INSPIREE - Indonesian Sport Innovation Review
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Technical Proficiency Analysis in Table Tennis: A Comparative Study Between Advanced and Intermediate Players
No full textThe purpose of the study. This study presents a comprehensive examination of technical proficiencies in table tennis, comparing advanced and intermediate players to identify key differentiating factors in performance.
Materials and methods. The research involved 40 participants (20 advanced players with 5+ years of competitive experience and 20 intermediate players with 2-4 years of experience) aged 18-25 years. Over a three-month period, participants underwent systematic evaluation of their technical skills, including basic stroke accuracy, biomechanical efficiency, and tactical adaptability. This empirical investigation was undertaken at seven Table Tennis clubs located within the confines of Medan city, Indonesia.
Results. Results revealed significant differences between skill levels in most measured parameters: advanced players demonstrated superior forehand drive accuracy (85.3% vs 67.1%, p<0.001), backhand drive accuracy (82.7% vs 63.4%, p<0.001), and rally consistency (28.4 vs 15.6 hits, p<0.001). Biomechanical analysis showed advanced players maintained more optimal arm angles (110.5° vs 95.8°) and faster bat swing speeds (17.8 m/s vs 12.4 m/s). Additionally, advanced players exhibited better tactical adaptation, with more service variations (6.8 vs 4.2 types) and faster reaction times (245ms vs 312ms).
Conclusions. The findings highlight that the progression from intermediate to advanced level requires improvements across multiple domains, including technical consistency, biomechanical efficiency, and tactical adaptability. This research provides valuable insights for developing targeted training programs and understanding the multifaceted nature of expertise in table tennis
Integration of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy with Adaptive Swimming Instruction for Children with Water-Related Anxiety Disorders: A Randomised Controlled Trial
No full textThe purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated swimming instruction program combining cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) principles with adaptive aquatic techniques for children with water-related anxiety disorders, comparing outcomes with traditional swimming instruction methods.
Materials and methods. A randomized controlled trial involving 120 children aged 6-12 years with diagnosed anxiety disorders featuring water-related fears di kota Medan, Indonesia, Indonesia. Participants were assigned to either an intervention group (n=60) receiving specialized anxiety-focused instruction or a control group (n=60) receiving standard swimming lessons. The 12-week program included twice-weekly 45-minute sessions. Outcomes were measured using the Water Anxiety Scale for Children (WASC-R), Swimming Competency Assessment Tool (SCAT), Behavioral Observation Scale (BOS), and parent-reported anxiety measures (SCARED questionnaire).
Results. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements across all measures: anxiety reduction (68% vs 23% in controls), swimming competency (82% vs 45%), and avoidance behaviors (85% vs 35% reduction). Program completion rates were higher in the intervention group (95% vs 82%). At 3-month follow-up, the intervention group maintained superior outcomes in anxiety reduction (92% maintenance), swimming skills (88%), and water confidence (90%) compared to controls (76%, 70%, and 65% respectively).
Conclusions. The integrated anxiety-focused swimming instruction approach significantly outperforms traditional methods for children with water-related anxiety disorders, producing superior outcomes in both psychological and physical domains while maintaining higher program adherence rates. This approach should be considered the standard of care for anxiety-affected populations in aquatic education
Comparative Analysis of Pass Go and Traditional Drill Training Methods on Passing Accuracy Development in Youth Football Players Aged 12-15 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textThe purpose of the study. The precision of passing techniques is crucial for young football players, yet empirical comparisons of training methodologies during ages 12 to 15 are lacking. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the Pass Go methodology, a game-based learning approach, against traditional drill training in enhancing passing accuracy, decision-making speed, and technical execution among youth football players.
Materials and methods. Sixty youth football players aged 12-15 were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention with three groups: Pass Go (game-based training), drill-based training, and a control group. Passing accuracy (short-range and medium-range), decision-making, and technical execution were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention.
