Sustainable Engineering and Innovation (SEI - E-Journal)
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The effect of cement replacement with metakaolin and sugarcane bagasse ash as supplementary cementitious materials on the properties of concrete
No full textThe use of supplementary cementitious materials in the cement and construction industry is growing rapidly owing to the numerous benefits the application of these materials offers. In this study, the effects of metakaolin (MK) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) used to partially replace cement on concrete are investigated. The experimental plan was designed using a constant 5% MK and 0-20% SCBA contents by weight. The mix design of 1:2:3 and water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.5 was employed. Samples prepared were tested at the ages of 7, 14, 28, and 60 days respectively. Concrete workability, water absorption, and densities all showed a decrease with an increase in the percentage of SCBA. The compressive strengths at lower percentages of SCBA (5% and 10%) recorded higher values compared to that of 5% MK and 0% SCBA. An increase in the percentage of SCBA above 10% however led to a decrease in compressive strength. The maximum compressive strength of 22.17N/mm2 was obtained at 60 days in concrete containing 5% MK and 10% SCBA. Both the T-statistics and F-statistics values calculated were statistically significant and exceeded their critical values. This suggests that there is a good relationship between the compressive strength of SCBA and the curing period and that the variation in the curing period and SCBA also causes a variation in the concrete compressive strength. From the results obtained, it is concluded that 5% MK and 10% SCBA can be applied to replace cement for structural concrete production
From traditional to digital: The impact of drones and virtual reality technologies on educational models in the post-epidemic era
Full text linkEmployment of various innovative tools for education in the post-epidemic era is an urgent issue of improving the quality and efficiency of education and the relevance of educational material. The study aims to investigate the impact of the use of drones and virtual reality in educational models of student learning in the post-pandemic period. The study was conducted using a quantitative method, a sociological survey, a pedagogical experiment, and mathematical processing of the results. The study involved fourth-year students (n=748) studying in the following specialties: geography and ecology (n=119), engineering, robotics (n=135), architecture and urban planning (n=120), agriculture, agronomy (n=118), information technology (IT) (n=139), journalism (n=117), and teachers (n=258) with more than 5 years of experience. For the educational process of students of each specialty, the scope of application of drones and virtual reality has been developed. Classes with the use of drones and virtual reality were held two times a week for one academic semester. Afterward, students were interviewed using an adapted questionnaire to study their attitudes toward virtual reality technologies and drones for learning. Students of all specialties positively evaluated various aspects of the use of drones and virtual reality in their educational process. The use of drones helps to improve student engagement and visual attention and has a positive impact on learning efficiency and student satisfaction with the learning process. Teachers approve of the use of drones and virtual reality in teaching but point out that further development of the methodology for training stakeholders in the educational process, infrastructure, improvement of curricula, and consideration of various aspects of technology use is needed to effectively implement drones and virtual reality in the learning process. The practical significance of this study is to present aspects of the use of drones in teaching students of certain specialties and to study the impact of the effectiveness of the use of these technologies on the opinions of students and teachers
Design for additive manufacturing: Review and framework proposal
Full text linkAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies have seen fast growth in the last few decades. AM needs the implementation of new methods in design, fabrication, and delivery to end-users. Hence, AM techniques have given great flexibility to designers as the design of complex components and highly customized products are no longer binding from a manufacturability point of view. In addition to high material variety, this allows multi-material and variable mechanical characteristics of product manufacturing. This review paper addresses the design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) rules, guidelines, and tools to guide the designer to take advantage of the opportunities provided by AM whether in the early design stages (EDS) or in the later phase using computer-aided design (CAD) tools. It discusses issues related to the design for AM and proposes a DfAM framework applied in the design for the additive manufacturing process
Prospect forecast for drilling ultra-deep wells in difficult geological conditions of western Turkmenistan
Full text linkThe relevance of the study is related to the growing need for efficient production of hydrocarbons in the difficult geological conditions of western Turkmenistan to ensure energy security and economic development of the region in the changing global oil and gas market. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the geological, technical, and economic aspects of drilling ultra-deep wells in difficult geological conditions of western Turkmenistan to assess their potential feasibility and contribution to the energy infrastructure of the region. The study used analytical, functional, and statistical methods, classification, and synthesis. The prospects for drilling wells in difficult and extreme geological conditions of western Turkmenistan were identified. The analysis of the current state of prospecting and exploration in this region was carried out, while the main attention was paid to the investigation of the main difficulties faced by drillers when working with deep horizons of the reedbeds. As a result of the conducted research, general principles and recommendations aimed at overcoming these problems were developed. Despite the successful introduction of modern technical and technological innovations that meet international standards when drilling deep and ultra-deep wells in the West Turkmen depression, the study emphasized that the existing drilling problems have not yet been eliminated. This study will provide valuable recommendations and information for making informed decisions when developing and implementing projects for drilling ultra-deep wells in difficult geological conditions, contributing to effective resource management and development of the oil and gas industry in western Turkmenistan
