Проблемы Арктики и Антарктики
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Исследование реакций корпусных конструкций НЭС «Академик Трёшников» на ледовые воздействия в рамках первого этапа экспедиции «Трансарктика-2019»
Get PDFАнализ эффектов авроральных суббурь по данным вертикального зондирования ионосферы в Арктике
Get PDFThe problem of diagnosing and predicting the characteristics of the polar ionosphere can be investigated by studying the effect of magnetospheric disturbances on the high-latitude ionosphere. Our task is to investigate the dependence of the variations in the electron concentration F of the ionosphere region at the subauroral stations of vertical sounding (VS) Sodankyla, Lovozero and Gorkovskaya on variations in the geomagnetic field. The data of AE and PC of geomagnetic indices were used during substorms in the winter of 2011–2012. For analysis, the epoch overlapping method was used. As a result, it was shown that the perturbation in the electromagnetic field is accompanied by a subsequent amplification of variations during the critical frequencies fоF2, and hence the electron concentration, auroral and subauroral ionosphere.We conclude that the geomagnetic indices AE and PC can serve as predictors of disturbances during the ionospheric parameter fоF2 of the high-latitude ionosphere in the winter season.An increase in the amplitude level of AE from 100 to 350 nT (and PC > 2) during the night hours of the winter season precedes an increase in the critical frequencies of the ionosphere F2 layer by an average of 30% of the median. An increase in the amplitude level of AE from 180 to 520 nT (and PC> 2) in the winter season in the afternoon precedes the positive or negative deviation of the critical frequencies of the ionosphere F2 layer from the median by a mean of 10%. The response of the high-latitude ionosphere of the F2 layer to variations in the AE and PC indices appears in the first hour after the maximum during geomagnetic indices, the delay of the maximum deviation from the median 1 hour at night and 3 hours in the afternoon at Lovozero station, at Sodankyla and Gorkovskaya is about 3 hours at night and weakly expressed during the day.I declare I have no competing interests.Проблема диагностики и прогнозирования характеристик полярной ионосферы может исследоваться с помощью изучения влияния магнитосферных возмущений на высокоширотную ионосферу. Нашей задачей было исследовать зависимость вариаций электронной концентрации F области ионосферы на субавроральных станциях вертикального зондирования (ВЗ) Соданкюла, Ловозеро и Горьковская от вариаций геомагнитного поля. Использовались данные АЕ и РС геомагнитных индексов во время суббурь зимой 2011–2012 гг. Для анализа применялся метод наложения эпох. В результате нашего исследования показано, что возмущение в электромагнитном поле сопровождается последующим усилением вариаций критических частот fоF2, а значит, и электронной концентрации в авроральной и субавроральной ионосфере. В результате исследования сделан вывод о том, что геомагнитные индексы АЕ и РС могут служить предикторами возмущений в ходе ионосферного параметра fоF2 высокоширотной ионосферы в зимний сезон.Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов
Вариации метана в атмосфере Антарктиды в 2009–2017 гг. по данным наземных и спутниковых измерений
Get PDFРаспределение взвешенных частиц в Баренцевом море в конце зимы 2019 г.
