ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
Not a member yet
2747 research outputs found
Sort by
Valoración in vitro de la digestibilidad ileal aparente de la materia seca y la proteína de materias primas y subproductos agroindustriales en porcino
Get PDFPara ajustar las dietas a las necesidades de los animales es necesario conocer el valor nutritivo de los alimentos a través del coeficiente de digestibilidad. La digestibilidad de la proteína bruta (PB) se determina a nivel ileal, generalmente con experimentos in vivo, que implican un elevado coste económico y de tiempo, así como la utilización de animales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar una metodología para la caracterización proteica de materias primas y subproductos para la fabricación de piensos, alternativa a la determinación in vivo para ganado porcino
Relación entre los parámetros metabólicos y la eficiencia en la producción de embriones de novillas de pura raza wagyu en un sistema de producción español
Get PDFLa raza japonesa Wagyu posee características muy especiales en cuanto a su composición cárnica, presentando mucha grasa intramuscular. Asimismo, presenta niveles de metabolitos característicos de raza (Piao et al. 2015), entre ellos: colesterol, triglicéridos y glucosa. A pesar de que se han aplicado frecuentemente biotecnologías reproductivas en esta raza (An et al. 2016), no existe mucha bibliografía que documente la relación entre el perfil metabólico y el éxito en dichas biotecnologías. Por ello, el
objetivo de este estudio fue describir la relación entre diferentes metabolitos en novillas pura raza Wagyu, y su producción embrionaria tras incluirlas en un programa MOET
Valorisation of Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products in pig production as feed and anaerobic co-digestion of slurry
Get PDFNowadays the sustainability of the pig sector relies on its capability to respond to the increasing demands for livestock products that are arising from population growth, adapting to changes in the economic and policy contexts, and improving its environmental performance through the mitigation of its impact on climate. In this framework, the use of the agroindustrial by-products offers potential alternative raw materials for animal production with a lower associated environmental burden in the form of feedstuffs for livestock, source of bioactive compounds or raw materials useful in bioenergy production. This PhD thesis aims to evaluate the use of Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products as feed ingredients for pigs or co-substrates for biogas production. To fulfil these objectives, four trials were designed and conducted to evaluate the use of olive oil and orange juice industry byproducts in swine nutrition, assessing its nutritional value and the consequences of its inclusion in the diet on animals’ performance and health, final product quality traits and gas emissions associated to the pig slurry. Additionally, one more trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of four agricultural substrates (tomato, pepper, peach and kaki) on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) in anaerobic co-digestion with pig slurry, focusing on the type of substrate and its inclusion level on the final substrate’s mixture. The results presented in this PhD Thesis from the nutritional value assays indicate that the olive cakes and orange pulps tested can be potentially included in pig diets to replace part of the cereals of the diet with associated changes in urine and faeces nutrients excretion that leads to modifications in the potential ammonia and BMP emissions from slurries. Concerning olive cake by-products, the nutritional value assay designed to test the crude (COC) and partially defatted (PDOC) olive cakes showed that olive cakes are appreciable sources of insoluble fibre, but have limited energy value (11.2 and 7.4 MJ/kg DM for COC and PDOC respectively) and a low value as protein source. On the contrary, the dehydrated (DOP) and ensiled sun-dried (ESDOP) orange pulps tested are a relevant energy source (14.2 and 13.2 MJ/kg DM for DOP and ESDOP respectively) with added value in terms of SF concentration. With respect to the in vitro potential ammonia and BMP emissions assays, the byproducts tested led to a decreased N excretion in urine and, in the case of the OC, increased DM excretion in faeces. The ammonia emission per kg of slurry decreased with the inclusion of olive cake and orange pulp, whereas the BMP per animal and per day was negatively affected by the inclusion of olive cake obtaining higher BMP with these by-products. Regarding the performance assays, the PDOC and the DOP may be included in balanced pig diets at rates of up to 120 and 240 g/kg respectively, without negative effects in the case of PDOC and minor effects for DOC on growth performance, body composition and carcass quality traits. Contrary to what was expected, the inclusion of PDOC and DOP did not affect microbial counts nor excreta volume, composition and global gas emission from the slurry. Additionally, beneficial effects on subcutaneous fat were observed with the inclusion of PDOC, improving its oleic acid concentration. The anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural by-products and pig slurry improves the BMP from the mixture compared to only pig slurry anaerobic digestion. Higher BMP values were obtained with increasing addition of agricultural substrate, confirming the better performance of co-digestion systems at adequate inclusion levels. In fact, combinations
with tomato, pepper and peach at inclusion level 3 (50% of VS) achieved the highest BMP. This resulted in an increase in BMP of 41% with tomato, 44% with pepper, 28% with peach and 12% with kaki. Vegetables substrates (pepper and tomato) showed higher lipid, protein, lignin and cellulose content than fruit substrates (kaki and peach)
