Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering (BCSEE)
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Interpreting the Relationship Among Itch, Sleep, and Work Productivity in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of JADE MONO-2
No full textBACKGROUNDAbrocitinib, an oral, once-daily Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, improved itch severity, sleep, and work productivity versus placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate relationships among itch, sleep, and work productivity in the phase III JADE MONO-2 clinical trial. METHODSA repeated-measures longitudinal model was used to examine relationships between itch (using the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [PP-NRS] or Nighttime Itch Scale [NTIS]) and sleep disturbance/loss (using the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure sleep item and SCORing AD Sleep Loss Visual Analog Scale) and, separately, between itch and work productivity (using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Atopic Dermatitis Version 2.0 questionnaire). Mediation modelling was used to investigate the effect of treatment (abrocitinib vs placebo) on work impairment via improvements in itch and sleep. RESULTSThe relationships between itch/sleep and itch/work productivity were approximately linear. PP-NRS scores of 0, 4-6, and 10 were associated with 0 days, 3-4 days, and 7 days per week of disturbed sleep, respectively. PP-NRS or NTIS scores of 0-1, 4-5, and 10 were associated with 0-10%, 20-30%, and >50% overall work impairment, respectively. Seventy-five percent of the effect of abrocitinib on reducing work impairment was indirectly mediated by improvement in itch, followed by sleep. CONCLUSIONThese results quantitatively demonstrate that reducing itch severity is associated with improvements in sleep and work productivity. Empirical evidence for the mechanism of action of abrocitinib showed that itch severity is improved, which reduces sleep loss/sleep disruption and, in turn, improves work productivity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT03575871
The Downside of Displaying Agentic Values: Evidence from Shareholder Activism
No full textActivist shareholders face a challenging task in preemptively identifying executives who they perceive might destroy shareholder value-before harm is done. We develop a framework where activist shareholders resolve this problem by forming attributions about executives' intentions based on their displays of agentic values, which reflect independence and control. For activist shareholders, a strong display of independence can evoke concerns that an executive will act without the regulation of shareholder input, and a strong display of control can create concerns an executive will engineer governance provisions to their own benefit. As such, we hypothesize that above-average agentic value displays by CEOs increase the likelihood firms are targeted by shareholder activists. Extending our theory, we argue the positive effect that agentic value displays have on attracting shareholder activism is stronger when CEOs permit higher spending on corporate and stakeholder investment, both of which can exacerbate shareholder harm when executed poorly. We also posit that activism campaigns driven by CEOs' agentic value displays will largely come from activist shareholders seeking to exert their own control over agentic-speaking CEOs. Using data on shareholder activism campaigns at US-based companies from 2003-2018, we find support for our hypotheses. We discuss multiple theoretical implications for research on corporate governance, stakeholder management, and investor relations
Primer on Female Infertility for the Reproductive Urologist
No full textThis review is intended to serve as an aid in decision-making and patient counseling for the reproductive urologist when female factor infertility is found concurrently with male factor infertility. This review pairs the pathophysiology of female infertility with its implications for the treatment of male infertility, which most commonly includes ovulatory disorders, tubal abnormalities, and uterine abnormalities. By gaining a deeper understanding of these factors, reproductive urologists can employ a tailored approach to managing male factor infertility, taking into account the female partner's specific medical history
Ethical concerns surrounding artificial intelligence in anatomy education: Should AI human body simulations replace donors in the dissection room?
No full textAbstract The potential effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on the teaching of anatomy are unclear. We explore the hypothetical situation of human body donors being replaced by AI human body simulations and reflect on two separate ethical concerns: first, whether it is permissible to replace donors with AI human body simulations in the dissection room when the consequences of doing so are unclear, and second, the overarching ethical significance of AI use in anatomy education. To do this, we highlight the key benefits of student exposure to the dissection room and body donors, including nontechnical, discipline‐independent skills, awareness and interaction with applied bioethics, and professional identity formation. We suggest that the uniqueness of the dissection room experience and the importance of the key benefits accompanying this exposure outweigh the potential and so far unknown benefits of AI technology in this space. Further, the lack of engagement with bioethical principles that are intimately intertwined with the dissection room experience may have repercussions for future healthcare professional development. We argue that interaction with body donors must be protected and maintained and not replaced with AI human body donor simulations. Any move away from this foundation of anatomy education requires scrutiny. In light of the possible adoption of AI technologies into anatomy teaching, it is necessary that medical educators reflect on the dictum that the practice of healthcare, and anatomy, is a uniquely human endeavor
MENTAL HEALTH OF MEDICAL WORKERS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textBackground. Medical workers at hospitals who were directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of Covid-19 infected patients were at high risk of developing mental distress and other psychological health symptoms. The daily number of increased confirmed and suspected cases, stressful workload, lack of personal protection equipment and specific drugs, and adequate support led to the mental crisis of these healthcare workers. Aim. To promote and maintain the mental health of medical workers, we aimed to evaluate the psychological symptoms of healthcare workers during the Covid-19pandemic. The research method. To analyze and evaluate the mental health of healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MEDLINE Complete, and Cochrane Library databases were used for the period of 2020 to 2023. Studies conducted on healthcare workers working during the COVID-19 pandemic, including physicians, paramedics, nurses, and other medical workers; cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies published in the English language were included for this study. Key terms used for this review include “healthcare workers” or “health care provider” or “medical workers” or “front line workers” or “professionals” or “nurses” or “doctor” and “mental health” or “mental disorder” or “mental illness” or “mental health status” or “psychiatric illness” and “Covid-19” or “coronavirus disease 2019” or “SARS-CoV-2” or “coronavirus disease”. Exclusion criteria: studies conducted with healthcare professionals outside of COVID-19, evidence-based medicine articles with clear conclusions, articles published in other languages. As a result 25 articles were selected for this review. Conclusions. Covid-19 had a negative impact on the mental status of healthcare workers, especially frontline ones. Many studies showed that healthcare workers experienced symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic and a lack of psychological services. Further strategies should address special interventions for screening and promoting the mental health of medical workers exposed to Covid-19.
