ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Potencial antifúngico de extractos de subproductos del aguacate contra las podredumbres verde y ácida de los cítricos.
Full text linkLa industria agroalimentaria genera una gran cantidad de subproductos como pieles, orujos y semillas que pueden ocasionar problemas medioambientales. Así, por ejemplo, en el procesado industrial del aguacate fresco se generan habitualmente el hueso (AVS) y la corteza (APE), representando un porcentaje alto del peso del producto. Estos subproductos son ricos en compuestos bioactivos, muchos de los cuales pueden presentar propiedades antifúngicas, lo que los convierte en una posible alternativa a los fungicidas químicos de síntesis para controlar las enfermedades fúngicas de poscosecha. La extracción de compuestos de alto valor añadido a partir de subproductos agrícolas está en consonancia con los principios de la economía circular y el Pacto Verde de la UE. En este trabajo, se realizaron extracciones mediante tecnologías verdes aplicando ultrasonidos (UAE) y extracciones asistidas por microondas (MAE) para obtener extractos de AVS y APE. Se determinó el contenido de fenoles total (TPC) y la capacidad antioxidante total (TAC) de los extractos. Su eficacia frente al crecimiento de Penicillium digitatum (PD) y Geotrichum citri-aurantii (GC), los agentes causantes de las podredumbres verde y ácida de los cítricos, respectivamente, se evaluó in vitro mediante ensayos con placas multipocillo. Los extractos seleccionados se probaron además in vivo con mandarinas Tango inoculadas artificialmente con los patógenos y la incidencia de la enfermedad se midió tras 7 días de incubación a 20 °C. Los extractos AVS y APE mostraron niveles similares de TPC y TAC con todos los métodos de extracción. Los experimentos in vitro demostraron que los extractos obtenidos por UAE y MAE de AVS y APE inhibieron más de 95% del crecimiento de PD , mientras que solo los extractos de AVS fueron efectivos frete a GC, con una inhibición del crecimiento de 100%. En los ensayos in vivo, el extracto AVS-UAE redujo la incidencia de las podredumbres verde y ácida en un 30 y 35%, respectivamente, y la severidad en un 10 y 45%, respectivamente Estos resultados muestran que el extracto de AVS-UAE presenta potencial como alternativa no contaminante para el control de las podredumbres verde y ácida de los cítricos
Pre-harvest foliar spraying of calcium and zinc preserves berries quality and mitigates chilling injury of grape during cold storage
No full textThe current study was conducted to elucidate the effect of single and combined post-veraison sprays of calcium
nitrate (Ca, 2 %) and zinc sulfate (Zn, 1 %) on post-harvest quality attributes of ‘Sahebi’ grapes during cold
storage. Grapes foliar-sprayed with combination of Ca and Zn showed higher flavonols (28 % myricetin, 4 %
quercetin, and 15 % kaempferol), flavanols (6 % catechin, 29 % epicatechin, and 10 % epi‑gallocatechin) and
anthocyanins (21 % malvidin, 16 % cyaniding and 13 % peonidin, 22 % petunidin) than controls. Moreover, Ca
and Zn foliar application was also effective in preserving the levels of trans-resveratrol and phenolic acids in
grape berries. The higher amount of phenolic compounds in Ca + Zn-treated grapes was accompanied with
higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, lower activity of polyphenol oxidase, and lower incidence of fungal
decay. In general, post veraison spray of Ca and Zn is promising viticultural operation for preserving berries
bioactive compound and mitigating chilling injury of grape during cold storage
Remote Sensing Dynamics for Analyzing Nitrogen Impact on Rice Yield in Limited Environments
Full text linkRice production remains highly dependent on nitrogen (N). There is no positive linear
correlation betweenNconcentration and yield in rice cultivation because an excess ofNcan unbalance
the distribution of photo-assimilates in the plant and consequently produce a lower yield. We
intended to study these imbalances. Remote sensing is a useful tool for monitoring rice crops. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using remote sensing to assess the impact
of N applications on rice crop behavior. An experiment with three different doses (120, 170 and
220 kg N·ha−1) was carried out over two years (2021 and 2022) in Valencia, Spain. Biomass, Leaf
Area Index (LAI), plants per m2, yield, N concentration and N uptake were determined. Moreover,
reflectance values in the green, red, and NIR bands of the Sentinel-2 satellite were acquired. The
two data matrices were merged in a correlation study and the resulting interpretation ended in
a protocol for the evaluation of the N effect during the main phenological stages. The positive
effect of N on the measured parameters was observed in both years; however, in the second year,
the correlations with the yield were low, being attributed to a complex interaction with climatic
conditions. Yield dependence on N was optimally evaluated and monitored with Sentinel-2 data.