Blockchain and fintech technologies in the digital space of financial and industrial companies
Full text linkThe relevance of the article lies in examining the functional relationship between blockchain and fintech technologies in the innovative digital space of financial and industrial companies. The research aims to investigate the directions for the development of large integrated systems of financial and industrial capital, based on the principles of intensive production. The research methodology included the following methods: analytical (literature review, quantitative analysis), methods of comparison, generalization, and systematization. In particular, quantitative analysis was applied to calculate the index of digital cyber protection, which serves as an indicator and summarizes the safe properties of information resources in the digital space of banking institutions and their ability to prevent cyber-attacks on the financial and industrial capital of subjects in united spheres of economic activity. The results of the research have shown that the optimal criteria for the index of digital cyber protection are financially linked to industrial capital. The article substantiates the macroprudential policy of Ukraine’s banking sector based on blockchain regulators and fintech technologies from the EU, which foster the intensive development of technological competitiveness among financial institutions. The article can be useful for financial and industrial executives, banking institutions, consulting firms, and educators seeking insights into the integration of blockchain and fintech technologies
Ukraine’s energy supply in the defense sector: The first lessons of war
Full text linkThe terrible consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which continues on the territory of the Ukrainian land, and the consequences of natural disasters indicate the need to create alternative (reserve or emergency) sources of energy supply for enterprises, institutions, and individual households, and objects of small forms of management, especially outside the points of permanent deployment. Ensuring an uninterrupted and stable electricity supply to all these forms is an extremely important problem for Ukraine as the country faced a large number of challenges regarding energy independence due to numerous missile strikes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the energy system and the level of damage to Ukraine after the Russian missile attacks, the impact on the state of energy supply of individual facilities and consumers of military camps, examine the possibilities of using emergency and backup energy sources and alternative energy, in particular, solar and wind. The study analyses the destruction of the energy system of Ukraine as a result of missile attacks and the possibilities of using emergency and backup energy sources and alternative energy, in particular, solar and wind, and the investigation of the potential and opportunities to attract investment in the field of alternative energy. Special attention is paid to small business facilities, including military camps. In the course of the study, it was determined that Ukraine has a geographical location that provides space for the installation of various alternative energy systems and the possibility of combining them to diversify and improve the stability and reliability of the Ukrainian energy system. The practical importance of the study lies in the ability to make more informed decisions regarding the implementation of programs aimed at switching to alternative and decentralized energy sources. This will make the country’s energy infrastructure more stable and allow better meeting the energy needs of small forms of management, individual farms, military units, formations, and infrastructure facilities
Manufacturing industry potential of the Kyrgyz Republic in Eurasian economic integration
Full text linkThe Kyrgyz Republic, as a developing country with a socialist past, has great opportunities for further economic development. An important factor to consider is the growth of the manufacturing industry, which highlights the significance of analyzing this sector within the country. This study centers on the potential contribution of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), of which Kyrgyzstan is a constituent, towards the advancement of this industry. The research aimed to evaluate the current manufacturing capacity of the Kyrgyz Republic in the industrial sector and to comprehend the influence of the EAEU on industry growth. The main methods that were used during the writing of the research were analysis, forecasting, abstraction, and historical analysis. The work analyzed the industrial sector of Kyrgyzstan within the framework of its integration into the EAEU. The research assessed the historical background of Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the EAEU and the subsequent harmonization of national legislation with the provisions and requirements of the union. In addition, data comparing the industrial production and growth rates of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, and Kazakhstan have been presented, highlighting notable trends and differences. The work examines specific components of the manufacturing industry of the Kyrgyz Republic, the manufacture of food, beverages, and tobacco products; rubber and plastic manufacture, and non-metallic mineral goods; manufacturing of basic metals and metal products (excluding machinery and equipment); and supply of electricity, gas, steam, and conditioned air. It also talks about the manufacturing sector's importance in Kyrgyzstan, current trends, and possible future improvements, and it enables the assessment of the country's involvement in the EAEU
Sustainable construction strategies for building construction projects in the Kingdom of Bahrain: a model
Full text linkSustainability is defined as meeting the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This study focuses on the sustainable construction strategies used in the Kingdom of Bahrain in terms of sustainable construction technologies and management strategy linked to the environment and the significant relationship between the management strategy and construction technologies used for sustainable building construction. This study employed the descriptive-correlational method of research using a questionnaire for gathering data about the sustainable construction strategies used in Bahrain. The data gathered were analyzed using the weighted mean and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the degree of correlation between construction technologies and management strategy. SPSS software was used in the calculation.