Results. During a 12-week intervention, the Pass Go methodology group significantly outperformed the drill-based training group in short-range passing accuracy, improving by 24.3% compared to 19.1% (d=1.82, p<0.001), medium-range passing accuracy with increases of 18.7% versus 15.4% (d=1.56, p<0.001), and decision-making speed, achieving a 64.3% improvement against 33.3% (p<0.001). Age-specific analysis revealed that younger participants (12 to 13 years) exhibited greater technical improvements, while older players (14 to 15 years) showed enhanced decision-making abilities. Both experimental groups significantly outperformed the control group across all parameters measured, confirming their superior efficacy.
Conclusions. The Pass Go methodology, emphasizing game-based learning, significantly outperformed traditional training in developing comprehensive passing skills among youth football players. These findings advocate for the enhanced incorporation of game-based learning strategies in youth football programs and stress the need for age-specific adaptations in training design to maximize player development
Integrating Sports Massage into Pre-training Routines Can Enhance Athletic Preparedness and Performance Capacity in Kabaddi Players
No full textThe purpose of the study. The primary objective of this investigation is to assess the efficacy of pre-training sports massage in enhancing warm-up protocols for kabaddi athletes, focusing on its influence on various physiological parameters, performance metrics, and psychological preparedness.
Materials and methods. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving a cohort of 20 elite kabaddi athletes (15 males and 5 females) aged between 18 and 30 years, hailing from professional teams in Medan City. The intervention spanned 8 weeks and consisted of a 15-minute pre-training sports massage regimen administered prior to standard warm-up sessions. Data were collected at baseline, after 4 weeks, and following 8 weeks of intervention, encompassing measurements of muscle temperature, range of motion, reaction time, performance indicators, and perceived readiness, utilizing standardized assessment instruments.
Results. The intervention yielded statistically significant enhancements across multiple evaluated parameters. Muscle temperature exhibited an average increase of 2.3°C, while range of motion demonstrated a 12.5% improvement in hip flexibility; additionally, performance metrics revealed a 22% augmentation in defensive maneuver efficiency. Reaction time was reduced by 0.3 seconds, and participants indicated a decrease in perceived exertion alongside an enhancement in psychological readiness. All observed improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and characterized by large effect sizes.
Conclusions. The implementation of pre-training sports massage emerges as a potentially beneficial intervention for the optimization of warm-up protocols among kabaddi athletes. The extensive advantages noted across physiological, biomechanical, and psychological realms imply that the incorporation of sports massage into pre-training routines may significantly bolster athletic preparedness and performance capacity, particularly in high-intensity contact sports such as kabaddi
Injury Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Female Kabaddi Athletes: Insights from Event PON XXI 2024 for Enhanced Prevention and Management
No full textThe purpose of the study. This research examines injury patterns, prevalence, and management in female Kabaddi athletes from North Sumatra during the PON XXI 2024 competition, addressing a gap in sports medicine regarding the physiological challenges faced by women in this contact sport. Kabaddi\u27s lack of research on female athletes contributes to a significant deficit in understanding its physiological impact on women.
Materials and methods. The study utilized a quantitative descriptive design with 22 female national Kabaddi athletes from North Sumatra, employing structured surveys, clinical assessments, and systematic injury documentation for comprehensive athlete health evaluation. The methodology comprised pre-competition medical screenings, post-competition injury documentation, and follow-up on recovery and rehabilitation, utilizing advanced statistical methods including descriptive analysis, frequency distributions, and correlation investigations, with significance testing established at p < 0.05.
Results. Findings indicated a 100% injury rate among participants, highlighting the extreme demands of competitive Kabaddi, with the most common injuries being muscular strains (36.4%), joint sprains (27.3%), contusions (18.2%), and other soft tissue injuries (18.2%). The severity profile revealed 45.5% of injuries were mild (Grade I), 36.4% moderate (Grade II), and 18.2% severe (Grade III), with significant correlations identified between training intensity and injury occurrence (p = 0.015), body composition and injury susceptibility (p = 0.025), and age and injury risk (p = 0.042). Injury distribution showed lower limb injuries at 54.5%, upper limb injuries at 27.3%, and trunk/core injuries at 18.2%, with primary injury mechanisms including direct contact trauma (45.5%), overextension (27.3%), rapid directional change (18.2%), and repetitive stress (9.1%). Rehabilitation outcomes indicated an 86.4% recovery success rate, although a 13.6% recurring injury rate emphasized the need for comprehensive athlete management strategies.
