GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
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Social Inequality and Discontent in the Umayyad Period: A Historical Review
Get PDFUmayyad Caliphate, which conquered big parts of the Islamic empire, had very severe problems related to increase of social differences (chasm). This paper will explore the Umayyad state from 661 to 750 AD on the basis of its cauldron of disturbance. It, by its front and center, analyzes all the reasons of that the whole society was so restless, like all those tremendous inequalities in wealth distribution, the use of conversion policies which the Arab gentlemen only could use, and that the people who were Muslim, but not Arab, experienced the devastating results of these things. Through this examination, it reveals that it is one of the major identified triggers for the uprisings. The Mukhtar al-Thaqafi Movement is just one example while Shia dissent provide another example of of this issue. By a careful examination of the historical documents, its interpretation by the scholars today, the social complexities that were present will be made plain and they will throw some light into the reason for the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate.
Keywords: Umayyad Caliphate, Social Inequality, Discontent, Shia Dissen
Waheed Tabish Poetry: Introduction and Analysis : کلام وحید تابش:تعارف و تجزیہ
No full textWaheed Tabish was the poetic brilliance of Urdu literature and poetry. His poetry is the incarnation of social and intellectual insight of the particular epoch, but he could not come to the literary-critical limelight due to his confinement in a backward area. His poetic work is unpublished. The researcher collected and compiled his literary work. This research paper is a sort of preface to have a keen understanding of his work. In this research paper a short introduction, his poetic work has been given. Main features of his poetry have also been presented with relevant examples.
Keywords: Waheed Tabish, Poetry, Dera Ghazi Khan, Manuscript of Tabish.  
Correlation Between Teachers' Familiarity with Student-Centered Methods and Classroom Participation Levels in the Government Schools in KPK, Pakistan
Get PDFThis study explores the correlation between teachers' familiarity with student-centered teaching methods and the level of student participation in government schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A quantitative research design was employed to collect data from 250 students and 80 teachers. The study used probability sampling techniques to select participants, and data were gathered through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis, regression analysis, and t-tests to examine the relationship between teacher familiarity with student-centered approaches and student participation. The results indicated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p < 0.01) between teachers' use of student-centered teaching methods and the level of student participation. Regression analysis revealed that teacher familiarity with these methods accounted for 45% of the variance in student participation (R² = 0.45, p < 0.05). The t-test further confirmed that there were significant differences in student participation between schools with highly familiar teachers and those with limited familiarity (t = 11.26, p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the need for professional development programs to enhance teachers' knowledge and application of student-centered teaching methods to foster a more engaging learning environment.
Keywords: student-centered teaching methods, teacher familiarity, student participation, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, education, teacher training, classroom engagement
Publication Advertisements: Content That Is Animated and Engaging
Get PDFThis study examines how evocative text influences two specific aspects of the attractiveness of print marketing. These appeals focus on examining the variations in the intensity of visual images that individuals constantly encounter. The impact of vividness on persons' self-reported visual imagery in informational advertisements for functional products is significant. This conclusion is substantiated by the fact that vivid dad elicited a much more positive brand sentiment compared to pallida. However, the responders' low VVI was not affected by the excellent material. However, it is important to note that the use of vibrant material enhanced the way consumers perceived a brand when it was used in transformative advertising for experiential items, regardless of the variations in how individuals mentally visualize images. This is likely because advertising that display remarkable transformations evoke vivid mental imagery in the minds of all viewers.Based on the results of the two studies, advertisers are recommended to use dynamic and engaging graphics in print ads that aim to bring about a change in the viewer's perception. On the other hand, for print ads that aim to provide information, advertisers should use clear and vivid written language. The advise is based on the results of the examinations
The Relationship Between Stress, Coping Strategies and Religiosity among Pakistani Professionals
Get PDFThe study sought to understand the relationship between coping strategies and religiosity among different professionals in Pakistan. After reviewing the relevant and existing literature these hypotheses were formulated to investigate in the present study. These hypotheses (a) there would be relationship between religiosity and coping strategies (b) There would be a significant relationship between religiosity and dimensions of coping i.e. problem focused, emotion focused and dysfunctional coping, (c) there would be gender difference in using coping strategies and level of religiosity (d) Doctors, bankers, lawyers and teachers will differ in their use of different types of coping strategies tested. Data was collected through convenient sampling from 354 participants, 195 were males while 158 were females. Participants were professionals, Lawyers, Teachers, Bankers and Doctors between the ages of 25-60. Coping Strategies were measured under the rubric of three dimensions of coping using COPE (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989), and Belief into Action Scale (Koenig, et al., 2015) was used to measure religiosity. Participants were required to complete these two self-reported measures along with demographic form. Data was analyzed through statistical analysisThe findings of this study showed a weak significant (p=< .01) relationship between coping strategies and religiosity. Males used problem focused coping strategies and emotion focused coping strategies significantly (p=<.01) more often than females. The findings also showed that lawyers used problem focused coping strategies and emotion focused coping strategies significantly (p= < .05) more often than any other group of professionals while doctors used more dysfunctional coping strategies than other groups of professionals. The study concluded that religion might or might not be helpful for individuals in coping with stressful situations. Males and lawyers used more coping strategies than females and other professional groups respectively. Implications and limitations of the study have been discussed
Keywords: Stress, Coping, Religiosity, Professionals, Pakistan
The Ethnography and Archaeology of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers, Or the Brutality of Archaeological Ethnographic Records
Get PDFThe constraints imposed on anthropological fieldwork have likely influenced the literature on hunter-gatherers, resulting in diverse interpretations regarding their era, location, and behaviors. This study explores the historical context of several theoretical frameworks and demonstrates the frequent utilization of anthropological theory by archaeologists. In addition, it raises questions about whether particular buildings had the necessary sensitivity to accommodate the diverse range of activities recorded in ancient times. By integrating excavation methodologies with ethnography, researchers are able to effectively reconstruct the structure and organization of the ethnographic record within the archaeological site. This facilitates a more comprehensive comprehension of historical events
What is the relationship between Christianity and justice in the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission? This is an analysis of strategies to resolve religious disagreements.