Актуальность. Медицинские работники больниц, которые непосредственно участвовали в диагностике, лечении и уходе за пациентами, инфицированными Covid-19, подвергались высокому риску развития психического расстройства и других симптомов ментального здоровья. Ежедневное увеличение числа подтвержденных и подозреваемых случаев, напряженная рабочая нагрузка, отсутствие средств индивидуальной защиты и специфических лекарств, а также адекватной поддержки — все это приводит ментальному кризису медицинских работников. Цель: Провести анализ источников по вопросу оценки ментального здоровья медицинских работников для укрепления и поддержания ментального здоровья медицинских работников во время пандемии Covid-19. Стратегия поиска. Для поиска информации по анализу и оценке ментального здоровья медицинских работников во время пандемии Covid-19 были использованы базы данных PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MEDLINE Complete и Cochrane Library за период с 2020 по 2023 год. Критерии включения в обзор: исследования, проведенные с участием медицинских работников, работавших во время пандемии COVID-19, включая врачей, фельдшеров, медсестер и других медицинских работников; перекрестные, когортные и исследования “случай-контроль”, опубликованные на английском языкe. Ключевые термины: “медицинские работники” или “медицинские работники передовой линии”, или “профессионалы”, или “медсестры”, или “врач”, и “психическое здоровье”, или “психическое расстройство”, или “ ментальное здоровье”, или “состояние психического здоровья” или “психическое заболевание” и “Covid-19”, или “коронавирусная болезнь 2019”, или “SARS-CoV-2”, или “коронавирусная болезнь”. Критерии исключения:исследования, проведенные с участием медицинских работников, не во время COVID-19, статьи, выдержанные в рамках доказательной медицины, с четкими выводами, статьи, опубликованные на других языках. В результате, для этого обзора было отобрано 25 статей. Выводы. Covid-19 оказал негативное влияние на ментальное здоровье медицинских работников, в частности кто работал напрямую с пациентами с подтвержденным диагнозом Covid-19. Многие исследования показали, что медицинские работники испытывали симптомы тревоги, депрессии, бессонницы, а также отсутствие психологических консультации во время пандемии Covid-19. Дальнейшие стратегии должны предусматривать специальные мероприятия по скринингу и укреплению психологического здоровья медицинских работников, подвергающихся воздействию Covid-19.
