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Welfare implications on management strategies for rearing dairy calves: A systematic review. Part 1- Feeding management
Get PDFIntroduction: Calves are very susceptible to stress in the early stages of life, and it is necessary to ensure maximum welfare. Feeding management has been identified as a major risk factor for calf health and welfare at this stage. However, the management protocol for calf rearing and its impact on animal welfare is unclear. A systematic review of different management strategies for rearing dairy calves according to the three spheres of animal welfare was conducted using an electronic search strategy. In this review, management strategies were studied to identify scientific gaps, to know the welfare problems of these animals in order to prioritize actions and future research and to study the interpretive approach of this management from the three welfare spheres. ·Methods: A protocol was used to analyze and extract information from the studies. Of the 1,783 publications screened, only 351 met the inclusion criteria for the management or welfare of calves' items. ·Results: The publications identified in the search can be divided into two main groups feeding and socialization, based on the main topic of the publication. The main topics that emerged from the search in the feeding management group were milk replacer, colostrum, and weaning, divided into the three main areas of biological functioning and health, natural life and affective states or cognitive judgement. ·Discussion: The main issues to be addressed were the different types of feed consumed by animals from birth to weaning and the weaning management. It has been found that the most researched issues are colostrum and solid starter feed management. Unresolved issues were highlighted, such as the lack of a clear protocol for the administration of milk replacers to reduce hunger and the best management of weaning to reduce stress
Optimizando la gestión eficiente de plagas a través de investigación práctica y aplicada: cómo el asesor agrícola puede mejorar la toma de decisiones
No full textLa gestión de plagas agrícolas plantea desafíos significativos que tienen un impacto directo en la productividad de los cultivos. Para abordar estos desafíos, la investigación aplicada desempeña un papel crucial. Esta investigación debe proporcionar a los asesores agrícolas y agricultores las herramientas y técnicas necesarias, como la monitorización adecuada o estrategias de control de plagas. Los asesores agrícolas desempeñan un papel fundamental al guiar a los agricultores en la implementación
de estrategias efectivas para la gestión de plagas. En el complejo escenario actual, marcado por el cambio climático y la creciente detección de plagas exóticas, la innovación y la adaptación de estrategias de control se vuelven indispensables. Por lo tanto, la transferencia de conocimientos y la capacitación son fundamentales para mantenerse al día con las últimas investigaciones y las prácticas recomendadas
Inheritance pattern of tetraploids pummelo, mandarin, and their interspecific hybrid sour orange is highly influenced by their phylogenomic structure
Get PDFCitrus polyploidy is associated with a wide range of morphological, genetic, and physiological changes that are often advantageous for breeding. Citrus triploid hybrids are very interesting as new seedless varieties. However, tetraploid rootstocks promote adaptation to different abiotic stresses and promote resilience. Triploid and tetraploid hybrids can be obtained through sexual hybridizations using tetraploid parents (2x × 4x, 4x × 2x, or 4x × 4x), but more knowledge is needed about the inheritance pattern of tetraploid parents to optimize the efficiency of triploid varieties and tetraploid rootstock breeding strategies. In this work, we have analyzed the inheritance pattern of three tetraploid genotypes: ‘Chandler’ pummelo (Citrus maxima) and ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata), which represent two clear examples of autotetraploid plants constituted by the genome of a single species, and the ‘Sevillano’ sour orange, which is an allotetraploid interspecific hybrid between C. maxima and C. reticulata. Polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to estimate parental heterozygosity restitution, and allele frequencies for centromeric loci were used to calculate the preferential pairing rate related to the proportion of disomic and tetrasomic segregation. The tetraploid pummelo and mandarin displayed tetrasomic segregation. Sour orange evidenced a clear intermediate inheritance for five of the nine chromosomes (1, 2, 5, 7, and 8), a slight tendency toward tetrasomic inheritance on chromosome 3, and intermediate inheritance with a tendency toward disomy for chromosomes 4, 6, and 9. These results indicate that the interspecific versus intraspecific phylogenomic origin affects preferential pairing and, therefore, the inheritance patterns. Despite its high level of heterozygosity, the important preferential chromosome pairing observed in sour orange results in a limited diversity of the genotypic variability of its diploid gametes, and consequently, a large part of the genetic value of the original diploid sour orange is transferred to the tetraploid progenies
Development and Genome-Wide Analysis of a Blast-Resistant japonica Rice Variety
Get PDFRice is one of the most important crops in the world, and its production is severely affected
by the rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Several major blast resistance genes
and QTLs associated with blast resistance have been described and mostly identified in indica rice
varieties. In this work, we report the obtention of a blast-resistant rice breeding line derived from
crosses between the resistant indica variety CT13432 and the japonica elite cultivar JSendra (highly
susceptible to blast). The breeding line, named COPSEMAR9, was found to exhibit resistance to leaf
blast and panicle blast, as demonstrated by disease assays under controlled and field conditions.
