Revista Facultad de Jurisprudencia
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Um mundo multicultural - um fato inevitável. A busca pela unidade na diversidade
No full textThis article is a literary compilation, with a brief contribution from the author, who identifies as a Third Culture Kid (TCK). This contribution deals with the statement that a multicultural world (MW) is inevitable as the result of globalization and of the natural evolution of human culture. The issue human coexistence , in which differences are appreciated, is the purpose of this assembling. A cultural paradigm shift, encompassed by the transformative approach of cultural classification, is intended to shed light on a vision of embracing diversity and differences as a fundamental principle to attain unity in diversity, therefore moving towards a valuable, globally-minded multicultural world society.
KEYWORDS: Third Culture Kids, Cultural Iceberg, Transformative Approach, Positive Differences, multicultural globalization.
JEL CODE: C32, F23RESUMENEste artículo es una compilación literaria con una breve contribución de la autora, quien se identifica como Persona de Tercera Cultura (TCK). Esta contribución plantea la afirmación de que un mundo multicultural (MW), al constituir el resultado de la globalización y de la evolución natural de la cultura humana, es inevitable. El propósito de esta compilación es la apreciación de la diferencia dentro de la coexistencia de los seres humanos. Se tiene la intención de iluminar la visión de acoger diversidad y diferencias como principios fundamentales para alcanzar la unidad en diversidad. Por lo tanto, un cambio de paradigma cultural abarcado por la estrategia transformativa de clasificación cultural se encamina hacia una sociedad mundial multicultural de mente globalizada y valorable.
ABSTRACTThis article is a literary compilation, with a brief contribution from the author, who identifies as a Third Culture Kid (TCK). This contribution deals with the statement that a multicultural world (MW) is inevitable as the result of globalization and of the natural evolution of human culture. The issue human coexistence , in which differences are appreciated, is the purpose of this assembling. A cultural paradigm shift, encompassed by the transformative approach of cultural classification, is intended to shed light on a vision of embracing diversity and differences as a fundamental principle to attain unity in diversity, therefore moving towards a valuable, globally-minded multicultural world society.
KEYWORDS: Third Culture Kids, Cultural Iceberg, Transformative Approach, Positive Differences, multicultural globalization.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: C32, F2
A Escolha Pública e o Consenso de Washington: O Caso da Constituição Peruana
No full textIn this article, the author analyses if the Peruvian constitution is, as it’s commonly referred, the most neoliberal constitution of the Latin American region. For that, he studies the influence of the Washington Consensus in the reform of the Peruvian constitution of 1993. He also studies other factors in that reform, in particular what he calls the ‘other Consensus’, which pursuits other –most social– objectives. After that, he identifies how the reform was implemented, with special emphasis in the influence of the Constitutional Court in Peru. At last, and using the theory of public choice, he analyses three cases that let him conclude that the Peruvian constitution does not respond to a particular ideology but rather to mixed values that can be used by interest groups in an opportunistic manner.
KEYWORDS: Public Choice, Washington Consensus, Peruvian Constitutionalism, insentive, law and economics.
JEL CODE: M13, D71RESUMENEn este artículo, el autor analiza si la constitución peruana es, como comúnmente se la conoce, la constitución más neoliberal de la región de América Latina. Para eso, estudia la influencia del Consenso de Washington en la reforma de la constitución peruana de 1993. También estudia otros factores en esa reforma, en particular lo que él llama el "otro consenso", que persigue otros objetivos, la mayoría de los sociales. Después de eso, identifica cómo se implementó la reforma, con especial énfasis en la influencia de la Corte Constitucional en Perú. Finalmente, y utilizando la teoría de la opción pública, analiza tres casos que le permiten concluir que la constitución peruana no responde a una ideología particular, sino a valores mixtos que pueden ser utilizados por los grupos de interés de manera oportunista.
ABSTRACTIn this article, the author analyses if the Peruvian constitution is, as it’s commonly referred, the most neoliberal constitution of the Latin American region. For that, he studies the influence of the Washington Consensus in the reform of the Peruvian constitution of 1993. He also studies other factors in that reform, in particular what he calls the ‘other Consensus’, which pursuits other –most social– objectives. After that, he identifies how the reform was implemented, with special emphasis in the influence of the Constitutional Court in Peru. At last, and using the theory of public choice, he analyses three cases that let him conclude that the Peruvian constitution does not respond to a particular ideology but rather to mixed values that can be used by interest groups in an opportunistic manner.
