Revista Facultad de Jurisprudencia
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Atuação da Defesa Pública do Equador a partir do Modelo Principal-Agente
No full textIn this article an analysis of the performance of the public defense of Ecuador is carried out with the objective of identifying administrative factors that affect the efficiency of this institution to propose solutions that allow an improvement in its performance since in recent years there has been a lack of productivity In this body, which is pernicious to consider that the exercise of the rights of many people in the country depends on their actions. In this project, through the introduction of the principal-agent model, the importance of the costs of agency in the results of the work of the public defense, as manager, and the damages that the citizenship receives as principal is explained. Some incentives to combat the problem of agency in public institutions are analyzed and finally the conclusion is reached that the inefficient performance of public defense lies in a structural problem of the Ecuadorian public administration.
KEYWORDS: productivity, costs of agency, public defense, administrative litigation, incentive.
JEL CODE: L44, L51RESUMENEn este artículo se efectúa un análisis del desempeño de la defensoría pública del Ecuador con el objetivo de identificar factores administrativos que afectan la eficiencia de esta institución para proponer soluciones que permitan una mejora en su rendimiento ya que, en los últimos años, se ha evidenciado la falta de productividad en este organismo. Esto resulta pernicioso si se considera que de su actuación depende el ejercicio de los Derechos de muchas personas en el país. En este documento, a través de la introducción del modelo principal-agente se explica la trascendencia de los costos de agencia en los resultados de la labor de la defensoría pública, como gestor, y los perjuicios que recibe la ciudadanía como principal. Además, se analizan algunos incentivos para combatir el problema de agencia en instituciones públicas y finalmente, se llega a la conclusión que el desempeño ineficiente de la defensoría pública, radica en un problema estructural de la administración ecuatoriana.
ABSTRACTIn this article an analysis of the performance of the public defense of Ecuador is carried out with the objective of identifying administrative factors that affect the efficiency of this institution to propose solutions that allow an improvement in its performance since in recent years there has been a lack of productivity In this body, which is pernicious to consider that the exercise of the rights of many people in the country depends on their actions. In this project, through the introduction of the principal-agent model, the importance of the costs of agency in the results of the work of the public defense, as manager, and the damages that the citizenship receives as principal is explained. Some incentives to combat the problem of agency in public institutions are analyzed and finally the conclusion is reached that the inefficient performance of public defense lies in a structural problem of the Ecuadorian public administration.
KEYWORDS: productivity, costs of agency, public defense, administrative litigation, incentive.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: L44, L5
Teoria, lógica e interdisciplinaridade na argumentação jurídica
No full textThe theory of legal argumentation has been widely develo-ped by the legal doctrine which is why this article aims to summarise the main studies developed from a dogmatic perspective on juridical argumentation. Consequently, this study seeks to compare them and ve-rifying their practical utility at the moment of building legal arguments.
KEYWORDS: legal theory, legal argumentation, arguments, formal logic, doctrine.
JEL CODE: N01, Y80RESUMENLa teoría de la argumentación jurídica ha sido desarrollada ampliamente por la doctrina, en razón de lo cual, este artículo plantea un estudio recopilatorio de sus principales perspectivas dogmáticas, con la finalidad de contrastarlas y verificar su utilidad práctica al momento de construir argumentos jurídicos.
ABSTRACTThe theory of legal argumentation has been widely develo-ped by the legal doctrine which is why this article aims to summarise the main studies developed from a dogmatic perspective on juridical argumentation. Consequently, this study seeks to compare them and ve-rifying their practical utility at the moment of building legal arguments.
KEYWORDS: legal theory, legal argumentation, arguments, formal logic, doctrine.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: N01, Y8
Populismo criminoso e lei na mobilidade humana
No full textCriminalization of migration, comes from a process of securitization determinate as a matter of national defense, for the protection of national security and state institutions. Hence this article propounds a study that will develop the formation of an excluding discourse toward immigrants specifically in the case of Venezuelans migrants. So in this context this discourse state allows the categorization between citizens and enemies giving these last ones a different criminal treatment because of their supposed dangerousness to the law and order.
KEY WORDS: Criminalization of immigration, securitization, national security, in-migrants, enemies, law and order
JEL CODE: K14, J61RESUMENLa criminalización de la migración (crimigración) deviene de un proceso de securitización en el marco de una política pública basada en la defensa estatal, la seguridad nacional y la defensa de la institucionalidad gubernamental. En este artículo se plantea un estudio que muestra el discurso excluyente hacia los inmigrantes, específicamente en caso venezolano. Ese discurso, permite legitimar la categorización entre ciudadanos y enemigos dándoles a estos últimos un tratamiento punitivo diferente en razón de su supuesta peligrosidad hacia el contrato social y el orden público.
