GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
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Regional Dynamics in Afghanistan: Unraveling the Roles of India, Pakistan, and China and Charting a Path Ahead
No full textThe abrupt withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan in August 2021 led to a swift collapse of the Afghan government and the Taliban's resurgence, exacerbating existing governance and humanitarian crises. This paper examines the involvement of Pakistan, China, and India in post-US withdrawal Afghanistan, analyzing their approaches, motivations, and the implications for regional security and politics. Through a qualitative analysis, the study explores the historical, cultural, economic, and strategic factors shaping the countries' engagement with Afghanistan. Pakistan's complex relationship with the Taliban, China's preference for multilateral diplomacy, and India's security concerns and efforts to counter Pakistan's influence are investigated. The paper employs a rational choice model to understand the decision-making processes of these states, highlighting areas of overlap, cooperation, and competition in Afghanistan, such as security, economic interests, regional influence, and strategic positioning. Despite some limited cooperation, historical baggage, domestic politics, and regional rivalries hinder deeper collaboration. The paper concludes with recommendations for Pakistan to enhance its role in Afghanistan, including adopting a multilateral approach, facilitating the international socialization of the Taliban, engaging constructively with the Afghan government, collaborating with regional powers, engaging with India on shared interests, promoting economic development, and addressing domestic security challenges.
Keywords. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Security, Politics, Challenge
جیلانی بانو کے افسانوں میں نسوانی کرداروں کا تنقیدی جائزہ
No full textJilani Bano was a famous writer Urdu language. She was born in14 July 1936.She start writing in 1956 her first story Aik nazar ider bhi. She was great feminist. She writes about women rights. She writes about Deccan civilization and culture. Jilani Bano is one of the best short story writers who expressed the feminist approach in her short stories. She pointed out the social exploitation which every women face every day from dawn to dusk. The literature is filled with examples, where women have complained of their subdued status, yet it is important to understand that in order to develop a healthy society. It is essential to encourage the growth of individuality amongst women.
Keyword: Jilani bano, short story, urdu literature
The Relevance of Libraries in The Process of Cultivating Literate Populations
Get PDFThis essay examines the difficulties that libraries encounter in establishing literate societies that foster lifelong education, while also commending libraries for their boundless capacity and vibrant creativity. It underscores the need of advocating for books and libraries to enhance literacy, advance educational reform, and ensure enduring reading skills. These factors contribute to the eradication of poverty and the advancement of emerging economies. Libraries promote responsible participation in a global democratic society by ensuring equal access to information for all citizens. If those in positions of authority who are responsible for making decisions and policies genuinely prioritize the importance of literacy, libraries, and a populace that possesses the ability to read and takes pleasure in reading, they will be willing to allocate a portion of the scarce resources towards the upkeep of libraries. Libraries can significantly contribute to the attainment of the Education for All and Millennium Development Goals when they have adequate resources
Putin Doctrine in Russian Foreign Policy, Challenges for us
Get PDFThe main guidelines and orientations of Russia’s foreign policy include a set of principles and strategies known as the Putin Doctrine developed by Russian President Vladimir Putin. As it goes without saying, being concentrated on the problems which the Putin Doctrine poses to the USA, this work introduced a clear method on how to study the subject and its impact on political relations in global level. In the given work, to explore the theoretical propositions outlined in the Putin Doctrine, the stages of development, and the principles of the Putin Doctrine, the information garnered from official governmental sources, academic journals, and primary documents is used. For an understanding of how the Doctrine has influenced the decisions of the Russian foreign policy and led to the aggressive actions in the cyber space, the Middle East, and in Eastern Europe. The research also measures the influence of the Putin Doctrine on the relations with the United States and Russia that includes conflicts and disagreements that come from actor interest and objectives. In this context, the article tries to look at policy measures over one to five US administrations to know whether there are outcomes out there that might in some way help mend US-Russian relations and in enhancing stability in a world of more polarity. The present study also analyses the effects of Putin Doctrine on the global security along with safety and peace, diplomacy as well as the process of extending alliance and other procedures to resolve the issues, if any. Based on the found out policy implications of the Putin Doctrine and defining the potential of the approaching century world politics, the article identifies the policy implications and the future research opportunities for the topic.
