ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Ensiled citrus pulp as a by-product feedstuff for finishing pigs: nutritional value and effects on intestinal microflora and carcass quality
Get PDFForty pigs of 76.8 ± 4.2 kg body weight were fed four different diets varying in ensiled citrus pulp (ECP) inclusion level (0, 50,
100, and 150 g of ECP/kg of diet on dry matter base). The trial lasted 5 weeks. During the last week, faecal samples were obtained
to calculate apparent nutrient digestibility; also volatile fatty acids (VFA) content in faeces was determined. The digestible energy
and protein of ECP was estimated by regression analysis. During the trial faecal samples were collected to determine enterobacteria
and lactobacilli counts. At slaughter, carcass characteristics were registered. The inclusion of ECP in the diets decreased energy
digestibility but increased neutral and acid detergent fibre digestibility linearly (p<0.05). The estimated digestible energy and protein of ECP were lower than expected (7.0 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and 33.8 g/kg DM, respectively). Total VFA production in faeces
was not affected by the diet. Both enterobacteria and lactobacilli counts were lower (p<0.01) with than without ECP inclusion at
the end of the study. Carcass yield decreased linearly (p<0.05) and backfat at gluteus medius increased quadratically (p<0.05) with
the inclusion of ECP in the diet. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the internal subcutaneous fat layer decreased quadratically (p<0.05) with the inclusion of ECP. Thus, the nutritive value of ECP for finishing pigs is low and levels of 150g/kg can negatively affect carcass yield. However, including up to 100 g of ECP/kg in finishing pig diets did not affect nutrient digestibility,
carcass yield and subcutaneous fat FA profile. Additionally, increasing ECP levels in diets decreases faecal enterobacteria and
lactobacilli counts in faece
Complete Genome Sequence of a Tomato Isolate of Parietaria Mottle Virus from Italy
Get PDFWe report here the complete genome sequence of isolate T32 of parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) infecting tomato plants in Turin, Italy, obtained by Sanger sequencing. T32 shares 90.48 to 96.69% nucleotide identity with other two PoMV isolates, CR8 and Pe1, respectively, whose complete genome sequences are available
Fertilidad de la tierra y estado nutritivo de cítricos en cultivo ecológico
Get PDFEn la campaña de 1993 estudiamos y comparamos la fertilidad de la tierra y el estado nutritivo de las plantaciones de 21 parcelas de cítricos en cultivo ecológico y 10 parcelas en cultivo convencional. Las únicas características de la tierra que presentaron diferencias significativas entre los valores medios de ambos grupos fue la proporción de materia orgánica y el CO3H en el extracto de saturación. En relación
con los nutrientes en las hojas, a pesar de no obtener diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos, observamos que en las plantaciones ecológicas el porcentaje de parcelas con poco o muy poco nitrógeno y magnesio era mayor que en las plantaciones convencionales
Loquat fruit ripening is associated with root depletion. Nutritional and hormonal control
No full textIn woody species, it is known that there is a competition for nutrients, water and carbohydrates between root and fruit-shoot systems, however the influence of root development on fruit quality has received little attention. This research aims to identify the network of mechanisms involved in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit ripening in connection with root activity. The study includes root growth rate measurements paralleling the ongoing fruit developmental stages, photosynthate translocation to the root by using 13CO2 tracing, and nitrogen fractions (Nsingle bondNH4+, Nsingle bondNO3−, and N-proteinaceous) as well as their upward translocation to the fruit. The role of hormones (IAA, zeatin and ABA) in regulating the responses is also addressed. The experiment was conducted during two consecutive years on adult and 3-year-old loquat trees from early fruit developmental stage (10% of final size, 701 BBCH scale) to fully developed fruit colour (809 BBCH scale). This approach revealed that root development depends on the growing fruit sink strength, which reduces carbohydrates translocation to the roots and prevents them for further elongation. A nitrate accumulation in roots during the active fruit growth period takes place, which also contributes to slowing elongation and paralleled reduced ammonium and proteinaceous nitrogen concentrations. Concomitantly, the concentration of IAA and zeatin were lowest while that of ABA was highest when root exhibited minimum elongation. The depletion in zeatin and nitrogen supply by the roots paralleling the high ABA transport to the fruit allowed for colour break. These results suggest that loquat fruit changes colour by reducing root growth, as fruit increases sugars and ABA concentrations and reduces nitrogen and zeatin concentrations
Los cítricos
No full textLa Comunidad Valenciana es reconocida en todo el mundo por su gran tradición en el cultivo de cítricos. Ya a finales del siglo XVIII, Cavanilles evalúa la extensión del cultivo de naranja en 400 tafulles, equivalentes a unas 50 hectáreas. Actualmente, son más de 170.000 hectáreas dedicadas a los cítricos. En el Jardí Botànic, encontramos una colección compuesta por casi 50 especies, con las más conocidas por su frecuente cultivo y otras no cultivadas con finalidades comerciales pero que ilustran la gran variedad que existe. La colección es fruto de la colaboración con el Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias y este monográfico responde, también, a esta vinculación entre ambas entidades. Encontraremos la descripción de la subfamilia Aurantioideae y fichas de los géneros de la colección de cítricos del Jardí con imágenes y detalle de cada una
