ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Effect of Rootstock on the Volatile Profile of Mandarins
Get PDFMandarin production has increased in recent years, especially for fresh consumption, due to its ease of peeling, its aroma, and its content of bioactive compounds. In this sense, aromas play a fundamental role in the sensory quality of this fruit. The selection of the appropriate rootstock is crucial for the success of the crop and its quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the influence of 9 rootstocks (“Carrizo citrange”, “Swingle citrumelo CPB 4475”, “Macrophylla”, “Volkameriana”, “Forner-Alcaide 5”, “Forner-Alcaide V17”, “C-35”, “Forner-Alcaide 418”, and “Forner-Alcaide 517”) on the volatile composition of “Clemenules” mandarin. For this, the volatile compounds of mandarin juice were measured using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction in a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Seventy-one volatile compounds were identified in the analyzed samples, with limonene being the main compound. The results obtained showed that the rootstock used in the cultivation of mandarins affects the volatile content of the juice, with “Carrizo citrange”, “Forner-Alcaide 5”, “Forner-Alcaide 418”, and “Forner-Alcaide 517” being those that presented the highest concentration
Covert infection with an RNA virus affects medfly fitness and the interaction with its natural parasitoid Aganaspis daci
Get PDFWith the advent of high-throughput sequencing, large sets of insect-infecting RNA viruses producing apparent asymptomatic infections are being discovered. In the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata, an agricultural key pest of a wide range of fruits, 13 different RNA viruses have been described so far. Recent analysis demonstrated a wide distribution of these viruses in different medfly strains collected worldwide, but little is known about the interactions between those viruses and the medfly host. Previous studies suggested that a higher abundance of Ceratitis capitata nora virus (CcaNV) correlated with a shorter lifespan in adults. Here, we investigated the effect of CcaNV on a broad range of parameters related to host fitness and its interaction with other trophic levels. CcaNV purified from a naturally infected medfly strain was added to the larval diet. Pupal weight, adult emergence, flying ability, and longevity were monitored after oral infections. Our results revealed detrimental effects associated with a CcaNV infection in the medfly, in terms of reduced pupal weight and reduced adult longevity. Moreover, we tested the influence of a CcaNV infection in medflies on the parasitism performance of Aganaspis daci, an endoparasitoid used in biological control programs against medflies. Our results showed that A. daci progeny increased when parasitizing on CcaNV-infected larvae. Overall, we proved that covert RNA viruses can impact the insect ecology, directly affecting its insect host biology and indirectly influencing multitrophic interactions
Trophobiotic interactions between mealybug and ants in western Mediterranean basin [Dataset]
No full textThis study was carried out in 17 persimmon orchards from western Mediterranean basin, the main persimmon producing area from the Mediterranean Basin. Nine trees were sampled per plot in spring (between May 10 and 22), summer (between July 14 and July 27) and early-autumn (between September 27 and October 10) across two consecutive years (2020 and 2021). For each tree, sampling season and year, 120 leaves (30 per cardinal direction), 40 fruits (10 per cardinal direction) and the surface of the trunk (from the base to a 50 cm height) were surveyed. All mealybugs and ants were identified down to species level and counted, as well as the number of the long-tailed mealybug P. longispinus per developmental stage (instar). Additionally, the number of parasitized P. longispinus was recorded from all the individuals surveyed, and we also registered the abundance of potential predators of P. longispinus. The data set contains a CSV file that includes the raw data collected in the study (i.e., per sampling unit). A legend is included to facilitate the interpretation of the data.These data collect the abundance of mealybugs and their associated ants in persimmon orchards in the western Mediterranean. Additionally, parasitism of the most abundant mealybug species, P. longispinus, is recorded, along with the abundance of its potential predators. The study was conducted in 17 persimmon plots in the Valencian Community, the main producing area of this crop in the Mediterranean basin, during the years 2020 and 2021
Habitat heterogeneity reduces abundance of invasive mealybugs in subtropical fruit crops [Dataset]
No full textThe study was conducted in 17 persimmon and 16 citrus orchards in Eastern Spain. In each orchard, nine trees were sampled across three seasons: late spring, mid-summer, and mid-autumn. For each tree and sampling date, we counted and identified the mealybugs present in 120 leaves (30 per cardinal direction), 40 fruits (10 per cardinal direction), and the trunk surface (from ground level to 50 cm height). All observed mealybugs were identified up to the species level. The number of parasitized mealybugs was recorded. Local and landscape heterogeneity were characterized based on the vegetation cover within the plots and the proportion of land use types in the landscape surrounding the plots, respectively. On each sampling date and plot, we assessed the ground cover of spontaneous vegetation, assigning values between 0 and 6 based on the percentage of ground covered by vegetation. We characterized the landscape around sampled plots using Geographic Information System of Agricultural Plots (SIGPAC) for 2020 and 2021. To calculate the surrounding land use proportions for each plot, we assigned varying weights to landscape patches based on their proximity to the sampling location using two different Gaussian decay functions.This dataset is associated to the published paper “Habitat heterogeneity reduces abundance of invasive mealybugs in subtropical fruit crops”. This study tested whether habitat heterogeneity at local and landscape scales reduces the abundance of invasive mealybug species in subtropical crops from Spain. The dataset gathers information on the abundance of mealybugs and their parasitism. In addition, data related to the habitat is collected at both local and landscape levels