Keywords: Putin’s Doctrine, International Security, Diplomatic Engagement, Policy Implications
 
A Comparative Study between Pakistan and Brunei Halal Food Standards Related to Standards of Machines, Utensils, Production Lines and Devices: دراسة مقارنة بين معيار جمهورية باكستان الإسلامية ومعيار سلطنة بروناي دارالسلام لصناعة الأغذية الحلال المتعلقة بمع
No full textIslamic Republic of Pakistan is a Muslim Country as it has a large Muslim population those needs are also Halal about food sector. And Negara Brunei Darussalam is also a Islamic country. So both has a Halal food Standards which fulfills the needs of country. Pakistan Halal food standard is known as: PS3733-2019, and Brunei Halal food standard is known as: PBD24-2007. Comparative study between Halal food standards reveals several things like similarities and deferences between them, and features of each of these standards and their sources. This leads to improving the standards by adding clauses into other standard in which the important clauses are not available, in this way we learn how to mutually benefit from each standard. Therefore, the researcher in this article chose the appropriate topic in Halal and Haram food especially in manufacturing and preparation standards which covers machines, utensils, production lines and devices for comparative study between Pakistan and Brunei food standards; because in this topic we found many challenges. We must pay attention to this topic, otherwise Halal food can be transformed into Haram. So the comparative study of this article aim to highlights the similarities and deferences between these two standards, and by this way, we can control the problems in this aeria and thus we fully implement it in the Halal food industry.
Key words: Comparative study, Pakistan, Brunei, Halal food Standards, Machines, utensils, tools, production lines, device
Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Heads of the Household in Dir Lower, Pakistan
Get PDFSince the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, efforts have been underway for the prevention of this disease. The vaccine is one of the ways to protect people from this pandemic but vaccine hesitancy among people is creating hurdles in attaining herd immunity against Covid-19. Vaccine hesitancy varies by socio-cultural and demographic factors among countries. Thus, the decision of the head of the household may have a significant role in successful immunization against this disease. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore factors described by the head of the household associated with vaccine hesitancy in Dir Lower, Pakistan. A qualitative methodology is used, such as interviewing the male head of the household through a purposive sampling technique. Overall, 17 persons were interviewed. In-person interviews were conducted with each participant. Collected qualitative interviews were analyzed thematically. Results indicate two main factors: Mistrust of state and global COVID-19 preventive measures with the perception of mass killing and denial of COVID-19 as a pandemic by providing the alternative perspective that it is a normal flu, not a fatal disease and the belief of a fixed time of death comes to one.
Keywords: Socio-Cultural Factors Covid-19 pandemic, disease, Qualitative, vaccin
Medical Consultation Training of MBBS Students in Lahore: An Outcome-Based Education Approach
Get PDFThe theoretical and practical aspects of medical education are not well aligned especially when it comes to the communication skills that are crucial for providing high-quality care. This problem is apparent in the medical schools in Lahore where students are ill-prepared for clinical encounters because theory is given more weight in the curriculum than actual communication practice. This is addressed by our study which teaches medical students communication skills using the principles of Outcome-Based Education (OBE). To guarantee that students gain vital consultation skills OBE places a strong emphasis on precise learning objectives individualized instruction and assessments that are in line with each other. Our goal is to evaluate students’ opinions of the training they are receiving currently as well as their self-reported proficiency levels in relation to OBE benchmarks. In particular we investigate the perceptions of skill evaluation and training effectiveness held by students at Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Sixty students from various study years participate in focus groups and a structured questionnaire to provide quantitative and qualitative data. With variances in proficiency levels underscoring the need for consistent OBE-aligned training analysis reveals significant gaps in practical communication training. Our results highlight the significance of incorporating structured communication training into medical curricula in order to close the knowledge gap and better equip students for clinical encounters in the real world.