Acta Horticulturae
No full textAlternaria brown spot (ABS) in citrus is a serious disease caused by the tangerine pathotype of the fungus Alternaria alternata, which induces necrotic lesions on fruit and young leaves, defoliation and fruit drop in susceptible genotypes. It is a strong concern for triploid breeding programs aiming to produce seedless mandarin cultivars. In the present work, we have taken advantage of the particular genetic structures of unreduced megagametophytes resulting from second division restitution (SDR) (leading to triploid hybrid recovery) to map a genome region linked to ABS resistance in citrus. The monolocus dominant inheritance of susceptibility, proposed on the basis of diploid population studies, was corroborated in triploid progeny. Bulk segregant analysis coupled with genome scan using a large set of genetically mapped SNP markers and targeted genetic mapping by half tetrad analysis, using SSR and SNP markers, allowed locating a region linked to ABS resistance near the centromere of chromosome III. SSR and SNP markers were developed for efficient early marker-assisted selection (MAS) of ABS resistant hybrids
Genetic variability and evolutionary analysis of parietaria mottle virus: role of selection and genetic exchange
No full textThe genetic variability and evolution of parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) of the genus Ilarvirus was studied by analyzing nucleotide sequences of 2b and CP genes from isolates collected in different countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PMoV isolates clustered in different clades: one (clade I) composed of only Italian isolates and three clades (clades II-IV) including the Spanish isolates. The Greek isolate GrT-1 used in this study was in clade IV for the CP phylogenetic tree whereas it formed a separate branch in the 2b phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequence diversity of both the 2b and CP genes was low (0.062 +/- A 0.006 and 0.063 +/- A 0.006 for 2b and CP, respectively) but higher than those of other ilarviruses. Distribution of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions revealed that 2b and CP proteins are under purifying selection, with some positions under diversifying selection. Genetic exchange among Spanish isolates was also detected
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of 'Agrobacterium' species from vineyards allows identification of typical 'Agrobacterium vitis' and atypical biovar 1 strains
No full textAim: To molecularly and phenotypically characterize a selection of Agrobacterium-like isolates from grapevine canes, crowns, soil and tumours in plants grown under cold conditions. Methods and Results: Most of the strains were biovar 3 (Agrobacterium vitis), and the remaining were atypical biovar 1 (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). All of them were tumourigenic on grapevine plants but differences in other hosts were observed. Chromosomal and plasmid-borne traits were analysed by gene amplification with four primer sets. Detection of the pectin enzyme hydrolase gene clearly distinguished A.vitis from the atypical A.tumefaciens. Regarding the virulence sensor gene, limited host range tumour-inducing plasmids were found in the atypical isolates. About opine utilization, most A.vitis and some A.tumefaciens contained octopine/cucumopine plasmids, but the nopaline-type was only detected in one A.tumefaciens. Conclusions: The A.vitis strains were molecularly and phenotypically more homogeneous than those of A.tumefaciens, the latter displaying some typical A.vitis characteristics, suggesting an adaptation to life in grapevine. Significance and Impact of the Study: The findings of this work will help to improve detection procedures of the pathogen, and demonstrate the pathogen diversity in cold vineyards, laying the groundwork for epidemiological studies and development of control strategies of the crown and cane gall disease
Genetic diversity revealed by physiological behavior of citrus genotypes subjected to salt stress
No full textDifferent physiological behavior of a wide range of varieties and species belonging to the Citrus genus was analyzed when subjected to salt stress with the aim to seek new sources of tolerance that might be specie-specific. Our goal was to use physiological results obtained along a salt stress in order to clarify if it would be possible to associate them with the known citrus genetic diversity. For that purpose, we have selected 20 different genotypes representing the major species on the basis of the genetic diversity of Citrus genus complemented with one intergeneric hybrid Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis 9 P. trifoliata). A moderate salt stress of 75 mM of NaCl was applied for 12 weeks. For control plants, the main parameters contributing for more than 25 % to the diversity on the two axes of principal component analysis (PCA) were chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and Fv/ Fm under light. However, the dispersal of species and varieties on the PCA did not show any particular structure. Under salt stress condition, four parameters (leaf chloride content, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) contributed more specifically to the dispersion on PCA representation with more than 15 % of contribution for each parameter. Large differences were observed within citrus genus: mandarin and pummelo presented good tolerance to salt stress while citron was very sensitive. Furthermore, all secondary genotypes that presented good tolerance to salt tolerance shared mandarin or pummelo as female parent