Sustainable Engineering and Innovation (SEI - E-Journal)
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142 research outputs found
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Survey of DoS/DDoS attacks in IoT
Get PDFThe term internet of things (IoT) has gained much popularity in the last decade, which can be defined as various connected devices over the internet. IoT has rapidly spread to include all aspects of our lives. For instance, smart houses, smart cities, and variant wearable devices. IoT devices work to do their desired goals, which is to develop a person's living with his/her minimal involvement. At the same time, IoT devices have many weaknesses, which attackers exploit to affect these devices' security. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) are considered the most common attacks that strike IoT security. The main aim of these attacks is to make victim systems down and inaccessible for legitimate users by malicious malware. This paper's objective is to discuss and review security issues related to DoS/DDoS attacks and their countermeasures i.e. prevention based on IoT devices' layers structure
Fabrication of multi-mode tip fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
Get PDFIn this research, a fiber optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was prepared. The sensor of SPR was configured using a gold thin layer at the end of a cleaved optical fiber by a sputtering technique. The source of white light was utilized to produce a series of wavelengths and excites surface plasmon resonance at the fiber tip. The SPR sensor was immersed into media with different refractive indices in the range of 1 to 1.58, including their similar plasmon resonance wavelength shifts that were saved by the optical spectrum analyzer. Experimental results that were obtained show there is a redshift when increasing the refractive index of solutions and sensitivity reach 298nm/ RIU, and resolution 4.31x?10?^(-4)
30 dB microstrip coupler with high directivity
Get PDFDue to the inhomogeneous structure of microstrip directional couplers, i.e. partly dielectric substrate, partly air, they mostly present property of poor directivity and low coupling level. The high directivity is achieved by a capacitive compensation by gap coupling of open stub formed in a sub-coupled line. Nevertheless, these couplers have the advantage of easy fabrication, lightweight, and incorporation with other microwave devices and are validated via design using Sonnet software. The main goal was to obtain coupling around -30 dB, meaning that almost all power is passed to the output, with a wide band; from around 3.5GHz to nearly 9GHz. Desired values have been obtained, including isolation and input match reaching -70 dB
Multi resonance patch antenna with multiple slits
Get PDFIn this paper, we have presented a new design of a multi resonance patch antenna with multiple slits. Slits are located on the three sides of the designed antenna. It is simulated in a planar 3D electromagnetic simulation program, called Sonnet Software, designed on the Aluminum (96%) substrate and operates at three frequencies with reflection coefficient (S11) values lower than -10 dB. Values for the operating frequencies are 4.14, 5.52, 9.24 GHz. Electric field theta polarized gains for these three frequencies are; 8.09, 8.35, and 8.39 dBs respectively. Cross polarization levels are well below -10 dB. A parametric study was conducted by changing the gap size and the dielectric thickness. As a result of the parametric study, it is seen that fabrication tolerances of the antenna are good enough
Slitted inset fed butterfly-shaped microstrip patch antenna
Get PDFIn this paper, the design, and simulation of a High-Frequency Slitted Butterfly-shaped Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna is studied. As its name says, the butterfly-shaped antenna is introduced with symmetric indentations at the top, bottom, and sides. Excitation was used at the bottom point of the antenna with inset and via feeding. An input match (S11) of -34.48 dB at the resonance frequency of 26.35 GHz with an electric field phi-polarized gain of 7.37 dB was obtained. Cross polarization level (electric field theta-polarized) is -20 dB. The 26 GHz band covers the 3.25 GHz of the spectrum between 24.25 GHz and 27.5 GHz and is being prioritized across Europe as the first high-frequency band for 5G. This high-frequency spectrum (known as ‘mmWave spectrum’), offers very high data capacity and speeds but with a limited range [1]
A dual resonance high frequency bandpass filter
Get PDFoai:ojs2.sei.ardascience.com:article/26This paper presents a design of a dual resonance high-frequency bandpass filter using the Sonnet EM Simulator. The filter prototype is enhanced by adding the short stub in the center of the design. A parametric study shows the impact of choosing appropriate configuration characteristics. This is a dual resonance bandpass filter design, with center frequencies 7.8 GHz and 9.3 GHz. Performed input match S_11 at first resonance is-28.87 dB and insertion loss S_21 is -0.05 dB. The obtained results at second resonance are S_11=-8.97 dB and S_21=-2.74 dB. Due to its characteristics, this is a high-Q medium bandwidth dual resonance bandpass filter. The design is simulated and planning to be fabricated with 0.36 mm thickness and dielectric constant ?_r=1. This paper benefits from its compact size and simple geometry over the similar filters found in the literature
Design of a 4-DOF grounded exoskeletal robot for shoulder and elbow rehabilitation
Get PDFThe number of cerebrovascular and neuromuscular diseases is increasing in parallel with the rising average age of the world’s population. Since the shoulder anatomy is complex, the number of rehabilitation robots for shoulder movements is limited. This paper presents the mechanical design, control, and testing of 4 degrees of freedom (DOF) grounded upper limb exoskeletal robot. It is capable of four different therapeutic exercises (passive, active assistive, isotonic, and isometric). During the mechanical design, the forces to be exposed to the robot were determined and after the design, the system was tested with strength analysis. Also, a low-cost electromyograph device was developed and integrated into the system to measure muscular activation for feedback and instantaneously muscle activation control for the physiotherapist during the therapy. The system can be used for rehabilitation on the shoulder and elbow. A PID controller for position-controlled exercises was developed. The test results were presented in terms of simulation and the real system for passive exercise. According to the test results, the developed system can perform the passive exercise and can be used for other therapeutic exercises as well
Breast cancer identification based on artificial intelligent system
Get PDFWorldwide, breast cancer causes a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis is important for treatment, but high-density breast tissues are difficult to analyze. Computer-assisted identification systems were introduced to classify by fine-needle aspirates FNA with features that better represent the images to be classified as a major challenge. This work is fully automated, and it does not require any manual intervention from the user. In this analysis, various texture definitions for the portrayal of breast tissue density on mammograms are examined in addition to contrasting them with other techniques. We have created an algorithm that can be divided into three classes: fatty, fatty-glandular, and dense-glandular. The suggested system works in a spatial-related domain and it results in extreme immunity to noise and background area, with a high rate of precision
Thermal energy storage
Get PDFThermal energy storage (TES) is an advanced energy technology that is attracting increasing interest for thermal applications such as space and water heating, cooling, and air conditioning. TES systems have enormous potential to facilitate more effective use of thermal equipment and large-scale energy substitutions that are economic. TES appears to be the most appropriate method for correcting the mismatch that sometimes occurs between the supply and demand of energy. It is therefore a very attractive technology for meeting society’s needs and desires for more efficient and environmentally benign energy use. In this study, thermal energy storage systems, energy storage, and methods, hydrogen for energy storage, and technologies are reviewed
Design and analysis of dual band pass filter
Get PDFIn this work, a dual-band meandered line bandpass filter is designed and simulated. The analysis is done while changing specific parameters, which includes mostly geometry and some material characteristics like dielectric thickness and metal types. This filter has a compact structure which is one of the main benefits. It has many applications in the industry and that is what makes work on it very interesting. Values for the S11 parameter are -20.70dB and -41.72 dB for 4.9GHz and 5.5GHz, respectively. Values for S12 parameter are -0.03dB and -2.91e-4dB for 4.9GHz and 5.5GHz, respectively