KEYWORDS: Public Choice, Washington Consensus, Peruvian Constitutionalism, insentive, law and economics.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: M13, D7
A argumentação jurídica e sua utilidade contra a prática do direito
No full textThe practice of law consists basically in argumentation, that is why it is important to say how their functionaries get on with logic argumentation, through reason and other sciences which complete these fundamental exercise, they get better their performance as legislator, judge and lawyer. Is education from undergraduate, the starting point to learn legal argumentation? If it is true, it will be possible to sketch practical and theoretical solutions for every lack in education, directing legal instruction to get successful Ecuadorian lawyers and the fair and real application of legal rules.
KEYWORDS: legal argumentation, legal logic, interdisciplinarity of law, function of law, law officials.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D23, K11RESUMENLa práctica del Derecho consiste esencialmente en la argumentación, por ello es importante anunciar como sus operadores se desenvuelven en el ámbito de la lógica argumentativa, con la cual, por medio de la razón y en conjunto con otras ciencias, que complementan este ejercicio tan trascendental, mejorarán su desempeño como legisladores, jueces y abogados. ¿Es la educación, desde el pregrado, el punto inicial para aprender argumentación jurídica? De serlo, será posible esbozar soluciones práctico-teóricas a las falencias educativas, encaminar la educación legal hacia la consecución del éxito de los futuros abogados del Ecuador y a la real y justa aplicación de la norma-tiva jurídica.
ABSTRACTThe practice of law consists basically in argumentation, that is why it is important to say how their functionaries get on with logic argumentation, through reason and other sciences which complete these fundamental exercise, they get better their performance as legislator, judge and lawyer. Is education from undergraduate, the starting point to learn legal argumentation? If it is true, it will be possible to sketch practical and theoretical solutions for every lack in education, directing legal instruction to get successful Ecuadorian lawyers and the fair and real application of legal rules.
KEYWORDS: legal argumentation, legal logic, interdisciplinarity of law, function of law, law officials.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D23, K1
Metodologia de abrilorismo e dedução lógica
No full textThe methodology used by the judges in the resolution of cases constitutes a subject of relevant discussion among jurists interested in judicial matters. From this, this document collects contributions from the majority doctrine in order to differentiate the logical methods that legal agents apply in a judicial decision of a case. Based on these doctrinal approaches to judicial decisions, a question arises: Why is it considered that judges should apply the rules in a praxeolo-gical manner? Why is Economy in Law included? ¿How does the judge implement his legal reasoning in judicial decisions? Response that is complemented with the legal reasoning and the logical methodology used by legal agents, where the subjective and objective influences that affect these judicial proceedings are considered.
KEYWORDS: logical methodology, judicial agents, judicial decision, reasoning, praxeology.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: O34, R10RESUMENLa metodología empleada por los jueces en la resolución de casos constituye un tema de discusión relevante entre juristas interesados en la materia judicial. A partir de esto, este documento recopila aportes de la doctrina mayoritaria en aras de diferenciar los métodos lógicos que los agentes jurídicos aplican en una decisión judicial de un caso. En base a estos enfoques doctrinarios sobre las decisiones judiciales, nace una interrogante: ¿Por qué se considera que los jueces deben aplicar de manera praxeológico las normas?; ¿Para qué se incluye la Economía en el Derecho? Y; ¿Cómo el juez implementa su razonamiento jurídico en las resoluciones judiciales? Respuesta que se complementa con el razonamiento jurídico y la metodología lógica empleada por los agentes jurídicos, donde se considera las influencias subjetivas y objetivas que inciden en estos procedimientos judiciales.
ABSTRACTThe methodology used by the judges in the resolution of cases constitutes a subject of relevant discussion among jurists interested in judicial matters. From this, this document collects contributions from the majority doctrine in order to differentiate the logical methods that legal agents apply in a judicial decision of a case. Based on these doctrinal approaches to judicial decisions, a question arises: Why is it considered that judges should apply the rules in a praxeolo-gical manner? Why is Economy in Law included? ¿How does the judge implement his legal reasoning in judicial decisions? Response that is complemented with the legal reasoning and the logical methodology used by legal agents, where the subjective and objective influences that affect these judicial proceedings are considered.