Өзектілігі. Covid-19 жұқтырған науқастарды диагностикалауға, емдеуге және күтуге тікелей қатысқан медицина қызметкерлерінде психиканың бұзылысы және психологиялық денсаулықтың басқа белгілерінің даму қаупі жоғары. Расталған және күдікті Covid-19 науқастарының күнделікті санының көбеюі, ауыр жұмыс жүктемесі, жеке қорғаныс құралдары мен арнайы дәрі - дәрмектердің болмауы, сондай-ақ тиісті қолдаудың болмауы медицина қызметкерлерінің психикалық дағдарысына әкелді. Мақсаты. Медицина қызметкерлерінің психикалық денсаулығын нығайту және қолдау үшін біз Covid-19 пандемиясы кезінде медицина қызметкерлерінің психологиялық белгілерін бағалауға тырыстық. Іздеу стратегиясы. Covid-19 пандемиясы кезіндегі медицина қызметкерлерінің психикалық денсаулығын талдау және бағалау үшін 2020-2023 жылдар аралығында PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MEDLINE Complete және Cochrane Library дерекқорлары пайдаланылды. Шолуға енгізу критерийлері: Covid-19 пандемиясы кезінде жұмыс жасаған дәрігерлер, фельдшерлер, медбикелер және басқа да медицина қызметкерлеріне жүргізілген зерттеулер; ағылшын тілінде жарияланған кросс-секционды, когорт және oқиға-бақылау зерттеулері. Бұл шолуда қолданылған негізгі терминдерге "денсаулық сақтау мамандары" немесе "алдыңғы қатардағы медицина қызметкерлері" немесе "медбикелер" немесе "дәрігер" және "психикалық денсаулық" немесе "психикалық бұзылыс" немесе "ментальды денсаулық" немесе "психикалық денсаулық жағдайы" немесе "психикалық ауру" және "Covid-19" немесе "коронавирус ауруы 2019" немесе "SARS-CoV-2" немесе "коронавирус ауруы". Алып тастау критерийлері: COVID-19 кезінде емес, медицина қызметкерлерінің қатысуымен жүргізілген зерттеулер, дәлелді медицина аясында жасалған, нақты тұжырымдары бар мақалалар, басқа тілдерде жарияланған мақалалар. Нәтижесінде, осы шолу үшін 25 мақаланы. Қорытынды. Covid-19 медицина қызметкерлерінің психикалық жағдайына, әсіресе науқастармен тікелей жұмыс жасаған дәрігерлерге қатты әсер етті. Зерттеулердің көп бөлігі медицина мамандарының Covid-19 пандемиясы кезінде мазасыздық, депрессия және ұйқысыздық белгілерін және психологиялық көмектің жоқтығын көрсетті. Келешектегі стратегиялар Covid-19 пандемиясы кезінде жұмыс жасаған медицина қызметкерлерінің психикалық денсаулығын скринингтеу және нығайту бойынша арнайы іс-шараларды көздеуі тиіс.
Наука и здравоохранение, Выпуск 2 (25) 2023, Pages 23-2
Detecting Wandering Intermediate-Mass Black Holes with AXIS in the Milky Way and Local Massive Galaxies
No full textThis white paper explores the detectability of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) wandering in the Milky Way (MW) and massive local galaxies, with a particular emphasis on the role of AXIS. IMBHs, ranging within , are commonly found at the centers of dwarf galaxies and may exist, yet undiscovered, in the MW. By using model spectra for advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs), we calculated the expected fluxes emitted by a population of wandering IMBHs with a mass of in various MW environments and extrapolated our results to massive local galaxies. Around of the potential population of wandering IMBHs in the MW can be detected in an AXIS deep field. We proposed criteria to aid in selecting IMBH candidates using already available optical surveys. We also showed that IMBHs wandering in galaxies within Mpc can be easily detected with AXIS when passing within dense galactic environments (e.g., molecular clouds and cold neutral medium). In summary, we highlighted the potential X-ray detectability of wandering IMBHs in local galaxies and provided insights for guiding future surveys. Detecting wandering IMBHs is crucial for understanding their demographics, evolution, and the merging history of galaxies
ADENOVIRUS VIREMIA WITH STATUS ASTHMATICUS RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT ADOLESCENT MALE TREATED WITH CIDOFOVIR
No full text337.4: Islet-alone vs. islet-after-kidney transplantation glycemic outcomes: Report from the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry
No full textImmune Markers Are Associated With Asymptomatic Intracranial Large Artery Stenosis and Future Vascular Events in NOMAS
No full textBackground: Inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis but is incompletely characterized in intracranial large artery stenosis (ICAS). We hypothesized that immune markers would be associated with ICAS and modify the risk ICAS confers on future vascular events. Methods: This study included a subsample of stroke-free participants in the prospective NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study), who had blood samples analyzed with a 60-plex immunoassay (collected from 1993 to 2001) and ICAS assessment with time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (obtained from 2003 to 2008). We dichotomized ICAS as either ≥50% stenosis or not (including no ICAS). We ascertained post–magnetic resonance imaging vascular events. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator procedures to select immune markers independently associated with ICAS. Then, we grouped selected immune markers into a derived composite Z score. Using proportional odds regression, we quantified the association of the composite immune marker Z score, ICAS, and risk of vascular events. Results: Among 1211 participants (mean age, 71±9 years; 59% women; 65% Hispanic participants), 8% had ≥50% ICAS. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, we identified CXCL9 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), resistin, SCF (stem cell factor), and VEGF-A(vascular endothelial growth factor A) to have the strongest positive relationships with ≥50% ICAS in fully adjusted models. Selected markers were used to derive a composite immune marker Z score. Over an average follow-up of 12 years, we found that each unit increase in immune marker Z scores was associated with an 8% (95% CI, 1.05–1.11), 11% (95% CI, 1.06–1.16), and 5% (95% CI, 1.01–1.09) increased hazard of death, vascular death, and any vascular event, respectively, in adjusted models. We did not find a significant interaction between immune marker Z scores and ICAS in their relationship with any longitudinal outcome. Conclusions: Among a diverse stroke-free population, selected serum immune markers were associated with ICAS and future vascular events. Further study is needed to better understand their role in the pathogenesis of ICAS and as a potential therapeutic target in stroke prevention