ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Natural Pectin-Based Edible Composite Coatings with Antifungal Properties to Control Green Mold and Reduce Losses of ‘Valencia’ Oranges
Get PDFNovel pectin-based, antifungal, edible coatings (ECs) were formulated by the addition of natural extracts or essential oils (EOs), and their ability to control green mold (GM), caused by Penicillium digitatum, and preserve postharvest quality of ‘Valencia’ oranges was evaluated. Satureja montana, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CN), Commiphora myrrha (MY) EOs, eugenol (EU), geraniol (GE), vanillin, and propolis extract were selected as the most effective antifungal agents against P. digitatum in in vitro assays. Pectin-beeswax edible coatings amended with these antifungals were applied to artificially inoculated oranges to evaluate GM control. ECs containing GE (2 g/kg), EU (4 and 8 g/kg), and MY EO (15 g/kg) reduced disease incidence by up to 58% after 8 days of incubation at 20 °C, while CN (8 g/kg) effectively reduced disease severity. Moreover, ECs formulated with EU (8 g/kg) and GE (2 g/kg) were the most effective on artificially inoculated cold-stored oranges, with GM incidence reductions of 56 and 48% after 4 weeks at 5 °C. Furthermore, ECs containing EU and MY reduced weight loss and maintained sensory and physicochemical quality after 8 weeks at 5 °C followed by 7 days at 20 °C. Overall, ECs with EU were the most promising and could be a good natural, safe, and eco-friendly commercial treatment for preserving orange postharvest quality
Comparative transcriptomics of wild and commercial Citrus during early ripening reveals how domestication shaped fruit gene expression
Get PDFBackground: Interspecific hybridizations and admixtures were key in Citrus domestication, but very little is known about their impact at the transcriptomic level. To determine the effects of genome introgressions on gene expression, the transcriptomes of the pulp and flavedo of three pure species (citron, pure mandarin and pummelo) and four derived domesticated genetic admixtures (sour orange, sweet orange, lemon and domesticated mandarin) have been analyzed at color break. Results: Many genes involved in relevant physiological processes for domestication, such sugar/acid metabolism and carotenoid/flavonoid synthesis, were differentially expressed among samples. In the low-sugar, highly acidic species lemon and citron, many genes involved in sugar metabolism, the TCA cycle and GABA shunt displayed a reduced expression, while the P-type ATPase CitPH5 and most subunits of the vacuolar ATPase were overexpressed. The redcolored species and admixtures were generally characterized by the overexpression in the flavedo of specific pivotal genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis, including phytoene synthase, ζ-carotene desaturase, β-lycopene cyclase and CCD4b, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. The expression patterns of many genes involved in flavonoid modifications, especially the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid O-methyltransferases showed extreme diversity. However, the most noticeable differential expression was shown by a chalcone synthase gene, which catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. This chalcone synthase was exclusively expressed in mandarins and their admixed species,
which only expressed the mandarin allele. In addition, comparisons between wild and domesticated mandarins revealed that the major differences between their transcriptomes concentrate in the admixed regions. Conclusion: In this work we present a first study providing broad evidence that the genome introgressions that took place during citrus domestication largely shaped gene expression in their fruits
Effect of the Airblast Settings on the Vertical Spray Profile: Implementation on an On-Line Decision Aid for Citrus Treatments
Get PDFAirblast sprayers are widely used for the application of plant protection products (PPP) in citrus. Adaptation of the vertical distribution of the spray cloud to the canopy (density, shape and size), is essential to deposit an adequate amount of PPP on the target and to reduce losses (drift, runoff). Vertical spray profiles of three air-assisted axial fan hydraulic sprayers with different configurations and settings were obtained to evaluate the effect of these settings on the vertical spray profile. From the analysis of the empirical results, the impact of operational settings (nozzle, air volume and flow rate) on treatment efficiency is assessed. The empirical database generated in this work has been employed to feed the Citrus VESPA model, a highly intuitive, web-based decision aid tool that helps farmers to easily estimate the vertical spray profiles generated by their particular sprayers and settings and how these influence deposition and potential drift. The tool can also be used to determine the effect and importance of adequately selecting, orienting and opening/closing nozzles and optimizing volume application rate and fan speed, in order to adjust the application to the actual vegetation, with the aim of saving resources and reducing risks to humans and the environment
Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) induce la expresión temprana de tricomas glandulares tipo IV y la producción de acilazúcares: implicaciones para el control de mosca blanca (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) y los virus transmitidos en el tomate
Get PDFEl cruzamiento de tomate cultivado con la especie silvestre Solanum pimpinellifolium, ha dado lugar a varias líneas de introgresión con cierto grado de resistencia a las moscas blancas Bemisia tabaci Gennadius y Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Esta resistencia se basa en la presencia de tricomas glandulares de tipo IV productores de acilazúcares que proporcionan propiedades de antixenosis y antibiosis
Interactions of the invasive Lasius neglectus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)
Get PDFSince the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrásfalvy, 1990 was first detected in 1998 in Seva (Barcelona), and despite the number of amateurs and professionals dedicated to the study of ants in Spain, this species had only been located outside Catalonia in Tenerife, Vizcaya and Valencia. Here we present a detailed study of its presence in the city of León (north-western Spain) and its trophic relationships with aphids. In the city we found two clearly separated supercolonies of L. neglectus attending 32 species of aphids living on 31 plant taxa. Lasius neglectus seems to avoid landscaped areas with high humidity and mainly attends aphids that live on shrubs and trees. The study is complemented with all the aphid–ant interactions known for this species
Infecciones virales encubiertas en Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) detección, distribución y coste biológico
Get PDFLa mosca mediterránea de la fruta, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae), es una plaga agrícola capaz de atacar una gran variedad de frutas. Una de las principales estrategias para su gestión es la técnica del insecto estéril (TIE) que consiste en la cría masiva y posterior liberación en campo de machos estériles. La presencia de virus en C. capitata amenaza la cría masiva y la posterior aplicación de la TIE. Recientemente, ciertos virus se han relacionado con infecciones encubiertas en C. capitata
Sesame as an Alternative Host Plant to Establish and Retain Predatory Mirids in Open-Field Tomatoes
Get PDFThe silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and the South America tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta) are two of the most destructive pests of tomato. Open-field tomato production frequently relies on chemical treatments, which has been shown to lead to pesticide resistance. The integration of biological control using predatory mirid bugs is an effective alternative method for managing these pests. However, methods to establish and maintain populations of zoophytophagous mirids are not adequately described. We explored the potential use of two mirids naturally occurring in Florida, Nesidiocoris tenuis and Macrolophus praeclarus. We conducted 6 field experiments over 4 consecutive years to develop a strategy to maintain the mirids. Pre-plant inoculation of tomato plants did not lead to their establishment, likely due to the low prevalence of prey. We explored the use of sesame (Sesamum indicum) to retain the mirids. Intercropping sesame maintained the populations of N. tenuis throughout the duration of the crop. Macrolophus praeclarus never established in any of the open-field experiments. Nesidiocoris tenuis damage was minimal (<1 necrotic ring/plant) and mirid damage was reduced in the presence of sesame. Our results show that intercropping sesame may provide a means to utilize mirids to manage B. tabaci, an established pest, and provide options to tomato growers should T. absoluta invade USA
Evaluación de patrones y variedades no astringentes de caqui frente a los retos de sostenibilidad y cambio climático en la Comunidad Valenciana
Get PDFEn los últimos años, el cultivo del caqui ha crecido extraordinariamente en la Comunidad
Valenciana (CV) debido a la alta calidad de la variedad ‘Rojo Brillante’, y a la puesta a punto del
procedimiento para la eliminación de la astringencia de los frutos sin pérdida de la firmeza. Sin
embargo, la dependencia de esta variedad hace que la producción se concentre en unas fechas
determinadas, y que la aparición de enfermedades y las alteraciones debidas al cambio climático
supongan un desafío todavía mayor para este cultivo en los próximos años
Detection and absolute quantitation of watermelon mosaic virus by real-time RT-PCR with a TaqMan probe
Get PDFWatermelon mosaic virus (WMV) causes serious damage to several crops worldwide, mainly cucurbits. Disease control is based on preventing spread and search for natural resistances for plant breeding, which requires tools for sensitive detection and precise quantitation. We developed a procedure based on reverse transcription followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with a primer pair and a TaqMan® probe specific for WMV. The primers and probe were designed from conserved sequence stretches to target a wide range of WMV isolates. A standard curve performed with transcripts enabled estimation of WMV RNA copies per ng of total RNA, with a wide dynamic range and sensitivity (104 to 1011). This RT-qPCR was assayed with field samples from different cucurbits and used to evaluate the temporal accumulation in pumpkin plants