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A novel approach to minimize the Black Hole attacks in Vehicular IoT Networks
No full textVehicular Ad-hoc IoT Networks (VA-IOT) have gained significant attention due to their ability to enable the distributed data transmission between vehicles to vehicle. However, VA-IOT are susceptible to various security threats, including the Black Hole attack. With Black Hole attacks, an intruder or malicious node attracts the internet traffic by broadcasting fake messages and drops all the received packets, which can significantly impact the network\u27s performance. To mitigate, this paper presents an new mechanism to minimize the Black Hole attack on VANETs by combining two techniques: A trust management system and an intrusion detection system. The proposed approach involves assigning trust values to each vehicle based on their past behavior and routing packets through only trusted nodes. Additionally, an intrusion detection system is used to identify malicious nodes that violate the trust threshold and to take appropriate measures. The performance of the proposed approach is outperformed in terms of achievable end-To-end throughput and minimized network delays
Social Determinants of Health: Implications for Voice Disorders and Their Treatment
No full textPurpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and related conditions, such as discrimination, are social determinants of health (SDOHs). Critical race theory (CRT) is a lens through which to understand SDOHs in a way that may impact our clinical care. When prolonged or chronic, SDOHs might cause toxic stress and trauma, which, in turn, adversely affect health and are shown to be relevant for some voice disorders. The goals of this tutorial are to (a) review the literature on SDOHs that potentially contribute to disparities; (b) discuss explanatory models and theories that describe how psychosocial factors influence health; (c) relate the foregoing information to voice disorders, highlighting functional voice disorders (FVDs) as a particular case in point; and (d) describe how trauma-informed care can improve patient outcomes and advance health equity for vulnerable populations. Conclusions: This tutorial concludes with a call for heightened awareness of the role that SDOHs such as structural and individual discrimination may play in voice disorders, and a call for research into SDOHs, traumatic stress, and health disparities in this patient population. A call is also made for more univer-sal practice of trauma-informed care in the clinical voice domain
Connecting Beyond the Classroom: Use of Viber as a Support Tool for Enhancing Essay Writing Skills and Online Language Learning Engagement among Students
No full textThis research study discovered students\u27 online English learning engagement through the use of Viber as a support tool in essay writing by the first-year English majors at a university level with a total of ten participants, five women and five men. It employed the Quasi-experimental design, and pre-and post-test design was used to measure the language learning engagement of the first-year students at a tertiary level. Data were analyzed through frequency count and percentage with the help of SPSS. The result shows that student engagement and level of attitude in language class before the utilization of VST is very low. This means they are very upset in the language class, especially in writing. However, after using VST, their attitude towards writing changes, which means that Viber positively impacts their attitude towards writing. It is also found that they are proficient and well-immersed in writing. Based on the pre-test and post-test scores, they may use Viber as a Support tool or opt to use traditional support because this study revealed that their performance in writing remains good for the two interventions. However, teachers may consider the view of students on using Viber, for this gives them greater efficiency in writing because it makes them focus. Teachers may consider incorporating Viber in their teaching methods to enhance their students\u27 writing skills and overall learning experience
Designing Highly Active S-g-C3N4/Te@NiS Ternary Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Performance, Degradation of Organic Pollutants, and Their Kinetic Study
No full textThe current research is about the synthesis of pure nickel sulfide, a series of Te (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 wt.%)-doped NiS (Te@NiS) nanoparticles (NPs), and a series of S-g-C3N4 (10, 30, 50, 70, and 80 wt.%)/Te@NiS nanocomposites (NCs), fabricated through a hydrothermal route. XRD and FTIR spectroscopic techniques demonstrated the successful synthesis of NPs and NCs. SEM-EDX images confirmed the flakelike structure and elemental constituents of the fabricated materials. Tauc plots were drawn, to calculate the band gaps of the synthesized samples. Te doping resulted in a significant reduction in the band gap of the NiS NPs. The photocatalytic efficiency of the NPs and NCs was investigated against MB, under sunlight. The results obtained for the photocatalytic activity, showed that 1%Te@NiS nanoparticles have an excellent dye degradation capacity in sunlight. This was made even better by making a series of SGCN/1% Te@NiS nanocomposites with different amounts of S-g-C3N4. When compared to NiS, Te@NiS, SGCN, and 70%SGCN/1%Te@NiS, the 70%SGCN/1%Te@NiS NCs have excellent antifungal ability. The higher impact of SGCN/Te@NiS, may be due to its enhanced ability to disperse and interact with the membranes and intracellular proteins of fungi. The 70%SGCN/1%Te@NiS NCs showed excellent antibacterial and photocatalytic efficiency. Thus, the 70%SGCN/1%Te@NiS NCs might prove fruitful in antibacterial and photocatalytic applications
Investigating Media Coverage and Public Perceptions of the HPV Vaccine in China – A Content Analysis of Weibo Posts
No full textHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The HPV vaccination has been widely advocated around the world since the vaccine is beneficial in avoiding diseases, including some sexually transmitted diseases, brought on by HPV infections. For most Chinese, the HPV vaccine is still a relatively new concept, having only been made available to the general public in 2016. Despite the vaccine’s increased prominence, there is still a lack of investigation about how the public is influencing the conversation about HPV vaccines and the public’s perception of this vaccine. With the theoretical construct of the Health Belief Model, this study conducts both quantitative and qualitative content analysis to investigate the existing media narratives around HPV vaccines in China and the changes in public opinion by looking at users’ contributions on Weibo, one of China’s most popular social networking sites. It was found that different groups of Weibo users had contributed to diverse narratives surrounding HPV vaccination. Though the public awareness of HPV vaccination had been improved along with increasingly active communication practices and enhanced public health services, public knowledge about HPV remains inadequate. Therefore, to facilitate the popularisation of HPV related knowledge, more effort should be invested in tailoring and disseminating messages that communicate responsive and comprehensive HPV related information
A Partition-induced Hereditary Metric for Equivalence Classes - Theory and Application