KEYWORDS: logical methodology, judicial agents, judicial decision, reasoning, praxeology.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: O34, R1
Constituição dos Estados Unidos: mutação do texto constitucional
No full textThe article briefly explains the theory of a constitutional mutation, and the difference between it and a constitutional reform or a constitutional amendment. The article discusses the influence of the mutation of the Constitution of the United States among Law around the world. At the same time, the article provides an opinion about the influence of the mutation of the Constitution of the United States upon legal systems all worldwide.
KEYWORDS: Constitutional mutation, Constitution, Supreme Court of the United States, Hermeneutics, Amendment.
JEL CODE: D63, O51RESUMENEl artículo explica brevemente la teoría de la mutación constitucional y su diferencia con una reforma o una enmienda a una constitución. Al partir de esto, el artículo hace un estudio breve sobre mutaciones de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos y su influencia en la forma en la que el Derecho es entendido en este país, así como también la influencia de una mutación en sistemas jurídicos alrededor del mundo.
ABSTRACTThe article briefly explains the theory of a constitutional mutation, and the difference between it and a constitutional reform or a constitutional amendment. The article discusses the influence of the mutation of the Constitution of the United States among Law around the world. At the same time, the article provides an opinion about the influence of the mutation of the Constitution of the United States upon legal systems all worldwide.
KEYWORDS: Constitutional mutation, Constitution, Supreme Court of the United States, Hermeneutics, Amendment.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D63, O5
Carta Magna: Uma Provocação para Considerar a Relação entre Constituição e Constitucionalismo
No full textThis work is based on the critical analysis of the impact the Magna Carta had as a historical precedent for constitutionalism, and the structure and redaction of constitutions worldwide. First of all, there is the development of a brief review of the history and the reality of the symbolism of this document, which was written on 1215 in England. Furthermore, the analysis will be focused on the clauses of this manuscript, which remains inside the juridical culture used in the constitutional ambit, and the value of the interpretation of many nations of this instrument in order to organize the constitutional normative; within which we can mention: the rule of law, the common law and those which had a Romanic-Germanic-continental inherence, of which, Ecuador can be related to the latter classification. Finally, there is an important distinction between constitutionalism and the Constitution itself, the relevance of the relationship between normative and the construction of socio-cultural principles that support and bring efficacy to the supreme norm.
KEYWORDS: Magna Carta, constitutionalism, rights and powerxs, socio-political dimension, principals.
JEL CODE: Y80, A14RESUMENA lo largo de este trabajo se busca analizar críticamente el impacto que tuvo la Carta Magna como precedente histórico para el constitucionalismo y la estructura y redacción de constituciones a nivel mundial. En primer lugar, se desarrolla una breve revisión a la historia y el real simbolismo que tiene dicho documento redactado en 1215 en Inglaterra. Posteriormente, se revisan las cláusulas de este manuscrito que permanecen dentro de la cultura jurídica utilizada en el ámbito constitucional y el valor de la interpretación de las diversas naciones de este instrumento para la organización de su normativa constitucional, dentro de las cuales se mencionan al: rule of law, common law, y aquellas de corte romano-germánico-continental, dentro de las cuales, el Ecuador se contempla en la última clasificación. Finalmente, se hace la clave distinción entre el constitucionalismo y la Constitución, la relevancia de la relación entre norma y construcción de principios socio-culturales que sustentan y brindan la eficacia a la llamada norma suprema.
ABSTRACTThis work is based on the critical analysis of the impact the Magna Carta had as a historical precedent for constitutionalism, and the structure and redaction of constitutions worldwide. First of all, there is the development of a brief review of the history and the reality of the symbolism of this document, which was written on 1215 in England. Furthermore, the analysis will be focused on the clauses of this manuscript, which remains inside the juridical culture used in the constitutional ambit, and the value of the interpretation of many nations of this instrument in order to organize the constitutional normative; within which we can mention: the rule of law, the common law and those which had a Romanic-Germanic-continental inherence, of which, Ecuador can be related to the latter classification. Finally, there is an important distinction between constitutionalism and the Constitution itself, the relevance of the relationship between normative and the construction of socio-cultural principles that support and bring efficacy to the supreme norm.
