Sustainable Engineering and Innovation (SEI - E-Journal)
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Comparison of mechanical and microstructure properties of tungsten alloys for special purposes
Full text linkTungsten belongs to group of refractory metal that possess extraordinary resistance to heat and wear and it is the heaviest engineering material. Because of its properties tungsten is used for special purposes.
This paper presents the results of mechanical and microstructure research on the example of the characteristic heavy tungsten alloys 91W-6Ni-1.8Fe-1Co and 93W-5Ni-1.6Fe-0.3Co with different Ni/Co ratios.
The proper Ni/Co ratio is important to obtain a favorable microstructure and mechanical properties of these materials. The distribution of the W, Ni, Co and Fe elements in tungsten phase and binder phase, which can influence on mechanical properties of tungsten alloys.
The SEM analysis and mechanical results show that the alloy, which has Ni/Co within the given limits, posses a finer microstructure and better mechanical properties that is very important for the maintenance of the quality of tungsten alloys for special purposes
A survey on mobile payment applications and adopted theoretical models
Full text linkLooking at the evolution of mobile phones, communications technology, and the Internet, one can see a clear shift in their usage in the past decade as mobile payment has become an important research area in the field of information technology. However, many financial institutions have adopted mobile payments. Except that only a limited number of clients are used. Several information systems theories/models have been proposed to examine the factors that could influence user adoption. However, the literature on the field is still in its infancy. This paper, reviews and systematically analyzes the existing mobile payment acceptance and adoption literature that include UTAUT/TAM as a theoretical model to reveal mobile payment adoption research's current situation. The current study also provides a basis for future researchers in the mobile payment adoption study, as it provides a summary of related literature in the field, the models used, and the factors that have an impact on customer intent. Accordingly, the UTAUT, TAM models, with their extensions, are one of the models most used in examining and understanding the necessary factors that could influence mobile payment applications' adoption. The research revealed that 37 factors most commonly than a literature review on factors of adoption mobile payment applications since 2015. It was found that the factors of perceived trust and perceived risks are among the most critical factors in which the models are expanded, as they have an impact on the customer's acceptance of any new technology innovation. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on the factors of perceived trust and perceived risks to increase the applicability of UTAUT, TAM models to the mobile payment context
Towards 5G: A study of the impact of antenna polarization on statistical channel modeling
Full text linkThe millimetre wave (mmWave) is alleged as an important element invention to respond to the rapid increase in wireless demand for mobile traffic using its huge bandwidth. However, channel modeling remains difficult due to its high dependence on weather conditions and the positioning of the antenna for communication in direct visibility line-of-sight (LOS). Co-polarization and cross-polarization (X-pol) are two main events in the direction of the radiation element for wave transmission; where the wanted direction of wave transmission denotes the co-pol and the orthogonal propagation of the intended direction represents X-pol. This work investigates the effect of the polarization on a statistical channel modeling at 28 GHz, 38 GHz & 73 GHz mmWave channel using NYUSIM Model
A low-cost smart egg-incubator
Full text linkPoultry is one of the most consumed agricultural produce in Ghana. Because of this high demand, the problem necessitates efforts to maximize the yield of poultry production in the country. Relying on natural means of hatching eggs to increase poultry production is inefficient thus the need for technologies that will aid in maximizing the yield. Artificial means of solving this problem have brought about the invention of the incubator. Although this has helped in large-scale incubation, incubators in the market are very expensive which makes Ghanaian poultry farmers find it difficult to purchase. This project investigates the design and implementation of an affordable, automated incubator for local poultry farmers. It is aimed at designing a low-cost smart incubator to ensure the maintenance of the optimum environmental conditions necessary for hatching eggs. These conditions: Ventilation, Temperature, Relative Humidity, regular positioning, and eggs turnings are kept at their optimal values to efficiently increase the hatchability rate. Temperature and humidity sensors are used to read temperature and humidity values inside the incubator respectively. These values are sent to a microcontroller which then coordinates other parts of the incubator to execute automated tasks. A mobile application is integrated with the incubator for the communication of important information to the poultry farmer
Shell and tube heat exchanger design for production graphene oxide nanoparticles from agricultural waste