Furthermore, a high-quality genome sequence of the blast-resistant breeding line was obtained using
a strategy that combines short-read sequencing (Illumina sequencing) and long-read sequencing
(Pacbio sequencing). The use of a whole-genome approach allowed the fine mapping of DNA regions
of indica and japonica origin present in the COPSEMAR9 genome and the identification of parental
gene regions potentially contributing to blast resistance in the breeding line. Rice blast resistance
genes (including Pi33 derived from the resistant parent) and defense-related genes in the genome of
COPSEMAR9 were identified. Whole-genome analyses also revealed the presence of microRNAs
(miRNAs) with a known function in the rice response to M. oryzae infection in COPSEMAR9, which
might also contribute to its phenotype of blast resistance. From this study, the genomic information
and analysis methods provide valuable knowledge that will be useful in breeding programs for blast
resistance in japonica rice cultivars
Beef Nutritional Characteristics, Fat Profile and Blood Metabolic Markers from Purebred Wagyu, Crossbred Wagyu and Crossbred European Steers Raised on a Fattening Farm in Spain
Get PDFBeef cattle production has improved to achieve consumers’ preferences, including meat quality and human-health-related indexes. Wagyu (WY) breed is Japanese cattle with high intramuscular fat infiltration and rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Most Wagyu beef cattle are raised in Japan. Our objective was to describe Wagyu, Wagyu-by-Angus (Wangus, WN), and Angus-by-Charolaise-Limousine (ACL) beef produced in a Spanish fattening system with high-olein diets, regarding the fat profile, health-related indexes and the metabolic biomarkers prior to slaughtering. Blood lipid-related metabolites, except for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and low-density level cholesterol (LDL), were higher in WY and WN than in ACL, while glucose was lower in WY and WN. Leptin was higher in WN than in ACL. Nutritional analyses showed higher fat infiltration in WY and WN steers than ACL animals for both meat cuts (sirloin and entrecote), including three-fold higher content. Wagyu beef had the highest intramuscular fat in sirloin (51.5% vs. 21.9%) and entrecote (59.6% vs. 27.6%) vs. ACL animals. Wagyu entrecote contained more unsaturated fatty acids (55.8% vs. 53.0%) and more oleic acids (47.5% vs. 43.3%) than ACL’ beef. Wagyu and WN entrecote showed better atherogenic (0.6 and 0.55 vs. 0.69), thrombogenicity (0.82 and 0.92 vs. 1.1), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index (1.9 and 2.1 vs. 1.7; all p < 0.001) than ACL’s beef. In brief, the fat profile and nutritional characteristics of beef depend on the fattening period, breed/crossbred, and cut of meat, with Wagyu and Wangus beef showing a healthier fat profile than ACL animals
Native ants facilitate the invasion by Delottococcus aberiae in Mediterranean citrus [Dataset]
No full textThe invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has become a key pest in Mediterranean citrus. This mealybug species excretes honeydew that can be consumed by ants, which may give rise to mutualistic relationships and increase the invasibility of this exotic pest. Here, we studied the interaction between D. aberiae and ants in 16 citrus orchards located in the main citrus-growing area of Spain (Valencia) during two consecutive years. The aim of the present research was to study the interactions between D. aberiae and ant species in Spanish citrus orchards to determine whether these interactions can accelerate the invasion by this mealybug species. For this, 16 citrus orchards were sampled during two consecutive years to: i) identify the ant species that attend D. aberiae; ii) determine the level and density-dependence of ant-attendance; and finally, iii) evaluate the correlation between ant activity and D. aberiae density. The data set includes information on the abundance of mealybugs, ants, and predators in different parts of citrus trees from the orchards sampled in spring, summer, and autumn of 2020 and 2021.This dataset is associated to the published paper “Native ants facilitate the invasion by Delottococcus aberiae in Mediterranean citrus”. In this paper, the mutualistic relationship between Mediterranean ants and the invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae in citrus orchards from eastern Spain is described
FRUITFLYRISKMANAGE: A Euphresco project for Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) risk management applied in some European countries