No full textMeasuring the distance between equivalence classes has its theoretical and practical merit, in particular, in the aspect of rough sets or the application on information systems. The typical metric for measuring the distance between partitions is the Hausdorff metric. Another candidate is the minimal matching metric which matches the pairwise minimal distance between the compartments. However, both methods need to involve or imbed Jaccard metric, which is essentially a static metric and less informative, since it scales the distance between 0 and 1. In this article, we devise a third metric which is defined inductively by some non-negative real functions. This mechanism enables its flexibility in applying metrics in real problems and delve deeper into the structures. We then apply this hereditary metric on two occasions: one with simulated data regarding algorithms and the other with real data regarding ontology population process. This metric per se is suitable for categorising procedures, methods, or other attributes
Development and validation of the sources of parental anxiety in children\u27s education scale
No full textParental anxiety in children\u27s education is closely related to children\u27s developmental and educational outcomes. The current study reported the development and validation of a self-report instrument to evaluate the Sources of Parental Anxiety in Children\u27s Education (SPACEs). Qualitative analyses suggested that the construct of parental anxiety in children\u27s education was multidimensional, representing learning performance anxiety, educational environment anxiety, educational input anxiety, and educational outcome anxiety as four primary sources. The results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported this four-factor structure comprising 17 items to capture this multidimensional construct. The scale also demonstrated adequate internal consistencies, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and test-retest reliability. A series of multi-group tests across age, locality, and children\u27s grades provided evidence of measurement invariance. Overall, the SPACE scale appear to be a reliable and valid tool to measure educational anxiety in parents in the Chinese context
Learning gain rather than learning loss during COVID-19: A proposal for reframing the narrative
No full text“Learning loss” has become the new buzzword in education during the COVID-19 era. Learning loss may be real in certain academic subjects (e.g. mathematics and reading) for certain students, as indicated by standardized test scores. However, it only tells a partial story. The other part of the story actually indicates different kinds of learning gain that might have occurred for children experiencing non-conventional learning opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the authors caution against subscribing to a learning-loss narrative, a deficits-based perspective, which can lead one to lose sight of children\u27s potential learning gains that are not necessarily assessed or recognized. Against this backdrop, the authors offer four recommendations: (1) reframing the concept of “learning loss” to “learning gain”; (2) applying a strengths-based model rather than a deficits-based model for understanding student learning; (3) investing in the development of the whole child; and (4) ensuring that we focus on young children\u27s socio-emotional well-being (e.g. relationship-building) and not solely on the cognitive domains
Acculturation stress and social support for international students\u27 adjustment in Malaysia: does language proficiency matter?
No full textPurpose: International students with low proficiency in the English language remain at high risk of academic, social and psychological maladjustment. Using an acculturation theoretical framework, this study aims to show that acculturation stress and social support mediate the relationship between language proficiency and academic, social, and psychological adjustment among 675 international postgraduate students in Malaysian public universities. Design/methodology/approach: Correlational research design was employed to gather data from 227 females and 448 males aged between 22–45 years belonging to Asian, Middle Eastern or African countries. Out of these, 292 students were enrolled in master\u27s degrees, and 383 students were enrolled in Ph.D. Self-administered questionnaires were used which includes Student Adjustment to the College Questionnaire (SACQ) to measure students\u27 academic adjustment, Kwak to assess students\u27 English language proficiency, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to assess perceived availability of social support from friends and Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (ASSIS) to measure acculturation stress. Findings: The hypothesized model was tested using path analysis with manifest variables in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 23.0. The findings suggest that language proficiency is a significant predictor of academic, social and psychological adjustment of international students, and this relationship is partially mediated by acculturation stress and social support. Research limitations/implications: The article concludes with implications and recommendations for international student offices and program organizers to ensure conditions for successful academic, social and psychological adjustment of the international students. Originality/value: The manuscript has not been published or submitted elsewhere
Does change in the scoring system impact service evaluation? Evidence from Booking.com
No full textPurpose: In September 2019, Booking.com changed from the smiley-based scoring system (2.5–10) to the purely 10-point evaluation system (1–10). The smiley-based service evaluation is based on the multi-dimensional (M-D) system, whereas the purely 10-point service evaluation is based on the single-dimensional (S-D) system. This paper aims to focus on how a change in review posting policies impacts service evaluations regarding review generation and distribution. Design/methodology/approach: The authors exploit the natural experiment using Booking.com when the site changed its scoring system from a multidimensional smiley-based service evaluation system to an S-D scoring system. The authors collected online reviews posted on two travel agencies (Booking.com and Priceline.com) between September 2019 and October 2020. A quasi-experimental approach, Difference-in-Differences, was used to isolate the impacts of the new scoring system from the impacts of the change in the service evaluation environment, i.e. COVID-19. Findings: The change in the scoring system considerably alters review distributions by decreasing the portion of positive reviews but increasing the portion of highly positive reviews. Using the theory of emotion work (Hochschild, 1979, 2001), DID is also the reason that the former M-D smiley-based system could have underrated, highly positive reviews of services. Using the information transfer theory (Belkin, 1984), the authors reason the asymmetric transfer of information when users consume reviews from the older (M-D) system but are required to generate reviews on a newer (S-D) system. Practical implications: The findings would provide online review platform management with a deeper understanding of the consequences of changes in service evaluations when the scoring system is changed. Originality/value: Though the change in the scoring system would affect how customers evaluate the services of hotels, the causal impacts of switching to the new S-D scoring system have not yet been thoroughly covered by prior hospitality and service evaluation literature, which this research aspires to do