ABSTRACTCriminalization of migration, comes from a process of securitization determinate as a matter of national defense, for the protection of national security and state institutions. Hence this article propounds a study that will develop the formation of an excluding discourse toward immigrants specifically in the case of Venezuelans migrants. So in this context this discourse state allows the categorization between citizens and enemies giving these last ones a different criminal treatment because of their supposed dangerousness to the law and order.
KEY WORDS: Criminalization of immigration, securitization, national security, in-migrants, enemies, law and order
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K14, J6
A prova de posse e / ou licença de construção justifica a posse e, portanto, não se torna precária?
No full textThe present article analyzes if some documents, such as a proof of possession, or a construction license would justify the possession of a property and therefore if it is in accordance with the jurisprudential doctrine and the precarious occupation, established in the IV Plenary Civil Casatorio, whose application is of obligatory fulfillment on the part of the jurisdictional organs, or on the contrary, a separation of jurisprudential doctrine is being made and if this is fully justified and motivated.
KEYWORDS: precarious possession, precarious occupation cases, IV Civil Casatorio Plenary, restitution, demand.
JEL CODE: J13, F51RESUMENEl presente artículo analiza si algunos documentos, como una constancia de posesión, o una licencia de construcción justificarían la posesión de un inmueble y por ende si ello es conforme a la doctrina jurisprudencial y a los supuestos de ocupación precaria, establecidos en el IV Pleno Casatorio Civil, cuya aplicación es de obligatorio cumplimiento por parte de los órganos jurisdiccionales, o por el contrario, se está realizando un apartamiento de doctrina jurisprudencial y si esta se encuentra plenamente justificada y motivada.
ABSTRACTThe present article analyzes if some documents, such as a proof of possession, or a construction license would justify the possession of a property and therefore if it is in accordance with the jurisprudential doctrine and the precarious occupation, established in the IV Plenary Civil Casatorio, whose application is of obligatory fulfillment on the part of the jurisdictional organs, or on the contrary, a separation of jurisprudential doctrine is being made and if this is fully justified and motivated.
KEYWORDS: precarious possession, precarious occupation cases, IV Civil Casatorio Plenary, restitution, demand.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J13, F5
Ecuador: Fortalecimento Institucional e Negociações Eficazes na Arena Internacional
No full textThe country's economic policies in commercial matters, according to experts and a part of society, are visualized within the international community with a certain level of distrust and insecurity, due to their normative and organizational changes; this criterion contrasts with the confidence in the Government's firm intention to boost the internal economy through an endogenous model, which also positions a nation with sovereign decisions. In this context arises the importance of institutions that, according to North (1990), constitute the key factor in the country's development. The fissures created in the country's image by this polarity of perception can be effectively overcome by highlighting the institutional value and credibility, which are harmonized with communicative actions as a reference point in effective negotiations within the international framework.
KEY WORDS: institutions, agreements, communication, media, cultural beliefs.
JEL CODE: F13, F51
RESUMENLas políticas económicas tomadas por el país en materia comercial, a sentir de expertos y una parte de la sociedad, lo visualizan en la comunidad internacional con cierto nivel de desconfianza e inseguridad, por sus cambios normativos y de criterio que contrastan con la confianza en el propósito firme del Gobierno de impulsar la economía interna a través de un modelo endógeno, que posiciona también a una nación con decisiones soberanas. En este contexto surge la importancia de las instituciones que, a criterio de North (1990), constituyen el factor clave en el desarrollo del país. Las fisuras que esta polaridad de percepción genera en la imagen país, pueden superarse de manera efectiva resaltando el valor y credibilidad institucional que armonizados con acciones comunicacionales redunden como referente en efectivas negociaciones en el marco internacional.
ABSTRACTThe country's economic policies in commercial matters, according to experts and a part of society, are visualized within the international community with a certain level of distrust and insecurity, due to their normative and organizational changes; this criterion contrasts with the confidence in the Government's firm intention to boost the internal economy through an endogenous model, which also positions a nation with sovereign decisions. In this context arises the importance of institutions that, according to North (1990), constitute the key factor in the country's development. The fissures created in the country's image by this polarity of perception can be effectively overcome by highlighting the institutional value and credibility, which are harmonized with communicative actions as a reference point in effective negotiations within the international framework.
KEY WORDS: institutions, agreements, communication, media, cultural beliefs.
JEL CODE /CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: F13, F5
Tarefas Pendentes: Deveres Humanos
No full textThis essay will try to make an approximation to the human duties from the difficulty in its conceptualization, then it will be necessary to make a historical look in which will analyze the changes in paradigm of the law and the different international documents on the subject; This route will allow us in turn the possibility of determining certain causes that have led to their invisibility, to finally propose a concept and characteristics of human duties.