Get PDFCeratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mediterranean fruit fly or medfly, is one of the world's most serious threats to fresh fruits. It is highly polyphagous (recorded from over 300 hosts) and capable of adapting to a wide range of climates. This pest has spread to the EPPO region and is mainly present in the southern part, damaging Citrus and Prunus. In Northern and Central Europe records refer to interceptions or short-lived adventive populations only. Sustainable programs for surveillance, spread assessment using models and control strategies for pests such as C. capitata represent a major plant health challenge for all countries in Europe. This article includes a review of pest distribution and monitoring techniques in 11 countries of the EPPO region. This work compiles information that was crucial for a better understanding of pest occurrence and contributes to identifying areas susceptible to potential invasion and establishment. The key outputs and results obtained in the Euphresco project included knowledge transfer about early detection tools and methods used in different countries for pest monitoring. A MaxEnt software model resulted in risk maps for C. capitata in different climatic regions. This is an important tool to help decision making and to develop actions against this pest in the different partner countries
Uso de diluyente a base de leche desnatada congelado-descongelado: efecto sobre la calidad espermática del semen crioconservado de caprino
Get PDFMicro and mesoporous materials with essential oils as sustainable biocide materials
Get PDFOver the last few years policy is shifting towards more sustainable models, and agriculture is changing together. Legislative changes in the use of pesticides lead to the search for new materials that guarantee the needs of the present without compromising future generations. Consequently, there is an increasing necessity to develop new sustainable materials with fungicidal properties to preserve the quality of fresh horticultural produce during storage. Postharvest diseases of citrus fruits, mainly caused by wound pathogens such as Penicillium digitatum (PD), Penicillium italicum (PI) and Geotrichum citri-aurantii (GC), can produce large economic losses [1]. Many studies have been conducted to find biocide materials that may control the development of these fungi. It has been reported that silver-functionalised zeolitic materials are effective to reduce decay on oranges infected by these fungi [2], but the release of silver may be a problem due to strict regulations associated with food products. An alternative can be the use natural substances as thyme and cinnamon essential oils supported on zeolites as biocidal agents against PD, PI and GC. In vitro studies using Faujasite zeolites impregnated with essential oils at different concentrations showed a significant fungal growth inhibition, obtaining the best results with thyme essential oil. In subsequent in vivo studies, LTA and MCM-22 zeolites synthesized from silica extracted from rice husks, SiO2 and a pillared clay with 20% by weight of thyme essential oil were applied to oranges artificially inoculated with each fungus. Results showed that the antifungal activity highly depended on the fungus and the material used. LTA zeolite with 20% thyme essential oil was the most active antifungal material. As another alternative, silica mesoporous materials were synthetised and impregnated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in aqueous or methanolic medium. In in vitro studies, these materials inhibited the growth of PD by 80% compared to the control without functionalised silica. Furthermore, in vivo studies with oranges artificially inoculated with each fungus showed the biocidal activity of the PPE-functionalised materials, especially against PD and PI. Nevertheless, optimization of these materials is still necessary to improve their disease control and general performance
Allometric relationships for biomass estimation of persimmon trees using a field robot, LiDAR and photogrammetry
Get PDFChemical analyses of plants for nutritional diagnoses are destructive, complex, and timeconsuming.
Fast and non-destructive alternatives based on optical sensors can perform the
nutritional status of plants in the field [1]. While data captured by spectral sensors can be used to
determine the nutritional status, the actual needs are influenced by other factors, such as the size of
the plant or growth evolution. Allometric measurements, such as height, diameter, or canopy volume,
along with the study of their temporal evolution, can provide valuable information. The use of 3D
sensors can optimise this process, with one of the most widely used sensors being LiDAR [2].
Another technique is photogrammetry, which generates a 3D model from photographs. The aim
was to develop non-destructive tools for determining allometric measurements of a persimmon crop
at various phenological stages using LiDAR and photogrammetry on a robotic platform