Two separate relationships between NIR–red and NDVI–NIR were identified, suggesting that using
remote sensing data can help enhance rice crop management by adjusting nitrogen input based on
plant nitrogen concentration and yield estimates. This method has the potential to decrease nitrogen
use and environmental pollution, promoting more sustainable rice cultivation practices
Comparative study of new loquat varieties: Physico-chemical and phytochemical analyses
Full text linkThe present work performs a comparative study of 10 different loquat varieties to identify significant differences
among varieties and categorize them based on their main physicochemical and phytochemical properties. For
each variety, physicochemical properties (external and internal color, flesh firmness, soluble tannins, total soluble
solids, titratable acidity) and the main phytochemical compounds (sugars, organic acids, vitamin C,
phenolic compounds, carotenoids) were evaluated in fruit harvested at two commercial maturity stages. This
study revealed significant differences in these characteristics among cultivars. Principal component analysis
(PCA) allowed varieties to be grouped into three well-differentiated groups, especially in terms of total acidity,
phenolic compounds and carotenoids. PCA also allow fruit quality attributes to be correlated with the main
bioactive compounds and clearly separated the maturity stages for each cultivar. These results reveal the diversity
of chemical composition and nutritional value of loquat fruits and provide valuable information on the
commercial potential of new varieties. Moreover, this information is valuable for breeding programs, as cultivars
with specific traits can be used as parent material for future crosse
Detection of subsurface bruises in plums using spectral imaging and deep learning with wavelength selection
No full textPlums are widely consumed, both fresh and processed. During harvest, handling, or transportation, they are
exposed to static and dynamic compression forces exceeding the critical stress for tissue damage. Compressionrelated
damage typically develops further as the fruit ripens and softens, facilitating the occurrence of rot, which
might cause significant losses in the supply chain. Early detection of these damages is crucial to sorting the
damaged fruit out and deviating it to processing, thus preventing food waste. However, early-stage bruises or
damages on plums are not visible, especially not in dark-skin cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the
potential of hyperspectral imaging in the 430 to 1 000 nm range and deep learning algorithms to detect these
invisible bruises at an early stage. To this end, ’Presenta’ plums were impacted at three different levels to
simulate varying degrees of damage. Images of both bruised and non-bruised plums were taken immediately after
bruising and 24 and 48 h after bruise induction. Three distinct CNNs were trained to analyze the images. Two of
these networks were implemented using transfer learning (ResNet and HSCNN), while the third was customdesigned
for this specific purpose. The most informative wavelengths were identified as inputs for the CNNs
employing PCA. F1 scores over 81% were obtained in all cases, and almost 100% accuracy was obtained in
classifying the bruised plums with the highest impact energy of 0.50 J. Thus, detecting and classifying bruised
plums using only three wavelengths is possible, paving the way for in-line sorting with multispectral cameras in
packing houses
Why choose the rabbit to work in reproductive technology?
Full text linkRabbits have played a significant role in both livestock production and the advancement
of reproductive scientific research. Their unique biological traits, including induced
ovulation and a reproductive process that closely mirrors that of humans, have
been pivotal in their use as a model. Moreover, their body size is perfectly aligned
with the 3Rs principles: Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement. Consequently,
techniques for gamete collection and embryo recovery, followed by their use in artificial
insemination or embryo transfer, are characterized by being minimally invasive.
However, refining in vitro fertilization and embryo culture techniques continues to
present challenges. The incorporation of cutting-edge
genomic editing tools, such as
CRISPR/Cas9, has reestablished rabbits as essential models in genetic and biomedical
research, driving scientific progress. This review aims to describe the most effective
reproductive biotechnologies for both male and female rabbits and how these
methodologies are in line with the 3Rs principles—Replacement, Reduction, and
Refinement—highlighting their significance in conducting ethical research
Influencia del patrón en la calidad interna de las naranjas sanguinas cv. Moro y cv. Tarocco Rosso
Full text linkEn el área Mediterránea se está incrementando la demanda de naranjas sanguinas (Citrus
sinensis L. Osbeck) debido a sus cualidades saludables. Entre las variedades más cultivadas en
esta zona, destacan cv. Moro y el cv. Tarocco Rosso. La interacción variedad/patrón influye en
la calidad interna de los frutos. Por ello, se estudió esta relación con el momento de cosecha. La
evaluación se realizó por análisis componentes principales (PCA) de los parámetros de calidad
físico-químicos [color interno, acidez, sólidos solubles totales (SST), antocianos, azúcares,
ácidos hidroxicinámicos y flavonoides] de estas dos variedades injertadas sobre ocho patrones
[‘Carrizo’ (CC), ‘C-35’ (C35), mandarina ‘Cleopatra’ (CL), ‘Citrus volkameriana’ (VK), ‘Citrus
macrophylla’ (M), citrumelo ‘Swingle’ (CT), ‘Forner-Alcaide 5’ (FA5) y ‘Forner-Alcaide 13’ (FA13)]
en tres momentos de cosecha.