KEYWORDS: Magna Carta, constitutionalism, rights and powerxs, socio-political dimension, principals.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Y80, A1
Reformas do Estado Democrático: Subsidiariedade e Visão do Governo Limitado
No full textWhile its roots can be traced as far back as Aristotle’s political philosophy, Thomas Aquinas’s theological interpretation of Aristotle’s political philosophy proved to be the catalyst for the birth of the principle of subsidiarity, which would in time become a key aspect of Roman Catholic social thought. Despite similarities with Calvinist teaching and its well-known concept of “sphere sovereignty” as a principle of Catholic social thought, subsidiarity was first introduced in the encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891) and was enunciated in subsequent encyclicals such as Quadragesimo Anno (1931) and Mater et Magistra (1961).
KEYWORDS: Democratic, government, rights and political, social tought, principals.
JEL CODE: J11, R48RESUMENAunque sus raíces se remontan a la filosofía política de Aristóteles, la interpretación teológica de Tomás de Aquino de la filo-sofía política de Aristóteles resultó ser el catalizador para el nacimien-to del principio de subsidiariedad que con el tiempo, se convertiría en un aspecto clave del pensamiento social católico romano. A pesar de las similitudes con la enseñanza calvinista y su conocido concep-to de “soberanía de la esfera” como principio del pensamiento social católico, la subsidiariedad se introdujo por primera vez en la encíclica Rerum Novarum (1891) y se enunció en encíclicas posteriores como Quadragesimo Anno (1931) y Mater et Magistra (1961).
ABSTRACTWhile its roots can be traced as far back as Aristotle’s political philosophy, Thomas Aquinas’s theological interpretation of Aristotle’s political philosophy proved to be the catalyst for the birth of the principle of subsidiarity, which would in time become a key aspect of Roman Catholic social thought. Despite similarities with Calvinist teaching and its well-known concept of “sphere sovereignty” as a principle of Catholic social thought, subsidiarity was first introduced in the encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891) and was enunciated in subsequent encyclicals such as Quadragesimo Anno (1931) and Mater et Magistra (1961).
KEYWORDS: Democratic, government, rights and political, social tought, principals.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J11, R4
Análise Econômica da Política Penitenciária - Uma Proposta de Sistema Penitenciário Privado
No full textThis paper makes an economic legal analysis of the resources of the Prison Policy in Ecuador; they develop themes from the Ecuadorian penitentiary history and its institutional values, to the approach of privatization of the prison system to reduce maintenance costs of prisons. Common good policy to try to reduce maintenance costs of persons deprived of liberty, however, cost reduction invol-ves improving the quality of life of inmates; seeks the common good economic benefit and well-being of a whole society. Therefore, the prison policy in Ecuador must change its system in order to maximize benefits at lower costs.
KEYWORDS: prison policy, common benefit, prevention policy, opportunity cost, persons deprived of liberty
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: H76, L33RESUMENEl presente documento realiza un análisis jurídico económico de los recursos de la Política Penitenciaria en Ecuador; se desarrollan temáticas a partir de la historia penitenciaria ecuatoriana y sus valores institucionales, hasta el planteamiento de la privatización del sistema carcelario a fin de reducir los costos de mantenimiento de las cárceles. La política del bien común intentar reducir los costos de mantenimiento de las personas privadas de libertad, sin embargo, la disminución de costos implica mejorar la calidad de vida de los internos; el bien común busca el beneficio económico y el bienestar de toda una sociedad. Por tanto, la política penitenciaria en Ecuador debe cambiar su sistema a fin de maximizar los beneficios a costos menores.
ABSTRACTThis paper makes an economic legal analysis of the resources of the Prison Policy in Ecuador; they develop themes from the Ecuadorian penitentiary history and its institutional values, to the approach of privatization of the prison system to reduce maintenance costs of prisons. Common good policy to try to reduce maintenance costs of persons deprived of liberty, however, cost reduction invol-ves improving the quality of life of inmates; seeks the common good economic benefit and well-being of a whole society. Therefore, the prison policy in Ecuador must change its system in order to maximize benefits at lower costs.
