ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Effect of superovulation induction with different concentrations of LH on blastocyst size and embryo development rate in rabbits
No full textAlgoritmos de cálculo de las emisiones de metano y óxido nitroso de la gestión de los purines en explotaciones porcinas bajo condiciones españolas
Get PDFLa ganadería porcina representa una fuente importante de las emisiones de gases de efecto
invernadero a la atmósfera, mayoritariamente debida a la gestión de las deyecciones ganaderas.
Durante el almacenamiento de las deyecciones sólidas (estiércol) o líquidas (purín) éstos se
descomponen en sustancias más simples gracias a las bacterias presentes en las heces, liberando estos
gases. Las condiciones de almacenamiento y el manejo del mismo son determinantes. La estimación
de las emisiones de estos gases es obligatoria y debe realizarse en los Inventarios Nacionales de
Emisiones a la Atmósfera. Para ello, el Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático (IPCC)
proporciona una serie de ecuaciones para el cálculo de las emisiones de estos gases que dependen
principalmente, en el caso del metano (CH4), de los sólidos volátiles excretados, mientras que en el
óxido nitroso (N2O), del nitrógeno excretado. En ambos casos, estas ecuaciones están referidas a unos
sistemas de gestión determinados. La aplicación de estas ecuaciones a las características de la gestión
de los purines de la ganadería porcina española no es posible del todo ya que no se contemplan las
condiciones secuencial y concatenada de éstos. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar unos
algoritmos alternativos a los propuestos en la metodología IPCC, para la estimación de las emisiones
de CH4 y N2O derivadas de la gestión del purín, adaptados a los sistemas de gestión y a las
peculiaridades y condiciones de la ganadería porcina española
Biodiversity and distribution of beneficial arthropods within hedgerows of organic Citrus orchards in Valencia (Spain)
Get PDFA study of natural enemies within hedgerows and on ground covers was carried out in two organic citrus orchards in two areas of Valencia (Spain) using two sampling methods, yellow sticky traps and a vacuum machine. Hedgerows had significantly higher levels of natural enemies, followed by citrus and ground covers. The species of natural enemies in hedgerows were similar to those found in citrus orchards, but different from those identified on ground cover. In hedgerows and citrus the predominant predators were Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) and Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), and the most abundant parasitoids were Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera)
Economic sustainability of Spanish table grapes in different water and technology contexts
Get PDFEighty-five percent of Spanish table grapes are produced near the Mediterranean Sea, in very and regions. The irrigation-water availability influences the cropping plans adopted on farms and, on the medium-term, it will also influence viability and competitiveness. This work is aimed at analysing the effects of the main technological improvements introduced on farms and determining the economic consequences, derived from other production scenarios characterized by variability in irrigation-water supply and price. Mathematical programming has been applied to models established for representative farms in Murcia and Alicante. After obtaining the most direct results of investment in technology, the modelization shows that the on-farm water availability exerts a greater effect than the water price, and that only technologically equipped farms can face increases in the price of this resource, keeping their economic sustainability constant
Comparative behavior of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in diverse plant species
No full textRalstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in numerous plant species worldwide. Although biovar 2 mostly affects solanaceous crops, identification of new hosts remains a matter of concern since there is still no clear-cut distinction between host and nonhost plants. In this work we provide data based on histological studies on the status of 20 plant species, most of them of potential interest in crop rotation. Plants were watered with a P-glucuronidase-expressing derivative of R. solanacearum biovar 2, and after a month of incubation, sections of roots and stems were analyzed to localize the pathogen on surface, in cortex and/or xylem. Depending on whether the xylem was colonized or not, plants were classified as hosts or nonhosts, respectively. Hosts generally affected in a few xylem vessels or occasionally in all xylem bundles were classified as tolerant. These included some cabbage, kidney bean, and rutabaga cultivars, and the weed bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara). Nonhosts were the cultivars tested of alfalfa, barley, black radish, carrot, celery, colocynth, fennel, fiber flax, field bean, field pea, horseradish, maize, and zucchini. However, barley and maize, though nonhosts, may act as reservoirs for the pathogen. The present work constitutes a basis for further studies on cropping systems in fields where R. solanacearum has been detected
Valoración de los residuos orgánicos como fuente de materia orgánica y nutrientes