The Importance of Studying Factors That Affect the In Vitro Evaluation of Semen Quality to Predict Potential Fertility in Males
Get PDFThe presence of sub-fertile or infertile males in farms or artificial insemination (AI) centres has a great impact on the reproductive and economic performance of the livestock industry. Assessment of the field fertility of males or ejaculates (or seminal samples from experimental protocols) with a large number of AI procedures can take a long time and involves high costs. The early detection of these males or semen samples with low-potential fertility by means of in vitro analysis is extremely valuable. While infertile male detection may be more or less evident, the detection of sub-fertile males requires procedures of in vitro evaluation of sperm quality to be as optimized. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of cooled storage or cryopreservation, it is essential to have adequate procedures for in vitro evaluation, to know the real impact of these techniques and to improve them. Most published papers reporting optimizing procedures for in vitro assessment of sperm focus on human, laboratory animal or livestock species with important economic weight. However, the description of semen quality parameters in other wild or less studied, but no less important, species (e.g., bees) is vital for animal biodiversity conservation programs
Mealybugs in Mediterranean persimmon: fruit infestation, seasonal trend and effect of climate change
Get PDFMealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are the main pest of persimmon in Spain, the second producer in the world. In order to develop an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program, it is necessary to identify the main mealybug species, determine their phenology, and develop tools to predict damage. To do this, we sampled 17 orchards from the main persimmon producing area in Spain over two years. Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzeti) was the most abundant and widely distributed species. This mealybug species completed three generations per year and reached peak density just before harvest. Fruit infestation at harvest was highly correlated with mealybug density in spring and summer. The estimated thermal constants to complete development and one generation were 512.5 and 956.3 degree days, respectively. Based on climate change predictions, crop damage caused by the third generation of P. longispinus will increase in 2040 and the mealybug will complete a fourth generation by 2080. Pseudococcus longispinus has become the main pest for Mediterranean persimmon and damage produced by this mealybug may be exacerbated by climate change. This work provides essential data to design a sampling protocol and determine intervention times and thresholds against this mealybug
Efectos del riego deficitario controlado sobre la coloración del fruto en naranja sanguina
Get PDFEl cultivo de naranjas pigmentadas está cobrando especial relevancia gracias a su elevado valor nutricional y antioxidante. El color rojo tan característico en este grupo de naranjas se debe a la presencia de las antocianinas, cuya síntesis se ha asociado a las bajas temperaturas. Sin embargo, el aumento de la temperatura durante el periodo de maduración del fruto, debido al cambio climático, está afectando el desarrollo de la coloración roja del fruto, lo que supone un retraso en la fecha de recolección. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar la aplicación de déficit hídrico durante la etapa de maduración y determinar si el estrés asociado a la falta de agua puede contribuir a potenciar la pigmentación del fruto. El estudio se ha realizado en árboles jóvenes de naranja roja cv. ‘Tarocco Ippolito’ injertados sobre citrange Carrizo. Se han aplicado 3 tratamientos de riego: Control (100% ETc) y 2 estrategias de riego deficitario controlado (RDC), RDC-pre (30% ETc, septiembre-final de noviembre) y RDC-pos (supresión del riego, final de noviembre-recolección comercial) al inicio de la síntesis de antocianinas en el fruto. Los principales resultados han mostrado que la aplicación de déficit hídrico durante la maduración del fruto ha aumentado la pigmentación roja de la corteza, pero sin generar cambios de color en la pulpa respecto a los frutos control. Aunque el efecto conseguido sobre el color externo fue similar en ambas estrategias, se ha observado una mayor correlación entre el nivel de estrés generado con el RDC-pos y el parámetro de color a*/b* (CieLab). En base a estos resultados, la aplicación de un déficit hídrico tras el inicio de la síntesis de antocianinas en el fruto es una herramienta sostenible que permite potenciar la coloración rojiza de la piel en variedades de naranja roja
Development of a 3D accelerometer to predict dairy goats behaviour
Get PDFThis study focuses on the application of new technologies in the livestock sector, particularly
those aiming at improving individual animal management through data collection and analysis
of animal behavior. The goal is to use this data as livestock health and well-being indicators.