Diversification of mandarin citrus by hybrid speciation and apomixis
Get PDFThe origin and dispersal of cultivated and wild mandarin and related citrus are poorly understood. Here, comparative genome analysis of 69 new east Asian genomes and other mainland Asian citrus reveals a previously unrecognized wild sexual species native to the Ryukyu Islands: C. ryukyuensis sp. nov. The taxonomic complexity of east Asian mandarins then collapses to a satisfying simplicity, accounting for tachibana, shiikuwasha, and other traditional Ryukyuan mandarin types as homoploid hybrid species formed by combining C. ryukyuensis with various mainland mandarins. These hybrid species reproduce clonally by apomictic seed, a trait shared with oranges, grapefruits, lemons and many cultivated mandarins. We trace the origin of apomixis alleles in citrus to mangshanyeju wild mandarins, which played a central role in citrus domestication via adaptive wild introgression. Our results provide a coherent biogeographic framework for understanding the diversity and domestication of mandarin-type citrus through speciation, admixture, and rapid diffusion of apomictic reproduction
Detection of Invisible Damages in ‘Rojo Brillante’ Persimmon Fruit at Different Stages Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Chemometrics
Get PDFThe main cause of flesh browning in ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruit is mechanical damage caused during harvesting and packing. Innovation and research on nondestructive techniques to detect this phenomenon in the packing lines are necessary because this type of alteration is often only seen when the final consumer peels the fruit. In this work, we have studied the application of hyperspectral imaging in the range of 450–1040 nm to detect mechanical damage without any external symptoms. The fruit was damaged in a controlled manner. Later, images were acquired before and at 0, 1, 2 and 3 days after damage induction. First, the spectral data captured from the images were analysed through an algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA). The aim was to automatically separate intact and damaged fruit, and to detect the damage in the PC images when present. With this algorithm, 90.0% of intact fruit and 90.8% of damaged fruit were correctly detected. A model based on partial least squares—discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), was later calibrated using the mean spectrum of the pixels detected as damaged, to determine the moment when the fruit was damaged. The model differentiated fruit corresponding correctly to 0, 1, 2 and 3 days after damage induction, achieving a total accuracy of 99.4%
Consumer Information Needs and Sensory Label Design for Fresh Fruit Packaging. An Exploratory Study in Spain
Get PDFIn recent decades, packaged fruit has gained market ground over loose fruit, and fruit containers
have become a source of information for consumers. This study approaches three objectives
related to consumer information needs for decision making when purchasing fruit: (1) Determine if
consumers’ choice of packaged fruit rather than loose fruit is motivated by their interest in the information
provided on packaging; (2) identify information gaps on fruit packaging labels; (3) identify
those sensory attributes that consumers consider to be of major interest to be included in sensory
labels of different fruit types. The study was based on an online questionnaire answered by 394 fruit
consumers. Ninety percent of the participants stated having an interest in receiving information
when purchasing fruit, but their choice between packaged or loose fruit was not conditioned by their
information needs. Moreover, a gap between information interest and information use was detected
as their final purchase decisions were not always based on the provided information. ‘Harvest date’,
‘production method’, ‘percentage of the price received by the farmer’, ‘applied treatments’, ‘sensory
characteristics’, and ‘environmental information’ were identified as the major information gaps,
as these labels were unavailable for a high percentage of consumers, who stated their interest in
them. According to consumers, sensory labels should include information about ‘sweetness’ and
‘flavor intensity’ irrespectively of fruit type. ‘Sourness’ and ‘juiciness’ attributes were particularly
interesting for citrus, as ‘sourness’ and ‘firmness’ were for kiwi. Information about texture properties
was required for pome and stone fruit. Other attributes, such as easiness to peel, were important
only for citrus fruit
Yield and Economic Results of Different Mechanical Pruning Strategies on “Navel Foyos” Oranges in the Mediterranean Area
Get PDFPruning is one of the most manpower-consuming agricultural operations in citrus production. Mechanical pruning can help to reduce pruning time and costs. In order to obtain the knowledge of its effects on the important orange variety “Navel Foyos”, several pruning strategies that include manual pruning and various intensities of mechanical pruning were tested for three years. The results showed that in “Navel Foyos” oranges, the mechanical pruning strategies did not affect the yield nor the size of the fruit in comparison with manual pruning. In conclusion, mechanical strategies are a potential alternative to manual pruning because they reduce the time necessary to prune and the pruning costs, thereby maintaining or even increasing the yield
Natural Drying of Astringent and Non-Astringent Persimmon “Rojo Brillante”. Drying Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Properties
Get PDFPersimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) crop has markedly increased in Spain, and “Rojo Brillante”