Get PDFLa acepción normal de residuo es cualquier sustancia u objeto del cual su poseedor trata de desprenderse de la forma más rápida y económica posible. Sin embargo, en esta ponencia consideramos el término residuo no como algo destinado al abandonoo vertido, sino como sinónimo de materiales o subproductos
biodegradables generados en una actividad determinada, susceptibles de ser aprovechados en Agricultura. Las actividades que generan bioresiduos son muy diversas. Así, en el sector agrario se producen distintos tipos de residuos: agrícolas, ganaderos, forestales, etc.; en las industrias agroalimentarias (oleícola, vitivinícola, hortofrutícola, arrocera, cárnica, etc.) se originan numerosos residuos sólidos y líquidos; y en el sector urbano también se generan, entre otros, residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU), residuos verdes, procedentes de los parques y jardines, así como lodos de depuradora, originados en el tratamiento de depuración de las aguas residuales
Dal germoplasma all'esportazione: il caso del kaki “Rojo Brillante”
Get PDFNonostante ci siano alcuni lavori sul kaki (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) che riportano come questa specie sia presente in Spagna fin dal XVI secolo, la sua diffusione nel bacino del Mediterraneo è stata rilevante solo durante gli ultimi due secoli. Dalle prime piante introdotte dall”Estremo Oriente, probabilmente del tipo astringente, si sono sviluppate varietá locali, sia attraverso libera impollinazione, che per mutazione gemmaria (Giordani, 2002). Nella banca di germoplasma del kaki presente all'IVIA (Valencia, Spagna) abbiamo raccolto numerose di queste varietá locali spagnole: “Cristalino”, “Picudo”, “Tomatero”, “Xato de Bonrepós”, “Bétera”, “Constantí”, “Ferrán”, “Garidells”, “La Selva” e “Reus”. Venti anni fa piante di kaki di queste e altre varitá erano coltivate lungo le aree Mediterranee della Spagna come alberi isolati in giardini e piccoli frutteti familiari o in modeste piantagioni destinate al consumo locale. Nonostante i frutti del kaki fossero ampiamente apprezzati nei mercati locali, Vastringenza dei frutti tipica di tutte le varieta coltivate in Spagna ne ha limitato la coltivazione. La selezione della cultivar di notevole qualitá “Rojo Brillante”, insieme all introduzione con successo di nuove tecniche di rimozione dell astringenza senza la perdita di compattezza della polpa, ha consentito l'espansione della coltivazione durante gli anni '90, specialmente nell'area di “Ribera del Xúquer” nella provincia di Valencia. In questo articolo sono descritte le origini, le caratteristiche e le tecniche culturali utilizzate per la coltivazione del “Rojo Brillante” considerato una nuova risorsa per l'industria del kaki
Cholesterol addition after centrifugation improves goat sperm quality after cryopreservation
No full textQuantitative detection of Citrus tristeza virus in plant tissues and single aphids by real-time RT-PCR
No full textTaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using purified RNA targets or coupled to tissue-print and squash procedures was developed to detect and quantify Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) RNA-targets in plant tissues and in single aphids. With this method all CTV isolates tested from different hosts and origins were detected. The sensitivity of conventional real-time RT-PCR was 1,000 times higher than immunocapture (IC)-RT-nested PCR and 10(6) times higher than enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The quantitation limit ranged from 1.7x10(2) to 1.7x10(9) transcript copies. The estimated number of CTV RNA-targets detected in different organs of a CTV-infected tree ranged from 4.5x10(5) to 6.5x10(8) copies when purified RNA was used as template and from 1.9x10(4) to 3.7x10(6) when tissue-printed material was used. In single squashed aphids the number of copies ranged from 4.73x10(3) to 1.23x10(5). Reliable quantitation of CTV targets present in infected plant material or acquired by single aphid species, was achieved with tissue-print and squash procedures combined with real-time RT-PCR, both of which do not require extraction procedures or nucleic acid purification
Physiological effects of pruning in rose plants cv. Grand Gala
No full textThe effect of pruning in rose plants (cv. Grand Gala) was studied in different types of leaves, focusing on chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, carbohydrates, ammonium content, nitrate reductase (NR) activity and biomass parameters. Results on pruned plants showed a higher maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) of dark-adapted leaves, a higher actual quantum yield and a higher proportion of PSII reaction centres that are open, but a lower non-photochemical quenching, indicating a lower energy dissipation as heat, compared to non-pruned plants. These results related to Chl a fluorescence, indicate that pruned plants have a higher capacity for better promoting the photosynthetic light reaction than non-pruned plants. The increased nitrate reductase activity in pruned compared with non-pruned plants, can result from a higher photosynthetic activity resulting in a lower NH4+ accumulation in leaves. Pruning promoted a large number of metabolic sinks (flower removal) that may cause depletion of stored carbohydrates flowing from lower plant parts (arched shoots) to the new developing flower shoots. However, although in a lower concentration, carbohydrate contents were sufficient to promote the development of new flower shoots since the yield was similar for pruned and non-pruned plants. However, pruned plants showed higher turgor than non-pruned plants