Get PDFArctic summer and winter sea-ice extent is continuously declining as a result of climate change, affecting the hydrography and biogeochemical cycles on the seasonally ice-free Eurasian Shelves. The prolongation of the open-water season causes higher sediment resuspension and coastal erosion due to larger wind fetch and wave heights. This impacts the optical properties of the water column and hence biological productivity in this region. During “Transarktika-2019” leg 1 in late winter 2019, a comprehensive dataset of filtered water samples and optical data was collected throughout the central and northern Barents Sea. Combining suspended particulate matter concentrations obtained from water samples and optical data revealed a pronounced bottom nepheloid layer on the Barents Sea shelf even under ice-covered conditions. Moreover, the data indicate that the Franz Viktoria Trough could be a major pathway for sediment transport into the Eurasian Basin. Therefore, to link changes in sediment distribution and its impact on the ecosystem under a warming climate, further studies of sediment dynamics are required, particularly during winter
Габброиды острова Питерман (Западная Антарктида): первые сведения по геохимии
Get PDFВ статье представлены результаты геохимических исследований габброидов о. Питерман (Аргентинские острова). С интрузиями габброидов андийского комплекса связаны меланогаббро-пегматиты и позднемагматические дайки с проявлениями минерализации магнетита, ильменита, сульфидов и повышенные концентрации V, Co и Cu, что представляет интерес как для поисков полезных ископаемых, так и для решения вопроса об их генезисе. Согласно полученным данным, широкий спектр составов габброидов андийского комплекса образовался в результате кристаллизационной дифференциации магмы, выплавленной из пород состава примитивной мантии в коровых магматических камерах, в результате которой осуществлялось и накопление V, Co и Cu в остаточных магматических расплавах
Приливные и сгонно-нагонные колебания уровня воды в районе м. Каменный (Обская губа)
Get PDFПроизведена ревизия всех исторических материалов ежечасных и срочных наблюдений за уровнем моря у м. Каменный. Получены средние (векторные) оценки гармонических постоянных приливов для 12 месяцев годового цикла. Данные срочных наблюдений за 1977–1994 гг. приведены к однородным рядам с помощью способа калибровки приливов. Рассмотрены непериодические колебания уровня по ежечасным наблюдениям 1947–1948 гг. и срочным наблюдениям 1977–1994 гг. По значениям остаточных уровней (наблюдения минус предвычисления) даны статистические характеристики сгонно-нагонных колебаний в районе м. Каменный
Нефтяное загрязнение территорий западного побережья Обской губы
Get PDFThe article reports the results of the summer 2018 expedition to Cape Kamenny(of the Ob bay, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region) and the nearby non-functioning oil product supply facility (OPSF).The aim of the study was to monitor the current environmental situation and assess the level of oil pollution of environmental objects on these territories. The field and laboratory studies revealed the need to treat and remediate the oil-polluted soils, water bodies and wetlands.The field surveys of the territories showed the presence of visible oil polluted sites. The results of the laboratory tests revealed an excess of maximal permissible concentration (MPC) levels (1.3 – 6.2 MPC) for the water bodies located near the sources of oil pollution. The soil samples near the OPSF demonstrate a significant excess of oil products content (up to 1474 times). The soils sampled at Cape Kamenny are characterized by smaller content of oil products.Since the non-functioning OPSF is situated on a territory that has always been poluted by oil, it seems necessary to develop a land remediation plan to rehabilitate the site and to prevent a further pollution of the adjacent territories due to the migration of the pollutants.The oil pollution levels established for Cape Kamenny territory indicate a fairly high level of anthropogenic pressure in this area. Due to the low comparatively low soil stability in the area, it appears necessary to augment the measures for controlling the oil products leakage and spills at all the potentially hazardous objects.Проведен мониторинг нефтяного загрязнения объектов окружающей среды на территории п. Мыс Каменный и расположенного поблизости нефункционирующего объекта нефтепродуктоснабжения. Целью исследования являлась оценка уровня нефтяного загрязнения объектов окружающей среды на территории природно-антропогенных комплексов западного побережья Обской губы в районе п. Мыс Каменный. Определены уровни загрязнения объектов окружающей среды нефтью и нефтепродуктами, установлены превышения величин ПДК для отдельных точек экологического мониторинга. Рекогносцировочные и камеральные исследования выявили необходимость проведения мероприятий по рекультивации нефтезагрязненных участков
PC индекс как показатель энергии солнечного ветра, поступающей в магнитосферу (итоги)
