Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering (BCSEE)
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Abstract P318: Blood Pressure And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among US Adults, 1999-2019
No full textIntroduction:
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is recognized as the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low BP values are also markers of concurrent CVD. Our objective was to determine the association between systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) with CVD mortality, comparing different BP ranges in a contemporaneous population.
Methods:
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a nationally representative survey of the US population. Our sample included data from 53,561 adult participants of the 1999-2018 cycles, with measured BP and mortality data available through 2019 linked from the National Death Index. BP was measured three times with a standardized sphygmomanometer and averaged. CVD mortality was defined through ICD-10 codes as diseases of the heart or cerebrovascular disease. We used age adjusted Poisson regression models to estimate incidence densities ratios (IDRs) for CVD mortality. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design.
Results:
The population was comprised of 51% women with a mean age of 46 years. After an average follow-up of 9.9 years, 7,825 (10.5%) died of any cause and 2,451 (3.1%) died of CVD. Compared with SBP 110 - < 120mmHg, CVD mortality did not differ at SBP 100-<100mmHg or 120-<130 mmHg, but was significantly higher by: 56% with SBP <100mmHg (IDR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.10), 21% with SBP 130 – < 140mmHg (IDR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.42), 36% with SBP 140 – < 160mmHg (IDR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.64), and 77% with SBP ≥160mmHg (IDR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.14). Compared with DBP 70 - < 80mmHg, CVD mortality was significantly higher by 64% with DBP < 50mmHg (IDR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.94), 46% with DBP 50 - < 60mmHg (IDR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.670), 24% with DBP 60 – < 70 mmHg (IDR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.41), 36% with DBP 80 – < 90mmHg (IDR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.61), 54% with DBP 90 – < 100mmHg (IDR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.97), and 182% with DBP ≥100mmHg (IDR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.90, 4.19).
Conclusion:
Among US adults, we found a J shaped association between both SBP and DBP with CVD mortality. Lowest risk of CVD mortality was found at SBP 110 - < 120mmHg, with higher risk at levels below 100mmHg or at or above 130mmHg. For DBP, lowest risk of CVD mortality was found at DBP 70 - < 80mmHg, with higher risk at levels below 70mmHg or at or above 80mmHg
Predictors of advanced chronic kidney disease in infancy after definitive vesicoamniotic shunting for congenital lower urinary tract obstruction
No full textBackgroundSevere congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (cLUTO) is associated with poor postnatal outcomes, including chronic and end stage kidney disease, and high mortality. Studies of the impact of fetal intervention through vesicoamniotic shunting are marred by a device malfunction rate of up to 60%. In this study, we delineate the postnatal course and infant kidney function following definitive urinary diversion in utero. Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective, single-center cohort study of 16 male infants who survived the fetal intervention to birth, from 2010 to 2014 at a single center. All had patent shunts in place at birth. Perinatal and biochemical characteristics were collected with patients followed for one year, or until demise, with serial measures of serum creatinine (SCr) and serum cystatin C (CysC). ResultsOf the 16 males, 81% were non-white (38% black, 43% Hispanic). Shunts were placed at a median of 20 weeks (IQR 19,23) gestation, with median fetal bladder volume of 39 cm(3) (IQR 9.9,65). All neonates were born preterm [median 34 weeks (IQR 31,35)] and the majority with low birth weight [median 2340 grams (1,895, 2,600)]. 63% required positive pressure ventilation. Advanced chronic kidney disease stage 4-5 at 1 year of age was predicted by neonatal characteristics: peak SCr >= 2 mg/dl, time to peak SCr > 6 days, discharge SCr >= 1.0 mg/dl, CysC >= 2.5 mg/l, urine protein:creatinine >= 4.8 mg/mg, urine microalbumin:creatinine >= 2.2 mg/mg. In infancy, a nadir SCr >= 0.5 mg/dl occurring before 160 days (5.3 months) of age was also predictive of advanced chronic kidney disease stage 4-5 at 1 year. Three patients died in the neonatal period, with 1 receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Three additional patients required KRT before 12 months of age. ConclusionsEven with definitive vesicoamniotic shunting for cLUTO, postnatal morbidity and mortality remain high, emphasizing the role of renal dysplasia, in spite of urinary diversion, in postnatal kidney dysfunction. Neonatal and infant biochemical parameters exhibit distinct trends that offer families and physicians a better understanding of the prognosis of childhood kidney function
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in stem cell therapy
No full textBurn wounds are a major source of morbidity and mortality in both the military and civilian settings. Research about the pathophysiology of thermal injury has revealed possible interventions that can aid this process to reduce scarring and wound contracture. Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) have been an exciting topic in research for many years. They have been shown to facilitate wound healing and tissue regeneration, two areas that are vital in the healing process, especially in burn wounds. More recently the discovery of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has allowed us to further characterize the immunomodulatory roles and understand the cellular pathways implicated in wound healing. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of EVs in wound healing, and to propose that EVs are the main mechanism that deliver cellular materials to target cells to coordinate wound healing following tissue injury.</p
Abstract 2471: Targeted dendrimer nanocarrier delivery of bioluminescent proteins for pancreatic cancer detection
