textSARS-CoV-2 can survive in different environments and remain infectious for several days, which presents challenges to eliminating infectious diseases. It encourages researchers to study the effects of SARS CoV-2 on the environment. In this paper, we formulate an epidemic model for SARS-CoV-2, which focuses on the transmission of the virus under environmental conditions. Two distributed delays are introduced to describe the probability of the exposed and infected individuals in different infection periods based on the transmission of the virus in the environment. Th positivity and boundedness of solutions of model are derived. The basic reproduction number threshold theory is established and the results demonstrate that the persistence of COVID-19 depends on the basic reproduction number. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results. Some measures are proposed to control and eliminate COVID-19 infectious diseases
Invisíveis Vigiados: Agentes Públicos de Segurança e Sua Interação Com os Indivíduos em Situação de Rua: Monitored and Invisible People: Public Security Officers and Their Interaction with Homeless Individuals
No full textO artigo analisa as percepções dos agentes das forças públicas de segurança sobre os indivíduos em situação de rua em uma metrópole brasileira. Tal análise mostra-se essencial para verificar a adequação/inadequação dos parâmetros de atuação do Estado em relação a essa população vulnerável. Realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva por meio de estudo de caso com a Guarda Civil Municipal de Belo Horizonte (GMBH) e a Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais (PMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando-se 18 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os achados de pesquisa reforçam a discricionariedade como núcleo inerente à atividade das forças públicas de segurança na lide com as pessoas em situação de rua, a partir de um viés preconceituoso e estigmatizante, centrado em um policiamento de cunho tradicional, estruturado a partir de práticas repressivas e de sujeição criminal. O estudo evidenciou ainda uma atuação de cunho “higienista” por parte dos agentes públicos de segurança, de fiscalização e controle das pessoas e do espaço urbano, geralmente voltados para interesses de atores com maior voz no contexto social (comerciantes, agentes imobiliários, residentes etc.) e não às necessidades das populações vulneráveis. Por sua vez, enquanto os agentes da GMBH denotam maior grau de imersão e apreensão do contexto urbano, os policiais militares atuam visando a persecução do “inimigo”, não obstante o ethos policial guerreiro permear a ação de ambas as forças públicas de segurança. O estudo contribui para desvendar a ação policial no trato com populações vulneráveis em um contexto urbano marcado por desigualdades apontando para a necessidade de aprimoramento na formação policial.
The article examines the public security officers’ perceptions of homeless individuals in a Brazilian metropolis. Such analysis is essential to verify the adequacy/inadequacy of the State's parameters of action about this vulnerable population. The authors performed a qualitative and descriptive research through a case study, with the Municipal Civil Guard of Belo Horizonte (GMBH) and the Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using 18 semi-structured interviews. Research findings reinforce discretion as a core inherent in the activity of public security forces when dealing with homeless people, from a prejudiced and stigmatizing bias centered on traditional policing, based on repressive practices and criminal subjection. The study also highlighted a “hygienist” approach by the public security, inspection and control officers on people and urban space, usually focused on the interests of agents with a greater voice in the social context (traders, real estate agents, residents etc.) and not on the needs of vulnerable populations. On the other hand, while GMBH agents denote a greater degree of immersion and concern for the urban context, military police act to pursue the “enemy”, despite the warlike police ethos permeating the action of both security forces. The study contributes to uncovering police action needs when dealing with vulnerable populations in an urban context marked by inequalities, showing the need for improvement in police formation