KEY WORDS: human duties, human rights, reason, contractualism, positive law.
JEL CODE: J24, J41RESUMENEste ensayo intentará realizar una aproximación a los deberes humanos a partir de la dificultad en su conceptualización, luego será necesario realizar una mirada histórica en la que se analizarán los cambios en el paradigma del Derecho y los diferentes documentos internacionales sobre la materia; este recorrido nos permitirá a su vez la posibilidad de determinar ciertas causas que han llevado a su invisibilidad, para finalmente proponer un concepto y características de los deberes humanos.
ABSTRACTThis essay will try to make an approximation to the human duties from the difficulty in its conceptualization, then it will be necessary to make a historical look in which will analyze the changes in paradigm of the law and the different international documents on the subject; This route will allow us in turn the possibility of determining certain causes that have led to their invisibility, to finally propose a concept and characteristics of human duties.
KEY WORDS: human duties, human rights, reason, contractualism, positive law.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J24, J4
A organização esportiva e sua administração da justiça em conflitos trabalhistas: caso equatoriano
No full textThis document describes the application of justice in football and methods of dispute resolution: ordinary labor justice and the arbitration courts of sport. With this analysis, we seek to determine the legitimacy that sports justice has and the legal relationships that appear in this activity that translates into state responsibility, which generates uncertainty of competent instance for the resolution of conflicts of labor nature between the soccer player (employee) and the club (employer), all this, when we had identified where the recognition and the legitimacy to know these disputes of the Courts of Sports Arbitration lies, in coexistence with the jurisdiction exercised by the ordinary labor justice.
KEY WORDS: soccer, sport, arbitration, jurisdiction, controversies.
JEL CODE: L83, D63RESUMENEl presente documento aborda la aplicación de la justicia en el fútbol a partir de la descripción de los niveles de organización deportiva y el reconocimiento que estos hacen a los métodos de solución de controversias: la justicia ordinaria laboral y los tribunales arbitrales del deporte. Con este análisis, se busca determinar la legitimidad que tiene la justicia deportiva a partir de normas de naturaleza privada para una actividad institucionalizada que genera interés público y las relaciones jurídicas que aparecen en esta actividad que se traduce en responsabilidad estatal, por lo que genera incertidumbre de las instancias competentes para conocer los conflictos de naturaleza laboral entre el jugador de fútbol (trabajador) y el club (empleador), todo esto al identificar en donde radica el reconocimiento y legitimidad para conocer estas controversias de los Tribunales de Arbitraje Deportivo, en coexistencia con la jurisdicción que ejerce el poder judicial del Estado.
ABSTRACTThis document describes the application of justice in football and methods of dispute resolution: ordinary labor justice and the arbitration courts of sport. With this analysis, we seek to determine the legitimacy that sports justice has and the legal relationships that appear in this activity that translates into state responsibility, which generates uncertainty of competent instance for the resolution of conflicts of labor nature between the soccer player (employee) and the club (employer), all this, when we had identified where the recognition and the legitimacy to know these disputes of the Courts of Sports Arbitration lies, in coexistence with the jurisdiction exercised by the ordinary labor justice.
KEY WORDS: soccer, sport, arbitration, jurisdiction, controversies.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: L83, D6
Justiça livre, entre o antigo regime e o sistema constitucional liberal
No full textReview of Bádenas Zamora, Antonio, Los litigantes miserables ante la Justicia de Fernando VII, Editorial Dykinson, Madrid, 2018, 145 pp. ISBN 978-84-9148-797-5
JEL CODE: D63, E42Recensión de Bádenas Zamora, Antonio, Los litigantes miserables ante la Justicia de Fernando VII, Editorial Dykinson, Madrid, 2018, 145 pp. ISBN 978-84-9148-797-5
Review of Bádenas Zamora, Antonio, Los litigantes miserables ante la Justicia de Fernando VII, Editorial Dykinson, Madrid, 2018, 145 pp. ISBN 978-84-9148-797-5
KEY WORDS: powerty, poor man’s lawyers, free justice, public defender, court costs, case of Court, right to justice
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D63, E4
O Sistema Internacional de Direitos Humanos e o Assunto da Lei
No full textThe legalization of global affairs has been considered positive, in contrast to the conditions preceding the Second World War. No longer could individual interests be imposed against the common interest, no longer was there coercion and repression, no longer was decision making dominated by power politics. It would be expected that the recognition of a Human Rights legal system would serve as a guarantee for the fulfillment of the rights within States. The main objective of this legal system in its generality, which is to improve the well-being of the population, has not been reached in its entirety, nor has it reached all countries and all people as it is posed. Hence, this article examines two factors that could confirm this assertion. The first is the system's possible ambiguity through the weakness of the instruments and their institutions. The second is the concept of legitimacy associated with lawfare, which would allow the use of International Human Rights Law as a power strategy. In this order of ideas, this article is organized as follows: first, we carry out a categorical division that begins with a general review of the international human rights system and the relationships of transnational actors, and we then present various examples of the primary instruments and their associated institutions. The second category discusses the concept of legitimacy associated with the idea of lawfare, in light of International Law and the main theories of International Cooperation. Based on these theoretical ideas, we conducted an analysis of the cases of torture in the United States since the year 2000. Finally, we present various conclusions and recommendations regarding the system's structure and application in the international context.