Results show that management strategy linked to the environment is often practiced in around 75% of all projects delivered while general sustainable construction methods, energy and material-based techniques, and waste-based techniques are sometimes utilized in around 50% of all the building projects delivered. In addition, the utilization of these sustainable construction technologies is the result of a management strategy linked to the environment which the respondents rated as often practiced for all projects that were delivered. This implies that management strategy in protecting the environment in Bahrain is often practiced in construction for 75% of the projects.
From the results of the study, a model of sustainable building construction in the Kingdom of Bahrain was derived to achieve sustainable building construction. This includes the management strategies needed by the different stakeholders like construction firms and government agencies to carry out the implementation of sustainable construction and sustainable construction techniques (e.g., waste management, insulating materials, building envelope with thermal properties, building management system, and efficient fixtures)
Finite element analysis of unreinforced masonry walls with different bond patterns
Full text linkMasonry is the oldest building material, yet it is also the least understood due to the non-linear and composite nature of masonry, which consists of brick units, mortar, and unit-mortar contact. In this paper, the response of a two-dimensional masonry wall with a window opening subjected to an in-plane lateral pushover loading is simulated by varying the interface properties of brick such as crushing, elastic, cracking, and shear properties. The simplified micro-modeling technique with the Engineering Masonry model for bricks and linear stiffness properties for the interfaces in the bed and head joints is employed to investigate the geometric nonlinear behavior of the masonry wall. The pushover curves obtained from the numerical simulations indicate that there is a significant influence on the lateral load response of the wall due to elastic, crushing, and shear parameters while the cracking parameters have less impact on the ductile capacity of the structure. Moreover, the study is also extended to examine the effect of bond patterns such as English, Stretcher, Flemish, and Header bond with varied aspect ratios of 1,1.5 and 0.75. In all four bond patterns, it was observed that the walls with lower aspect ratios exhibited higher strength. Further, in comparison to the other bond patterns, walls with the Flemish bond pattern demonstrated higher strengths at both lower and higher aspect ratios
Optimization of energy consumption in smart homes using firefly algorithm and deep neural networks
Full text linkElectronic gadget advancements have increased the demand for IoT-based smart homes as the number of connected devices grows rapidly. The most prevalent connected electronic devices are smart environments in houses, grids, structures, and metropolises. Smart grid technology advancements have enabled smart structures to cover every nanosecond of energy use. The problem with smart, intelligent operations is that they use a lot more energy than traditional ones. Because of the growing growth of smart cities and houses, there is an increasing demand for efficient resource management. Energy is a valuable resource with a high unit cost. Consequently, authors are endeavoring to decrease energy usage, specifically in smart urban areas, while simultaneously ensuring a consistent terrain. The objective of this study is to enhance energy efficiency in intelligent buildings for both homes and businesses. For the comfort indicator ("thermal, visual, and air quality"), three parameters are used: temperature, illumination, and CO2. A hybrid rule-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Fire Fly (FF) algorithm are used to read the sensor parameters and to operate the comfort indication, as well as optimize energy consumption, respectively. The anticipated user attributes contributed to the system's enhanced performance in terms of the ease of use of the smart system and its energy usage. When compared to traditional approaches in expressions of Multi View with 98.23%, convolutional neural network (CNN) with 99.17%, and traffic automatic vehicle (AV) with 98.14%, the activities of the contributed approach are negligibly commanding