Get PDFExperts in the field of peaceful resolution of international disputes concur that throughout history, organized religion has consistently been a significant predictor of imminent violent wars. As a result, these ideologies often overlook the importance of religion in promoting togetherness. Scholars who have recently proposed the idea argue that including religion into a conflict resolution framework offers substantial advantages. If individuals hold religious ideas and practices in high esteem, it is crucial to incorporate them into conflict resolution endeavors. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of South Africa, in which Christianity had a crucial role, serves as an exemplary conflict resolution approach. This study examines the intricate influence of Christianity on the concept of justice inside Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRCs), specifically focusing on Richard Wilson's viewpoints. The investigation involves conducting interviews with prominent individuals who have expressed opposition to TRCs.
Keywords: Dealing with conflicts, justice, South Africa, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and Christianity
Lessons from Pakistan: Analyzing the Effects of Peace and Conflict through Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA)
Get PDFDue to the prior presence of International Development Agencies (IDAs) in countries affected by violence, it was deemed crucial in the first decade of the 21st century to thoroughly examine, understand, and approach the outcomes of these efforts with care. The concept of Peace and War Impact Assessment (PCIA) emerged as a response to the challenges and complexities associated with development and humanitarian initiatives in war zones. The Peacebuilding and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) highlights the importance of conducting conflict analyses at crucial stages of project cycles and before commencing operations in conflict-affected or conflict-prone areas, in order to uphold peace and promote conflict sensitivity. The objective of these investigations should be to maintain concord and enhance awareness of future disputes. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Performance and Competency Improvement Assessment (PCIA) undertaken by the Pakistani Industrial Development Authorities (IDAs). Previous studies have shown that there is a lack of understanding of Participatory Community Impact Assessment (PCIA) at the project level. Moreover, individuals operating at the grassroots level have a limited comprehension of these tactics. After conducting a comprehensive investigation of the disparities between theory and practice, several suggestions were put forward as possible solutions
Handling arguments concerning rivers
Get PDFThis study adds to the existing knowledge on the correlation between limited resources and global conflicts. This study focuses on analyzing the many tactics that national governments utilize to resolve conflicts related to rivers, regardless of whether the environment is hostile or cooperative. Our goal is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of various solutions in resolving the controversial problems addressed. To be more explicit, we focus on the contradictory claims that occur in relation to rivers that cross national boundaries. To illuminate the found variances in conflict management tactics and their effectiveness, we focus on two key issues: the limited water availability and the institutions involved. Weargue argues that conditions marked by a profound shortage of accessible water increase the likelihood of violent conflicts arising from competing demands for freshwater resources. Moreover, the presence of these conflicts presents substantial obstacles to the establishment and efficient administration of organizations specifically designed to address these issues. The objective of these groups is to intervene and resolve these conflicts. In addition, we analyze the impact of both comprehensive and river-specific groups that aim to promote peace. We argue that being a member of such organizations should encourage the adoption of peaceful approaches to resolve problems related to rivers. After examining the river claims data from 1900 to 2001, obtained from the Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) Project, it became clear that the presence of river-specific institutions reduces the likelihood of militarization and improves the success of peaceful settlement attempts. Data was collected from 1900 to 2001, covering a period of one century. However, the exacerbation of water scarcity heightens the likelihood of military resolution and augments the probability of diplomatic resolutions being ineffective. Elsevier Limited began distributing the book in 2005. All of our rights are reserved
Being There, There, There, And There! Thoughts On Multi-Site Ethnography
Get PDFAnthropology has seen a rise in the practice of multilocal fieldwork, which involves conducting research in many locations, since the 1980s. This article explores the disparities in approach and underlying beliefs between modern research methods and the conventional practice of doing fieldwork at a single location, which has been in existence since the mid-1900s. The essay specifically examines and differentiates qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Anthropologists from Stockholm University have conducted research on the activities of foreign journalists in the media industry. The study mainly relies on their discoveries. More precisely, the author's assessment of these actions is emphasized. This study comprehensively examines many facets of fieldwork conducted at multiple locations. This process involves analyzing the temporal aspects of the sites and fieldwork, reviewing the data commonly gathered in multi-site studies, assessing how well the fieldwork aligns with organizational and career contexts, exploring specific study topics, and choosing suitable locations. Further examination of these attributes can result in the creation of subcategories.
Keywords: multi-site ethnography, place, time, field work, observation, job cycle, journalism, and writing to people in other countrie