KEYWORDS: prison policy, common benefit, prevention policy, opportunity cost, persons deprived of liberty
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: H76, L3
Política de extração de petróleo de acordo com o Estado de Direito e Justiça: uma visão crítica das políticas públicas no Equador
No full textThis work is based on a critical analysis of oil exploitation as public policy: firstly, the Constitutional and legal regulations that allow for oil exploitation activities to be carried out and the institutions that administrate these activities are examined; secondly, the characteristics of oil exploitation in regards to territorial appropriation, the linking of oil incomes with economic development, and the environmental impacts are analyzed. Under this framework, the expansion of oil extraction borders as part of Ecuadorian extractive oil policy is examined.. Lastly, in a rule of law and justice State that favors human and environmental rights, a need to rethink this public policy is seen, given the less than positive balance upon its implementation.
KEYWORDS: Extractivism, public policy, oil exploitation public policy, productive capacity, oil reserves
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: F18, H23RESUMENA lo largo de este trabajo se busca analizar críticamente al extractivismo petrolero dentro del marco de acción del Estado, en específico como política pública. En primer lugar se desarrolla el marco constitucional y legal que permite la realización de este tipo de actividades, y la institucionalidad que la administra y gestiona estas actividades. Posteriormente, se analiza las características del extractivismo respecto a la territorialización de los proyectos, la vinculación de las rentas extractivas al desarrollo económico del país, y los impactos ambientales que producen las actividades extractivas. Con este marco de análisis, se pudo observar cómo la política extractiva petrolera en el Ecuador ha sido a lo largo de los años una política de expansión de las fronteras de extracción de petróleo. Finalmente, dentro de un Estado de derechos y justicia que privilegia la realización de los derechos de las personas y la naturaleza, se pudo visibilizar la necesidad de un replanteamiento de esta política pública frente a un balance no muy positivo a la hora de su implementación.
ABSTRACTThis work is based on a critical analysis of oil exploitation as public policy: firstly, the Constitutional and legal regulations that allow for oil exploitation activities to be carried out and the institutions that administrate these activities are examined; secondly, the characteristics of oil exploitation in regards to territorial appropriation, the linking of oil incomes with economic development, and the environmental impacts are analyzed. Under this framework, the expansion of oil extraction borders as part of Ecuadorian extractive oil policy is examined.. Lastly, in a rule of law and justice State that favors human and environmental rights, a need to rethink this public policy is seen, given the less than positive balance upon its implementation.
KEYWORDS: Extractivism, public policy, oil exploitation public policy, productive capacity, oil reserves
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: F18, H2
Dimensões dos direitos humanos na mudança climática: sinergias e advertências
No full textClimate change poses serious threats to the enjoyment of human rights around the world, particularly for the most vulnerable members of society; hence, states have positive and negative duties when safeguarding substantive and procedural rights in this context. However, there are several legal challenges when human rights law is used to address the effects of climate change. Said challenges are mostly tangible, not only for climate change-related cases in domestic and regional human rights law situations, but also as regards climate change mitigation measures as a potential threat to human rights.
KEYWORDS: Climate Change, Human Rights, Environmental Law, regional regulation, regulation.
JEL CODE: Q54, J21RESUMENEl cambio climático enlaza serias amenazas al disfrute de los derechos humanos en todo el mundo, especialmente en los secto-res más vulnerables de la sociedad. Esto implica que los Estados tie-nen deberes positivos y negativos al proteger los derechos sustantivos y procesales en este contexto. Sin embargo, existen varios desafíos le-gales cuando se utilizan los derechos humanos para abordar los efec-tos del cambio climático. Dichos desafíos son en su mayoría palpables, no sólo en los casos nacionales y regionales de derechos humanos re-lacionados con el cambio climático, sino también en las medidas de mitigación del cambio climático como una amenaza latente para los derechos humanos.
ABSTRACTClimate change poses serious threats to the enjoyment of human rights around the world, particularly for the most vulnerable members of society; hence, states have positive and negative duties when safeguarding substantive and procedural rights in this context. However, there are several legal challenges when human rights law is used to address the effects of climate change. Said challenges are mostly tangible, not only for climate change-related cases in domestic and regional human rights law situations, but also as regards climate change mitigation measures as a potential threat to human rights.
KEYWORDS: Climate Change, Human Rights, Environmental Law, regional regulation, regulation.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Q54, J2