No full textAbstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has a very low survival rate. This cancer often does not show symptoms until more advanced stages, leading to late-stage diagnosis in up to 80% of cases. Molecular tools for accurate identification of the cancer cells can lead to a timely diagnosis. Currently, blood antigen testing with CA 19-9 and tumor imaging using ultrasound, CT, and MRI are the standards for identification. However, these methods are limited in their ability to discern key attributes such as tumor localization, grading, and metastasis. To overcome this, we can utilize selective recognition of PDAC markers to deliver a bioluminescent protein for targeted imaging. We applied dendrimers as a nanocarrier that can hold both the PDAC-targeting protein and the bioluminescent protein for enhancement of blood-circulation and tumor-retention time, thereby producing a stronger, longer lasting luminescent signal. This cell-specific recognition assembly can locate both localized and metastatic PDAC cells, enabling an accurate diagnosis, localization of tumor margin, and identification of metastases using bioluminescence-based imaging. The targeted construct was formed by fusing an EGFR-specific affibody to Gaussia luciferase, a bioluminescent protein, and binding that to a G5 polyamidoamine dendrimer nanocarrier. Western Blotting and confocal microscopy using PANC 10.05 cells confirmed the expression of EGFR and enhanced uptake of the targeted construct in vitro. For in vivo studies, female NSG mice were used as a xenograft model with PANC 10.05 cells with either subcutaneous, renal capsule, or orthotopic tumors. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with dendrimer-fusion protein constructs and imaged using IVIS. Controls included non-targeted bioluminescent proteins and non-tumor-bearing mice. The presence of EGFR on the tumors of implanted mice was confirmed using Western blotting and histological staining. We showed that the EGFR-targeted construct was capable of facilitating selective uptake into the tumors in all three mouse models, demonstrating that the cell-specific construct could localize to the PDAC cells and emit bioluminescence when imaged with IVIS. Accuracy of the tumor localization was also confirmed with ultrasound. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability of the construct to locate metastases using both live-animal imaging and ex vivo organ analysis. These bioluminescent nanocarriers are capable of PDAC cell-specific recognition and can be used to locate and image PDAC cells. This methodology can then be applied to mice without confirmed tumors to demonstrate the ability to achieve timely diagnosis for early detection of PDAC. Ultimately, this construct can aid in the identification and localization of PDAC. Citation Format: Jessica Hersh, Yu-Ping Yang, Evan Roberts, Daniel Bilbao, Wensi Tao, Sylvia Daunert, Sapna Deo. Targeted dendrimer nanocarrier delivery of bioluminescent proteins for pancreatic cancer detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2471
Are We Right on Target? Is Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Ready for Prime Time in Resource-Constrained Settings?
No full textOnsite Versus Virtual Fitness Impacts on Physical and Cardiovascular Health in Overweight/Obese Women
No full textUpdated Perspectives on the Management of Drug-Induced Parkinsonism (DIP): Insights from the Clinic
No full textParkinsonism refers to the clinical combination of bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability. Parkinsonism is often neurodegenerative, but it can be secondary or iatrogenic, as in drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP), which is the topic of this review. We review the pathophysiology of DIP, differentiate DIP and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), list culprit medications in the development of DIP, discuss the diagnosis of DIP as well as the motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms that can help with differentiation of DIP and PD, and detail the management of DIP
Organizational Practice and Neighborhood Context of Racial Inequality in Police Use-of-Force
No full textAbstract
Recent highly-publicized cases of police violence have raised broader discussions around understanding use-of-force as institutional racism. We explore how variation in police practices, including discretionary stops and targeting outdoor spaces, along with racialized understandings of crime and space, help explain use-of-force in neighborhoods. Using stop-and-frisk data from the New York City Police Department (NYPD) in Census tracts (N = 12675) between 2006 and 2012, we conduct a spatial analysis and estimate multilevel negative binomial regression models. We find relationships between use-of-force incidents and police organizational practices, where police use force more often in neighborhoods where they employ greater discretionary stops, and in neighborhoods where police conduct proportionally more indoor stops. Our findings also point to understanding stop-and-frisk as a spatial strategy concentrated largely in neighborhoods of color, where police use force more often in Black and Latinx neighborhoods above and beyond the racial disproportionately of individuals stopped. Police also use force more often in neighborhoods where they perceive more crime, even after accounting for the observed crime rate. We suggest that use-of-force by the NYPD is systematically produced through organizational practices paired with shared racialized understandings of crime and space that vary across neighborhoods
ASSESSMENT OF CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS AND SERUM AMYLOID A QUANTITATION IN CLINICALLY NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SOUTHERN WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM SIMUM) AND SOUTHERN BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS MINOR).
No full textCapillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and an immunoassay for serum amyloid A (SAA) were used to examine serum samples from clinically normal and abnormal southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) under managed care. CZE resolved seven fractions as well as subfractions for α1 globulins. Reference intervals were calculated for white rhinoceros (n = 33) and found to have some differences over previously reported intervals generated using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) methods in sera from free-ranging animals. In addition, the coefficient of variation related to fraction quantitation was found to be overlapping or superior to that reported for AGE. No significant differences were observed in CZE measurands and total protein between clinically normal and abnormal rhinoceros. In contrast to CZE, significant differences in SAA levels (P < 0.001) were observed in samples from the white rhinoceros between clinically normal and abnormal animals. In addition, in limited sample sets with repeated measures, SAA provided prognostic value. Future studies should generate more robust reference intervals and delineate the application of both SAA quantitation and CZE in routine health assessments and in prognostication
A sutureless valve with sutures
No full textThe use of sutureless valves in infective endocarditis has been previously reported. Singh et al. have reported a single-center successful surgical treated pulmonary endocarditis in two cases with a sutureless bioprosthesis