The study incorporates a commercial triaxial accelerometer called Digitanimal® into goat
farms to provide information about individual animal behavior. The study was conducted at
an experimental farm for small ruminants, using a herd of 14 Murciano-Granadina goats in a
non-productive state. The accelerometers were integrated into collars worn by the goats,
recording position values of the X, Y, and Z axes at a frequency of 10 Hz. Behaviors such as
lying down, standing, rumination, fighting, movement, and inactivity were observed and
recorded during 4 hours per day, always in the morning. Behaviours were recorded through
an app provided by Digitanimal®, specially designed for the validation of the devices. The
collected data were synchronized with the recorded behaviors, and the predictive capacity of
the accelerometer was evaluated using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The
results showed that the Random Forest algorithm had a moderate to high prediction capability
for behaviors such as inactive and lying down, with 46% and 100% accuracy, respectively.
The algorithm also performed well in identifying movement behavior, with an accuracy of
82%. However, rumination and fighting behaviors could not be evaluated due to the limited
amount of data collected.
The study demonstrates that this sensor could predict behaviors such as active, inactive,
movement, and lying down in goats. However, more data and observation hours are needed
to improve the accuracy of predicting rumination and fighting behaviors. The accuracy of
human observers in labeling behaviors is also an important factor that influences data
synchronization, training, and validation. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of
using these specific accelerometers and machine learning algorithms to monitor and assess
livestock behavior, providing valuable and promising insights into animal health and well bein
Determinación de la textura en caqui "Rojo brillante" mediante imagen hyiperspectral Vis-NIR
No full textQuality of persimmon cv 'Rojo Brillante' fruits can be affected by changes in texture
during postharvest storage if storage conditions are not appropriate, which can impact
consumer acceptance. Therefore, developing accurate tools to predict texture before marketing
is of great interest. Hyperspectral imaging is a non-destructive technology that has been proven
effective for predicting internal attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of
hyperspectral images for predicting flesh firmness. A total of 3,340 persimmons were stored for
three months under different temperature conditions (0°C, 1°C, and 5°C) to induce varying
changes in flesh texture. Hyperspectral images were acquired at harvest and every month for
each storage condition. Flesh firmness was measured using a texturometer immediately after
image acquisition. Samples were clustered into three groups using k-Means based on their
firmness data and mean spectra was extracted from each persimmon. Samples were randomly
divided into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Besides, wavelength reduction was performed using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS) coefficients. The training data was used
to train PLS, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest models using all spectra and selected
wavelengths. All models achieved high accuracies, indicating that even using a few
wavelengths, it is possible to accurately predict the flesh firmness of persimmon fruits
Caracterización del perfil de compuestos volátiles de tres naranjas sanguinas y tres naranjas blancas
No full textLas naranjas sanguinas se caracterizan por su alto contenido de antocianinas, lo que les
confiere propiedades especialmente saludables. En los últimos años hay un creciente
interés por estas variedades debido a la demanda de los consumidores de alimentos
beneficiosos para la salud. Si bien existen numerosos trabajos en los que se ha evaluado la
concentración y el perfil de antocianas de estas naranjas, apenas existe información sobre
su composición de volátiles, no estando claro si realmente existe un 'sabor característico a
naranja sanguina' o no. En este estudio se ha determinado el perfil de compuestos
volátiles de 3 variedades de naranjas blancas ('Hamlin',' Cadanera' y 'Salustiana') y 3
variedades sanguinas ('Tarocco Rosso', 'Sanguinelli' y 'Moro'). Además, con el objetivo de
determinar si cambios en el nivel de pigmentación llevan asociado cambios en el perfil
aromático, en el caso de las variedades sanguinas el análisis se realizó partiendo de
naranjas con una baja y una alta intensidad de pigmentación. Mediante cromatografía de
gases-masas (GC-MS) se identificaron un total de 102 compuestos. De acuerdo con
nuestros resultados, no existe un perfil aromático propio de las naranjas sanguinas. Si bien
las variedades 'Sanguinelli' y 'Moro' mostraron un perfil particular, claramente
diferenciado del resto de variedades, no se observó un patrón común a ambos perfiles, y
las diferencias entre ellos fueron de igual magnitud o incluso mayores que las diferencias
observadas respecto a las variedades blancas. Además, la variedad 'Tarocco Rosso' mostró
un perfil muy similar al de la variedad blanca 'Hamlin'. Por otra parte, se observaron
cambios en la concentración de determinados compuestos volátiles asociados a la
acumulación de antocianinas en las variedades 'Tarocco Rosso' y 'Moro', observándose
niveles más elevados en las muestras más pigmentadas respecto a las menos
pigmentadas. Este patrón no tuvo lugar en 'Sanguinelli'