Scholarship at Parkland

https://spark.parkland.edu/theatre_images/3579/thumbnail.jp

Parkland College

12 Angry Jurors

https://spark.parkland.edu/theatre_images/3597/thumbnail.jp

https://spark.parkland.edu/theatre_images/3605/thumbnail.jp

Irving Berlin\u27s White Christmas

https://spark.parkland.edu/theatre_images/3629/thumbnail.jp

https://spark.parkland.edu/theatre_images/3632/thumbnail.jp

https://spark.parkland.edu/theatre_images/3634/thumbnail.jp

Steffens, Sara

English

The Role of Prejudice in Political Campaigns

Adams, Kayla

Cota, Marissa

Mullis, Victoria

Health Professions Programs - Parkland College

The reasons as to why Alexander the Great should not be considered  great

Thompson, Pierce

Alexander’s Apocalypse

Background   The increased virulence of Salmonella enterica in extraintestinal infections has been attributed to its ability survive and replicate in macrophage phagosome. Salmonella can adapt to low pH and low Mg2+ conditions encountered in the phagosome. 1 To counteract the low magnesium conditions in the macrophage phagosome and ensure viability, intracellular polyamine (PA) production is critical. 1  Salmonella can synthesize putrescine in addition to other polyamines

Lindsay-Olivera, Fiona

Burris, Brooke

Slauch, James

Fiona Lindsay-Olivera 1, Brooke Burris 2, and Dr. James Slauch 2
Parkland College, Champaign, Illinois1
Department of Microbiology, College of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign2
Elucidation of Gene Regulation That Allow Salmonella enterica to Survive in Low
Magnesium Conditions
Acknowledgments
Financial support was provided by the National Science 
Foundation under grant #NSF REU 2349220/2349221, 
as part of the MICRO-CCS: Microbial Interactions Create 
Research Opportunities for Community College Students 
program through the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign and Parkland College: 
https://publish.illinois.edu/micro-ccs/
I would like thank Dr. James Slauch, Brooke Burris, and 
Claire Murphy for their extreme patience and brilliant 
minds. Thank you to Dr. Hind and Dr. Lloyd for the 
opportunity to participate in MICRO CCS. 
References
Future Work
Conclusions
Results
Background
Project Aim
• The increased virulence of 
Salmonella enterica  in 
extraintestinal infections has 
been attributed to its ability 
survive and replicate in 
macrophage phagosome.
• To counteract the low 
magnesium conditions in the 
macrophage phagosome and 
ensure viability, intracellular 
polyamine (PA) production is 
critical.1
• Salmonella can synthesize 
putrescine in addition to other 
polyamines.
• The speA gene is the first 
committed step to Putrescine 
synthesis. It has been shown 
to me upregulated in the 
absence of putrescine. Its
regulation is unknown.
Using the speA-lacZY fusion  to elucidate regulation of speA:
The absence of the mutant phenotype in the 
transductants lead us to believe that the mutation is 
not linked to the fusions, therefore the regulation of 
the speA gene is not in the fusion but
somewhere else in the genome. The significant
increased frequency of mutations in plates with 
putrescine may also rule out regulation by a
repressor.
1. Iwadate, Y.; Golubeva, Y. A.; Slauch, J. M. Cation Homeostasis: 
Coordinate Regulation of Polyamine and Magnesium Levels in 
Salmonella. mBio 2023, 14 (1), e02698-22. DOI: 
10.1128/mbio.02698-22.
2. Iwadate Y, Ramezanifard R, Golubeva YA, Fenlon LA, Slauch JM. Pa
eA (YtfL) protects from cadaverine and putrescine stress 
in Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli. Mol 
Microbiol. 2021; 115: 1379–
1394. https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14686
• Genomic DNA extraction of four mutants.
• Comparative genomics on sequenced mutants to 
identify the location of the gene and/ or genes 
regulating speA activity. 
• Plasmid DNA extraction from transformants and
remove duplicates from sample pool.
• Amplify genome fragment in plasmid and 
sequence for regulatory elements.
Graph 1. Results from β-
galactosidase assays on ΔspeA-
lacZY in WT and Δsynth (Δ speA,  
Δ speB, ΔspeC, ΔspeF,  ΔspeDE Δ 
speG ΔcadA, ΔldcC) backgrounds. 
The β-galactosidase activity units 
are defined as (mmol of ortho-
nitrophenol formed per minute)  
106/(OD600  mL of cell 
suspension) and are presented as 
the mean ± SD, n=9. Statistical 
analyses were performed using an
unpaired t test. 
Four mutants were found from a seven-day enrichment.
WT speA-lac 1 Mutant 1.1.1 Mutant 2.5.1Mutant 1.4.1Mutant 1.3.2
Transductant phenotypes indicate unlinked regulation of speA.
About 150 transformants with 
mutant phenotype where 
selected and plasmid DNA was 
extracted.
Salmonella can adapt to low pH 
and low Mg2+ conditions 
encountered in the 
phagosome.1
Putrescine production has been proven 
indispensable to the adaptation of Salmonella 
enterica to low Mg2+ conditions.1 
Enrichment with 1X NCE 
media.
Low-copy plasmid pwks30 is 
introduced into WT cells with fusion.
Mutants from enrichment or transformants 
identified on lac-selective media.
Phenotype is confirmed.
Mutant DNA is  transduced into wild 
type (WT ) Salmonella. Mutations are 
confirmed linked or unlinked. 
Plasmid DNA is extracted. 
Restriction enzymes narrow the 
region sent to sequence.
Samples are sent to sequence. Comparative analysis of 
mutants or transformants and parent strains is performed.
MacConkey + 1mM 
Putrescine
Tetrazolium + 1mM 
Putrescine
If linked
Region of mutation 
is amplified by PCR
If unlinked
1.1.1 1.3.2 1.4.1 2.5.1
Mutant parent Parent Mutant parent
Mutant parent
FUSIONORIGINAL
Transformants   
in MacConkey 
+1mM 
Putrescine
Transformants 
in Tetrazolium 
+1mM 
Putrescine


Parkland College

Not a member yet

12 Angry Jurors

12 Angry Jurors

Irving Berlin\u27s White Christmas

Irving Berlin\u27s White Christmas

Irving Berlin\u27s White Christmas

Irving Berlin\u27s White Christmas

The Role of Prejudice in Political Campaigns

Health Professions Programs - Parkland College

Alexander’s Apocalypse

Elucidation of Gene Regulation That Allow Salmonella enterica to Survive in Low Magnesium Condition s

2,898

8,024