Get PDFThe paper includes a short review of advantages of the PC index which is a characteristic of the magnetic activity in the polar caps in the northern (PCN) and southern (PCS) hemispheres. It is demonstrated that the PC index properly responds to variations of the geoeffective interplanetary electric field E coupling with the magnetosphere, on the one side, and predetermined the development of magnetospheric disturbances (magnetic storms and substorms), on the other side. These experimental results formed the physical backgrounds for concept that the ground-based PC index characterizes the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere. It is shown that problem of random discordances in behavior and value of the PCN and PCS indices during the summer/winter seasons is easily solved by choosing the PC index in the winter polar cap (PCwinter) as the best characteristic of the polar cap magnetic activity. At present the PC index is successfully applied to validate the utility of SW data presented at OMNI website (i.e. to verify whether or not the solar wind, measured in the Lagrange point, encountered the magnetosphere in reality). A special procedure agreed by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (responsible for production of PCS index) and DTU Space (responsible for production of PCN index) ensures the calculation of the 1-min PC indices in quasi-real time based on data of magnetic observations at the polar cap stations Vostok (Antarctic) and Qaanaaq (Greenland)
Пространственная изменчивость изотопного состава и скорости накопления снега на снегомерном полигоне станции Восток (Центральная Антарктида)
Get PDFThe knowledge of the spatial distribution of the snow accumulation rate and isotopic composition in different scales, from local to continental, over the Antarctic Ice Sheet is critically important for the interpretation of the paleoclimate data obtained from deep ice cores, for correct assessment of the ice sheet mass balance, etc. With this in mind, we have synthesized geodetic, glaciological and geochemical data collected in the vicinity of central Antarctic Vostok station in 1970–2017 in order to shed light on the processes governing the spatial distribution of snow isotopic composition and accumulation rate in the spatial scale from 100 to 1000 m. First, we have discovered that snow surface height and snow accumulation rate field are strongly affected by the influence of the logistic convoy route annually operating between Russian Antarctic stations Vostok and Progress. This influence is detectable up to 1 km leeward from the route. At the same time the isotopic composition of the upper 10 cm of the snow does not show any anomalies in the vicinity of the route. This is an unexpected result, because large anomalies of the ice sheet surface (e.g., megadunes) are known to affect the snow isotopic composition. Second, in the undisturbed part of the snow surface near Vostok station we have discovered quasi-periodic (with the wavelength of about 400 m) low-amplitude variations of the surface height that are covariant with the corresponding waves in snow accumulation and isotopic composition. We suggest that spatial variability of the snow isotopic composition is due to the different ratio of summer and winter precipitation deposited in different locations, as evident from a strong negative correlation between δD and dxs parameters. The results of this study may explain the nature of the low-frequency noise (with the time-scale from decades to centuries) observed in the climate records obtained from shallow and deep ice cores in central Antarctica
Человеческие и инфраструктурные связи Арктической зоны РФ: методологические подходы к изучению
Get PDFThe aim of the present paper is to introduce to the reader a new project “Arctic Connectivity: People and Infrastructures” (Russian Fund for Fundamental Research grant № 18-05-60108, received within the programme “Fundamental problems of research in the Russian Arctic: natural and social environment”). The three-year research project described in the article began in 2018 and is done by the Centre for Arctic Social Studies (European University, St Petersburg). The approach is based on the central concept of connectivity. The main aim of the research is to study different kinds of connections that make possible movement of people, objects, and information both within the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and between AZRF and other parts of the country. The research uses holistic approach with its simultaneous and integrated attention to both social ties of the people who live and work in the AZRF and the physical infrastructure (roads and railroads, air and water transport, telecommunication etc.) that supports these ties. Despite the common stereotype, AZRF is not separated from the rest of the country. Multiple ties, both infrastructural and symbolic, unite the region by providing exchange of people, objects, and information between its parts, and link AZRF to the southern parts of the country. The target group of the ongoing research includes both indigenous and non-indigenous population. From the theoretical perspective, the research will help validate a working hypothesis of special importance of connectivity for the Arctic region. The research will help fill gaps in our fragmentary knowledge of the social life of the Arctic. From a practical viewpoint, the project will help plan the development of AZRF more rationally