Al evaluar la interacción variedad/patrón, independientemente de los patrones, se observó
una clara diferenciación entre cv. Tarocco Rosso, que presentó mayores valores de SST y
azúcares individuales; y cv. Moro, con mayor concentración de flavonoides y antocianos, siendo
además un zumo de coloración más rojiza. En cv. Moro, el PCA determinó que el momento de
recolección tiene mayor influencia que el patrón sobre el que esta injertado. Con el avance del
periodo de cosecha, los frutos presentaron una menor acidez y un mayor contenido de SST,
ácidos hidroxicinámicos, antocianos (delfinidina-3-glucósido y cianidina-3-glucósido) y azúcares
(glucosa y fructosa). Además, los patrones M, CT y VK indujeron una menor coloración del zumo
y un menor contenido de antocianos individuales. Sin embargo, en cv. Tarocco Rosso, el PCA
estableció una mayor influencia del patrón que del momento de cosecha. Los patrones FA5 y
FA13 incrementaron la concentración de azúcares y antocianinas en los frutos injertados.
Trabajo financiado por el proyecto AgroAlimVal IVIA-GVA 52201 del IVIA (proyecto co-financiado
por la Unión Europea con el programa ERDF 2021-2027 de la Comunitat Valenciana )
An insect’s energy bar: the potential role of plant guttation on biological control
No full textPlant guttation is an exudation fluid composed of xylem and phloem sap secreted at the margins of leaves of many agricultural crops. Although plant guttation is a widespread phenomenon, its effect on natural enemies remains largely unexplored. A recent study showed that plant guttation can be a reliable nutrient-rich food source for natural enemies, affecting their communities in highbush blueberries. This review highlights the potential role of plant guttation as a food source for natural enemies, with a particular emphasis on its nutritional value, effects on insect communities, and potential use in conservation biological control. We also discuss possible negative implications and conclude with some open questions and future directions for research
New insights in the Spanish gene pool of olive (Olea europaea L.) preserved ex situ and in situ based on high-throughput molecular markers
Full text linkIn Spain, several local studies have highlighted the likely presence of unknown olive cultivars distinct from the approximately 260 ones previously described in the literature. Furthermore, recent advancements in identification techniques have significantly enhanced in terms of efficacy and precision. This scenario motivated a new nationwide prospecting effort aimed at recovering and characterizing new cultivated germplasm using high-throughput molecular markers. In the present study, the use of 96 EST-SNP markers allowed the identification of a considerable amount of new material (173 new genotypes) coming from areas with low intensification of production in different regions of Spain. As a result, the number of distinct national genotypes documented in the World Olive Germplasm Bank of IFAPA, Córdoba (WOGBC-ESP046) increased to 427. Likewise, 65 and 24 new synonymy and homonymy cases were identified, respectively. This rise in the number of different national cultivars allowed to deepen the knowledge about the underlying genetic structure. The great genetic variability of Spanish germplasm was confirmed, and a new hot spot of diversity was identified in the northern regions of La Rioja and Aragon. Analysis of the genetic structure showed a clear separation between the germplasm of southern and northern-northeastern Spain and indicated a significantly higher level of admixture in the latter. Given the expansion of modern olive cultivation with only a few cultivars, this cryptic germplasm is in great danger of disappearing. This underlines the fact that maintaining as many cultivars as possible will increase the genetic variability of the olive gene pool to meet the future challenges of olive cultivation
Utilising Response Surface Methodology to Optimise Food Additives and Treatments Reduces Disease Caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum in ‘Valencia’ Oranges
Full text linkPenicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are responsible for citrus green and blue
moulds (GM and BM), respectively, which are major citrus postharvest diseases. The aim of this
study was to develop an optimal dipping mixture of an aqueous solution of different food additives:
sodium bicarbonate (SB), sodium benzoate (SBen), and potassium sorbate (PS), in combination with
heat, to control GM and BM using response surface methodology. The ranges of SB (0.0%, 3.0%,
6.0%), SBen (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%), PS (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%) and temperature (20 ◦C, 35 ◦C, 50 ◦C) with a
dipping time of 60s were tested for their impact on GM and BM on artificially inoculated oranges.
Within these tested ranges, SB reduced GM severity and incidences of both GM and BM. PS affected
BM severity and incidence, but not GM. SBen and temperature did not have impact on GM and BM.
The most suitable food additive concentrations were identified to be 4.7% SB, 1.0% SBen and 0.7%
PS, with a dipping solution temperature of 50 ◦C. This treatment was shown to reduce GM and BM
incidence from 85 and 86% on control fruit dipped in tap water at 20 ◦C to 3 and 10%, respectively.
Additionally, the severity of GM and BM was reduced from 64 and 26 mm on control fruit to <1 and
2.8 mm, respectively