Full text linkHeat exchangers are used to transferring energy (heat), using fluids or gases, both hot and cold, from one area to another due to temperature differences. Almost all agricultural wastes serve as carbon products which are essential to produce graphene oxide, it is very possible to get graphene oxide by synthesizing it from agricultural waste which is expected to reduce the amount of waste on the earth. After carrying out the synthesis, it is necessary to test the characterization of the resulting product. The characterization stage requires a sintering process (20oC to 98oC) until the product is completely solidified. This research aims to design a heat exchanger that is highly effective in assisting the sintering process. For the design to be well-directed, several things must be done, such as calculating the main components (shell and tube) and designing a heat exchanger. Based on the TEMA standard and the use of simple calculations that refer to the attached calculation formula using Ms. Excel, hot and cold fluids used in this heat exchanger design are ethylene glycol and water. The length of the shell and tube as a whole is 5 m, the inner and outer shell diameters are 254 mm and 279.4 mm; the inner and outer tube diameters are respectively 22.09 mm and 25.40 mm. The calculation results show an excellent design effectiveness value of 86.14%. Continuous innovation in the design and materials of the heat exchanger can increase the effectiveness value to close to 100% so that it can help the graphene oxide synthesis process to make it cheaper and more efficient
An investigation on the friction losses between cylinder liner and piston rings
Full text linkHistorically, the engine crankcase has been made of gray cast iron due to that material's' high machinability, damping ability, thermal conductivity, and sensible cost. Despite these advantages and the long-term use of gray cast iron, the vehicle manufacturers predominately use cast aluminum as material of choice for the engine block due to aluminum’s density being almost a third of that of gray cast iron, and the aluminum engines have the same durability as gray cast iron while weighing considerably less. However, due to the low wear resistance of aluminum, efforts are needed to improve internal working surfaces such as the use of cast iron cylinder liners or the application of a protective coat is applied to the aluminum surface to increase its resistance. The purpose of this study is to examine which ring materials have the lowest friction with the Twin Wire Arc (TWA) aluminum cylinder liner. An Ansys simulation model accomplishes the experimental work. The steel ring material obviously had the lowest friction with twin wire arc spray aluminum cylinder liner as opposite to the cast iron material which was the worst
Sizing application for the development of an integrated PV/wind/hydro-battery energy system for sustainable power supply
Full text linkThis paper presents an algorithm for the study, sizing, simulation and data analysis of complete integrated PV/Wind/Hydro-Battery systems. It is a computer program developed for determining and sizing of renewable-based energy system that can be used for electric power supply at any given time. This tool is used in sizing the integrated PV/Wind/Hydro-Battery for sustainable power supply at Nkanu-West local government secretariat. The program calculates the optimum configuration of the system according to the weather data as well as the period of operation of solar cells. From the simulation results, it was shown that the source and load characteristics are effectively sized and the supplied energy is efficiently and rationally utilized. The structural analysis of the program is described in details through data flow diagrams. The proposed sizing tool is validated with HOMER software and the program can be adapted for application in any area
Designing and analyzing park sensor system for efficient and sustainable car park area management
Full text linkMany problems have been seen in cities because of increasing vehicle density. One of these problems is vehicle density in parking lots. People look for empty parking areas and they spend too much time. While people look for empty parking areas, CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission and energy consumption increase due to density in parking lots. We worked to solve these problems by doing Magnetic Car Park Sensor. Magnetic Car Park Sensor is the system which detects cars in car parks. After cars detected with the system, the system sends information to center server and we can see information data in the system interface. The system helps people to find empty parking lots. As people find empty car park areas fastly, energy consumption and CO2 emission are decreased significantly
Review of cloud computing in science, technology, and real life
Full text linkThis paper presents an overview of the general idea and history of cloud computing in theory. The objective of this review is to draw attention to preceding studies about cloud computing that have common characteristics with the theme of this paper. There were some points discussed in general, including the advantages of this technology, its subjects, security, and the effects of adopting cloud computing in an organization
Design and implementation of Threefish cipher algorithm in PNG file
Full text linkThis paper is presenting design and implementation of Threefish block cipher on grayscale images. Despite the fact that Threefish block cipher is one of the best secure algorithms, most studies concerning Threefish have focused on hardware implementation and have not commonly been applied on image encryption due to huge amount of data. The main contribution here was to reduce the time and the amount of data to be encrypted while maintaining encryption performance. This objective was achieved by encrypting just the most significant bits of image pixels. A 256-bit plain text blocks of the Threefish was constructed from 2n most significant bits of the pixels, where 0<n<3. Furthermore, Threefish block cipher was applied when n=3 to analyze the impact of uninvolving some bits in encryption process on the encryption performance. The results indicated that the encryption achieved good encryption quality when n=1, but it might cause some loss in decryption. In contrast, the encryption achieved high encryption quality when n=2, almost as good as the encryption of the whole pixel bits. Furthermore, the encryption time and the amount of data to be encrypted were decreased 50% as n decreased by 1. It was concluded that encrypting half of the pixel bits reduces both time and data, as well as significantly preserves the encryption quality. Finally, although the proposed method passed the statistical analysis, further work is needed to find a method resistant to the differential analysis