KEY WORDS: Human Rights, international cooperation, torture, political power, norm.
JEL CODE: K14, J41RESUMENLa legalización de los asuntos globales se ha considerado positiva, en contraste con las condiciones que precedieron a la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ya no se podían imponer los intereses individuales contra el interés común, ya no existía la coacción y la represión, la toma de decisiones ya no estaba dominada por la política de poder. Se esperaría que el reconocimiento de un ordenamiento jurídico de Derechos Humanos sirviera de garantía para el cumplimiento de los derechos dentro de los Estados. El principal objetivo de este ordenamiento jurídico en su generalidad, que es mejorar el bienestar de la población, no se ha alcanzado en su totalidad, ni ha llegado a todos los países y a todas las personas como se plantea. Por lo tanto, este artículo examina dos factores que podrían confirmar esta afirmación. El primero es la posible ambigüedad del sistema por la debilidad de los instrumentos y sus instituciones. El segundo es el concepto de legitimidad asociado con el lawfare, que permitiría el uso del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos como estrategia de poder. En este orden de ideas, este artículo está organizado de la siguiente manera: primero, realizamos una división categórica que comienza con una revisión general del sistema internacional de derechos humanos y las relaciones de los actores transnacionales, y luego presentamos varios ejemplos de los instrumentos primarios y sus instituciones asociadas. La segunda categoría discute el concepto de legitimidad asociado a la idea de lawfare, a la luz del Derecho Internacional y las principales teorías de la Cooperación Internacional. Con base en estas ideas teóricas, realizamos un análisis de los casos de tortura en Estados Unidos desde el año 2000. Finalmente, presentamos diversas conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre la estructura y aplicación del sistema en el contexto internacional.
ABSTRACTThe legalization of global affairs has been considered positive, in contrast to the conditions preceding the Second World War. No longer could individual interests be imposed against the common interest, no longer was there coercion and repression, no longer was decision making dominated by power politics. It would be expected that the recognition of a Human Rights legal system would serve as a guarantee for the fulfillment of the rights within States. The main objective of this legal system in its generality, which is to improve the well-being of the population, has not been reached in its entirety, nor has it reached all countries and all people as it is posed. Hence, this article examines two factors that could confirm this assertion. The first is the system's possible ambiguity through the weakness of the instruments and their institutions. The second is the concept of legitimacy associated with lawfare, which would allow the use of International Human Rights Law as a power strategy. In this order of ideas, this article is organized as follows: first, we carry out a categorical division that begins with a general review of the international human rights system and the relationships of transnational actors, and we then present various examples of the primary instruments and their associated institutions. The second category discusses the concept of legitimacy associated with the idea of lawfare, in light of International Law and the main theories of International Cooperation. Based on these theoretical ideas, we conducted an analysis of the cases of torture in the United States since the year 2000. Finally, we present various conclusions and recommendations regarding the system's structure and application in the international context.
KEY WORDS: Human Rights, international cooperation, torture, political power, norm.
JEL CODE /CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K14, J4
A Influência da Interdisciplinaridade no Raciocínio Jurídico de Juízes e Advogados
No full textThis paper discuss education as the basis for the development of society. In this regard, it examines the need to change the traditional teaching of Law (positivist approach) which is focused on conflict scenarios. With this target is proposed to deep in the interdisciplinary study of Law for achieving a real change.
KEYWORDS: Law, legal education, interdisciplinarity, right of concepts, globalization.
JEL CODE: N01, Y80RESUMENEl documento considera a la educación como la base del desarrollo de la sociedad. En ese sentido, discute la necesidad de cambiar la enseñanza tradicional de la disciplina jurídica (basada en un enfoque positivista) enfocada en escenarios de conflicto. Con este objetivo se propone profundizar en el estudio interdisciplinar del Derecho con el objetivo de alcanzar un cambio de rumbo.
ABSTRACTThis paper discuss education as the basis for the development of society. In this regard, it examines the need to change the traditional teaching of Law (positivist approach) which is focused on conflict scenarios. With this target is proposed to deep in the interdisciplinary study of Law for achieving a real change.
KEYWORDS: Law, legal education, interdisciplinarity, right of concepts, globalization.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: N01, Y8