Conclusions. This research challenges prevailing norms in sports medicine by promoting gender-specific injury prevention, personalized management, and thorough monitoring. The study offers crucial insights into the injury patterns of female Kabaddi athletes and advocates for tailored approaches to athlete health and performance. By examining the complex interactions among physiological factors, training demands, and injury mechanisms, the research establishes a comprehensive framework for enhancing athlete care, preventive measures, and long-term sustainability in high-intensity sports
Effects of a 4-Week Plyometric Box Jump Training Program on 50m Breaststroke Performance in Competitive Swimmers
No full textThe purpose of the study. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of a four-week plyometric box jump training regimen on the performance of competitive swimmers in the 50m breaststroke event, with a particular focus on evaluating alterations in sprint duration, stroke mechanics, and power output.
Materials and methods. Ten competitive swimmers (ages 18-25) with minimum 3 years experience were randomly assigned to experimental (n=5) and control (n=5) groups. The experimental group completed a 4-week plyometric box jump training program (3 sessions/week) alongside regular swim training, while the control group maintained only regular swim training. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included 50m breaststroke time trials, stroke rate, stroke length, vertical jump height, and post-exercise blood lactate levels.
Results. The experimental group showed significant improvements in 50m breaststroke performance with an average time reduction of 4.967 seconds (p < 0.05). They demonstrated increased stroke rate without compromising stroke length, suggesting enhanced power efficiency. The experimental group (-5.758s) showed greater improvement compared to the control group (-3.980s). Statistical analysis confirmed significance with calculated t-value (2.625717) exceeding critical t-value (2.26216).
Conclusions. A 4-week plyometric box jump training program can significantly enhance 50m breaststroke performance in competitive swimmers through improved power generation and stroke mechanics. The program effectively develops explosive strength and neuromuscular coordination specific to breaststroke requirements without compromising technique
Selection and Success in Badminton: The Role of Lobs and Smashes in Junior Athletes\u27 Performance
No full textThe purpose of the study. This study examines the effectiveness and tactical implications of lob and smash strategies in competitive badminton among junior athletes.
Materials and methods. Through quantitative analysis of 32 junior players (16 males, 16 females, aged 14-18 years), we investigated shot frequency, success rates, and contextual factors influencing strategy selection.
Results. Results indicate that lobs constituted 18.3% (±3.2%) of total shots with a 62.1% (±5.7%) success rate, while smashes accounted for 12.7% (±2.8%) of shots with a 71.4% (±6.3%) success rate. Logistic regression analysis revealed that court position, rally length, and score difference significantly influenced shot selection (p < 0.001). Smashes were predominantly used from the forecourt (OR = 3.842, p < 0.001), while lobs were more frequent in longer rallies (OR = 1.180 per additional shot, p < 0.001). Gender differences were observed, with female players using lobs more frequently than males (19.5% ±3.0% vs. 17.1% ±3.4%, p = 0.037). Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between shot type and rally length on success rate (F(3, 124) = 7.936, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.161).
Conclusions. These findings provide insights into optimal shot selection and its impact on game outcomes among junior badminton players. The study contributes to the development of effective training programs and tactical approaches, emphasizing the importance of contextual factors in strategic decision-making. Future research directions include longitudinal studies of tactical development and investigation of these strategies in doubles play
Technological Innovations and Pedagogical Advancements in Basketball Skill Learning: A Systematic Review of High School Physical Education
No full textPurpose of The Study. This systematic review investigates technological and pedagogical innovations in high school basketball skill education. The study evaluates theoretical frameworks, identifies effective strategies for varied learners, establishes a skill acquisition framework, and offers practical insights for educators and curriculum designers.