persimmon is the main cultivated variety. This astringent cultivar requires de-astringency treatment
before commercialization, which may involve an extra cost. Its short commercial season implies
handling large volumes of fruits with consequent postharvest losses. Therefore, the development of
derived added-value products is of much interest. In this study, astringent and non-astringent “Rojo
Brillante” persimmons were dehydrated by following a natural drying method used in Asia. The
drying kinetics and physico-chemical properties were analyzed for 81 days. The results indicated
subsequent reductions in weight, water content, and water activity throughout the drying process,
and the equatorial diameter decreased. All the employed thin-layer mathematical models were
suitable for representing the drying characteristics of both products with similar behavior. The
effective water diffusivity values were 5.07 1011 m2 s1 and 6.07 1011 m2 s1 for astringent
and non-astringent persimmon samples, respectively. The drying treatment significantly decreased
the soluble tannins content, and the astringent samples obtained similar values to those obtained for
the non-astringent samples in 20 days. The external and internal flesh of the astringent fruit remained
orange through the drying period, while brown coloration in the non-astringent fruit was observed
after 57 drying days. Therefore, prior de-astringency treatment would not be necessar
Uncovering salt tolerance mechanisms in pepper plants: a physiological and transcriptomic approach
Get PDFBackground: Pepper is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide, but is sensitive to salinity. This sensitivity is
dependent on varieties and our knowledge about how they can face such stress is limited, mainly according to a
molecular point of view. This is the main reason why we decided to develop this transcriptomic analysis. Tolerant
and sensitive accessions, respectively called A25 and A6, were grown for 14 days under control conditions and
irrigated with 70 mM of NaCl. Biomass, different physiological parameters and differentially expressed genes were
analysed to give response to differential salinity mechanisms between both accessions.
Results: The genetic changes found between the accessions under both control and stress conditions could
explain the physiological behaviour in A25 by the decrease of osmotic potential that could be due mainly to an
increase in potassium and proline accumulation, improved growth (e.g. expansins), more efficient starch
accumulation (e.g. BAM1), ion homeostasis (e.g. CBL9, HAI3, BASS1), photosynthetic protection (e.g. FIB1A, TIL, JAR1)
and antioxidant activity (e.g. PSDS3, SnRK2.10). In addition, misregulation of ABA signalling (e.g. HAB1, ERD4, HAI3)
and other stress signalling genes (e.g. JAR1) would appear crucial to explain the different sensitivity to NaCl in both
accessions.
Conclusions: After analysing the physiological behaviour and transcriptomic results, we have concluded that A25
accession utilizes different strategies to cope better salt stress, being ABA-signalling a pivotal point of regulation.
However, other strategies, such as the decrease in osmotic potential to preserve water status in leaves seem to be
important to explain the defence response to salinity in pepper A25 plants
IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like peptides and HAE (HAESA)-like receptors regulate corolla abscission in Nicotiana benthamiana flowers
Get PDFBackground: Abscission is an active, organized, and highly coordinated cell separation process enabling the
detachment of aerial organs through the modification of cell-to-cell adhesion and breakdown of cell walls at
specific sites on the plant body known as abscission zones. In Arabidopsis thaliana, abscission of floral organs and
cauline leaves is regulated by the interaction of the hormonal peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION
(IDA), a pair of redundant receptor-like protein kinases, HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), and SOMATIC
EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors. However, the functionality of this abscission signaling
module has not yet been demonstrated in other plant species.
Results: The expression of the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1 was supressed at the base
of the corolla tube by the inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs in Nicotiana
benthamiana. These gene suppression events arrested corolla abscission but did not produce any obvious effect on
plant growth. VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants, an
observation related to a greater corolla breakstrength. The arrest of corolla abscission was associated with the
preservation of the parenchyma tissue at the base of the corolla tube that, in contrast, was virtually collapsed in
normal corollas. In contrast, the inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1A
at the base of the corolla tube negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants accelerating the timing of
both corolla senescence and abscission. However, the heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and
Arabidopsis AtIDA in N. benthamiana did not alter the standard plant phenotype suggesting that the proteolytic
processing machinery was unable to yield active peptides. Conclusion: Here, we demonstrate that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs encoding small peptides of the IDA-like
family and the receptor NbenHAE.1 control cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tube awhere an
adventitious AZ should be formed and, therefore, corolla abscission in N. benthamiana flowers. Altogether, our
results provide the first evidence supporting the notion that the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module is conserved in
angiosperms