Keywords- Medical Consultation Training MBBS Students, Outcome-Based, Education Approach and Lahor
Responsibilities of Preacher Toward one who Preached in the Light of Tafsir Al -Vasit Li ‘I -Quran -e- Kareem by Muhammad Sayeed al Tantawi: الداعى إلى الله وواجباته تجاه المدعو في" التفسير الوسيط للقرآن الكريم" لسيد محمد الطنطاوي-رحمه الله
No full textDr. Sayed Muhammad al-Tantawi one of the prominent scholar. He was late Sheikh of Al-Azhar 1996 AD to 2010 AD .He was known for his moderate Islamic thought, which combined tradition and modernity. He played a prominent role in reforming Muslim society by mitigating intolerance hatred and ignorance.He was a great preacher and authors .He authored ‘’ Tafsir el –vasit li ‘I –Quran –e- Karim, which is modern Tafsir that contains specific role for proper methodology of dawah .and in this paper the researcher tries to uncover the responsibilities of a preacher toward one who preached in the lightTafsir of Dr Tantawi.
Key words: responsibilities of preacher, toward one who preached Tafsir el –vasit li ‘I –Quran –e- Karim, Dr. Sayed Muhammad al-Tantawi
South Asian Oceanic Belt: A Fertile Region for Super Powers’ Geopolitical Monopole Interests’ Cultivation and Marketing
Get PDFDue to its strategic important location and economic and defense position whole Asia specially, South Asian region along with its Oceanic Belt is a fertile region for Super powers’ geopolitical monopoly interests’ cultivation and market because it produces raw material as well as labor power immensely. Both raw material and labor power are necessary for industrial progress and enhancement. To achieve this precious but cheap wealth, under some secret policies global powers had been playing monopoly game. This global game specially to extend the Indo-Pak mutual animosities has played a central role. Regionally, the both Pakistan and India have a lot of experiences with bitter realities. Expanding political ideologies and interests in south Asia, particularly during cold war era this interference of super powers has exploited the Asian peace and prosperity. This research article is an attempt to review the super powers geo-political role and intervention in the South Asian geopolitics.
Key Words: Geo-global politics, strategic importance, Powers, stations Interests, global Economic Game. 
Challenging Muslim Female Identity and the Conflict of Western Social Expectations and Religious Visibility: A Postcolonial Feminist View
Get PDFThis Paper examines Muslim women's struggles with social expectations and religious identities in two novels: "The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf" by MohjaKahf and "Does My Head Look Big In This?". In the context of Muslim women's feminine identities amidst conflict due to religious visibility like Hijab in socially anticipated and demanding western settings, modern Anglophone literature is examined. Post-colonial feminist theory is used to analyse the text qualitatively through critical reading revealing literary aspects and representations that underscore Muslim women's struggles in Western countries. The research uses McKee's interpretive textual analysis, emphasising context and various interpretations as the autonomy, resilience, cultural integration, prejudice followed by identity were key words and themes in data collecting.The research revealed that Muslim women's complicated identity struggled between religious visibility and Western social expectations as in Randa Abdel-Fattah's work, the protagonist endured sleeplessness owing to the dread of wearing the headscarf in a potentially hostile situation. This internal conflict demonstrated how societal marginalisation affects Muslim women's mental health, as they must balance their religious identification with the dread of social discrimination. Additionally the conflict between cultural values and social inclusion is another important discovery as Uncle Joe's admonition to hide one's culture for social progress highlighted the conflict between cultural authenticity and social acceptability under which Muslim women and their families feel forced to sacrifice Islamic values for social and economic prospects in the diaspora. Similarly the protagonist's distress when her community is wrongly identified with Islamic radicalism showed how stereotyping affects relationships as this example demonstrated how daily micro-aggressions. On the other hand, Khadra's hijab experience in "The Girl with the Tangerine Scarf" emphasised its symbolic and emotional meaning as her resolve to wear the broken hijab showed her tenacity in keeping her cultural and religious identity despite social pressures. Along with that the ideological conflict between Islamic and Western values is concluded by Khadra's condemnation of Western individualism as her prioritisation of community over self-interest showed the basic difference in values.The research highlighted that Muslim women in Western nations struggle to preserve their religious and cultural identities despite competing social expectations. Identity negotiation is complicated by psychological stress, assimilation pressure, stereotyping and ideological disagreements while the Cultural competency, empathy and inclusive policies that recognise and accept multiple identities are needed to facilitate Muslim women's free expression.
Keywords: Identity Negotiation, Religious Visibility, Cultural Integration, Psychological Strain and Stereotyping