Material and methods. The research employed a systematic review methodology adhering to the PRISMA framework. The study searched multiple academic databases, primarily SCOPUS, targeting English publications from 2015-2024. The search applied Boolean logic and controlled vocabulary to examine basketball skill learning, technological interventions, and educational methodologies. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles relevant to high school basketball skill development with technological or pedagogical innovations. The analysis concentrated on three analytical dimensions: technological interventions, pedagogical approaches, and performance metrics.
Results. The systematic review indicated notable advancements in basketball skill acquisition influenced by technological and pedagogical innovations. Intelligent sensor technologies offer high precision in movement evaluation, while cognitive science integration fosters novel skill development avenues. Artificial intelligence and machine learning demonstrate significant improvements in tactical skills, with enhancements ranging from 9.655 to 13.989 through generative AI instructional models. Motion analysis technologies are essential advancements, notably improving free throw accuracy by up to 13%. These findings signify a transformative evolution in basketball training, where advanced technologies and cognitive methodologies are fundamentally reshaping athletes\u27 skill acquisition processes, exceeding traditional training paradigms.
Conclusions. The landscape of basketball skill learning is undergoing a profound transformation driven by technological innovation and advanced pedagogical approaches. The emerging paradigm suggests a move towards more personalized, technology-enhanced, and cognitively informed training strategies. While promising, significant research gaps remain, particularly in developing comprehensive, integrated approaches to basketball skill learning. The study emphasizes the need for robust longitudinal designs to definitively demonstrate the long-term efficacy of innovative teaching methods
Effects of an 8-Week Plyometric Depth Jump Training Program on Badminton Smash Accuracy and Lower Body Power in Amateur Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textPurpose of The Study. To investigate the effects of an 8-week plyometric depth jump training program on badminton smash accuracy in amateur athletes and examine the relationship between lower body power development and overhead striking precision.
Material and methods. Twenty-four amateur badminton athletes (14 males, 10 females; age: 19-25 years) were randomly assigned to experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed progressive plyometric depth jump training three times per week in addition to regular badminton practice, while the control group maintained only regular practice. Platform heights progressed from 40-55 cm over 8 weeks. Smash accuracy, vertical jump performance, ground contact time, and movement efficiency were assessed pre- and post-intervention.
Results. The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in smash accuracy (29.6%, p < 0.001, d = 2.21), vertical jump height (13.2%, p < 0.001, d = 1.78), and ground contact time (15.7% reduction, p < 0.001). Strong correlations were observed between vertical jump improvements and accuracy enhancements (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). The control group showed minimal changes (4.4% improvement in accuracy, p = 0.089). No significant gender differences were found in adaptation rates (p = 0.085).
Conclusions. An 8-week plyometric depth jump training program significantly improves badminton smash accuracy in amateur athletes, suggesting that enhanced lower body power development directly contributes to improved striking precision. The findings support integrating structured plyometric training into regular badminton practice for technical skill enhancement
Influence of Different Strength Training Protocol on Breaststroke Performance in Competitive Swimmers
No full textThe purpose of the study. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different strength training protocols on breaststroke performance in competitive swimmers, focusing on physiological adaptations, biomechanical efficiency, and performance outcomes.
Materials and methods. A 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 48 competitive breaststroke swimmers (26 male, 22 female, aged 18–25 years). Participants were assigned to three groups: traditional endurance training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and an integrated approach combining HIIT with technical refinement. Training intensity, volume, and technical components were systematically varied and monitored. Performance metrics, physiological adaptations, and biomechanical parameters were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models and Cohen’s d to determine effect sizes.
Results. The integrated training group demonstrated the most significant improvements across all metrics. Performance times decreased by 2.3% (50m), 2.7% (100m), and 3.1% (200m) compared to smaller gains in the traditional and HIIT-only groups. Biomechanical efficiency improvements included increased stroke length (10.2%) and reduced drag coefficient (12.4%). Physiological enhancements, such as a 12.3% increase in lactate threshold speed and 8.5% improvement in VO₂max, were also observed.
Conclusions. An integrated approach combining HIIT with technical skill development yields superior outcomes in breaststroke performance compared to traditional or HIIT-only protocols. This holistic training method optimizes both physiological and biomechanical adaptations, offering a robust framework for enhancing competitive breaststroke swimming