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Sensory evaluation of complementary food based on cooking banana (musa spp.)and African yam bean (sphenostylis stenrcarpa)
No full textThis study evaluated the sensory qualities of infant complementary food based on cooking banana (CB) (Musa sapientum) and African yam bean (AYB) (Sphenostylis stenocarpa). These raw materials were purchased from Nkwoegwu local market in Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State. The legumes were picked and washed, boiled for 25 minutes and dehulled while cooking banana was washed, peeled, washed with warm water and sliced to 2mm thickness. The samples were separated, dried, milled and sifted into fine flour with muslin cloth. The flour was blended to composites in various proportions (80:20 (CAA), 60:40 (CAB)and 40:60 (CAC). Porridges were produced based on the composites. The organoleptic attributes of this food was assessed using 20 mothers, from a mother and child health clinic of Umuahia North Local Government, Abia State. The sensory assessment showed that the formulated porridges had moderate acceptability. This could be because the judges were not familiar with these porridges. The result was compared with “Nutrend” (a complementary food in the market produced by Nestlé Foods Nigeria) and pap (maize traditional complementary food).
Evaluation of the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection in three aromatic plants
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of secondary metabolites in Petroselinum crispum, Salvia officinalis and Dysphania ambrosioides. Three treatments were established: Control (C), commercial inoculum (CI) and native inoculum (NI). Every 15 days height, stem diameter and number of leaves were measured. The percentage of colonization was assessed by staining of roots, and identification of flavonoids through TLC thin layer chromatography, finally the concentration of total phenols was evaluated by spectrophotometry from the ethanol extracts of each plant. The results of development of biomass and the percentage of colonization show statistically significant difference for the three variables evaluated (P≤0.05) from each culture in the treatment of NI with respect to control, showing a greater effect on plants of S. officinalis (51% and 91%, respectively). Chromatography reveals the presence of flavonoids in the three plants; however this is more intense for the treatment of NI, showing increased production of total phenols in S. officinalis. Finally, the chemical characterization of the substrate shows a higher assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus (0.11% and 0.35 mg / kg respectively) in S. officinalis associated with a native inoculum (NI).
Role of transportation and marketing in enhancing agricultural production in Ikwo local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria.
Get PDFRole of transport and marketing in enhancing agricultural production in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was studied. A multi stage sampling procedure was used to select 300 respondents for the detailed study. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using of chi-square. The results show that head carrying, use of wheel barrows, bicycles, motor van, keke, donkeys, and motor cycles were various traditional modes of transportation for inter local transport of agricultural products. Furthermore, the result reveals that producers, retailers, consumers, wholesalers and processors were the marketing channels in the study area. Additionally, transportation and marketing have greatly enhanced the growth of agricultural production in the study area , despite existing problems such as bad roads, high cost of transport, few vehicles, poor drainage channels, culverts, few bridges and poverty. Also, the solutions to the identified problems were giving out loans to farmers, construction and repairs of roads, use of rail, mass transit, encouraging farmers’ cooperative societies and processing centres. However, If these solutions to the problems could be entrenched into policy framework at the three tiers of the governments, high returns in agriculture will ensue. This will boost the contributions of agricultural sector to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP),which could translate to better standard of living.Keywords: Role, Transportation, Marketing, Enhancing, Agricultural productio
Growth performance, carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of broiler finisher fed graded levels of ginger root meal (grm) basal diets.
Get PDFAn experiment to compare the effect of varying inclusion levels of ginger root meal (zingiber officianale)on growth performance, carcass and organoleptic qualities of finishing broiler chicken was conducted in the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Animal Science Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. 150 ANAK 2000 day old chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with diet 1 being the control (0%) and diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contain the inclusion levels of ginger root meal at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% respectively. In a complete randomized design (CRD),50 birds were assigned to each treatments with 10 birds per replicate. Performance parameters, carcass characteristics and organoleptic qualities were assessed. Result on the performance characteristics revealed that average final weight, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher in control similar to those on 1.5%GRM. Carcass characteristic study revealed that live weight, slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated weights and dressing percentages were significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed the control similar to those on 1.5%GRM. Weight of shanks, breast muscles, neck and back were significantly influenced (P<0.05) with highest values recorded among birds fed 1.5%GRM. For organoleptic quality, appearance, flavour, juiciness, overall acceptance and calculated overall acceptance were all significantly (P<0.05) affected. It is therefore concluded that the dietary inclusion of ginger root meal in broiler diets at 1.5% inclusion levels had positive effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics of the birds and organoleptic quality of the chicken meat
Redes de políticas públicas de familia: Una propuesta analítica desde Pierre Bourdieu
Get PDFThe comparison between the traditional analysis of public policy networks (PPN) and elements of the theoretical-methodological framework that Pierre Bourdieu developed for the study of social fields, allows the formulation of a proposal for analysis that complements approaches usually used to study networks. The proposal for analysis is based on a case study of the work undertaken by the Presidential Advisory Commission on Women, Work and Motherhood, created by Chilean president Sebastián Piñera in 2010.While PPN traditional analysis emphasizes the interaction generated between different actors (agreements, cooperation, solidarity) and resources circulating between them (knowledge, information, money), Bourdieu’s theoretical proposal focuses its analysis on the permanent, invisible and underlying structures of these networks. In order for this structure to emerge, the study of the distribution of the different forms of capital of the agents involved in a network and who configure a field that is reproduced or restructured by social practices generated by the habitus becomes necessary.By using the theoretical notions of field, agent, capital and habitus as well as the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), in order to lay bare underlying social structures, this article seeks to contribute to a greater and better understanding of public policy networks as a new form of coordination between the state and civil society and overcome deficiencies in the traditional analysis of PPN.La comparación entre el análisis tradicional de redes de políticas públicas (RPP) con algunos de los elementos del entramado teórico-metodológico que Pierre Bourdieu desarrolló para el estudio de los campos sociales, permitió formular una propuesta de análisis complementaria al enfoque con el cual se estudia habitualmente este tipo de redes. Se desarrolla dicha propuesta de análisis tomando como caso de estudio el trabajo que durante el año 2010 realizó la Comisión Asesora Presidencial “Mujer,Trabajo y Maternidad”,constituida en Chile por el Presidente Sebastián Piñera mediante decreto.Mientras el análisis tradicional de RPP pone el acento en la interacción generada entre los distintos actores (acuerdos, cooperación, solidaridad) y los recursos que circulan en ella (conocimiento, información, dinero), la propuesta teórica de Pierre Bourdieu centra su análisis en la estructura que subyace a la interacción, y que opera de una manera permanente e invisible. Para que esta estructura emerja, se hace necesario el estudio de la distribución de las distintas formas de capital que poseen los agentes que participan en una red y que configuran un campo que es reproducido o reestructurado por las prácticas sociales que genera el habitus.La perspectiva de análisis que proporcionan las nociones teóricas de campo, agente, capital y habitus, sumado a la capacidad del Análisis de Correspon129dencias Múltiples (ACM) para hacer emerger la estructura social que subyace a la interacción, busca contribuir a una mayor y mejor comprensión de las RPP como nueva forma de coordinación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil, y a la superación de las deficiencias del análisis tradicional de RPP
Assessment of Decline in Melon Yield and its Contribution to Young Farmers’ Diversification into Watermelon Farming in Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDFMelon is a popular economic cucurbit in Southwest, Nigeria. In recent time, many young farmers are shifting from melon to watermelon farming due to poor yield and low monetary returns. Hence, this study was carried out to assess decline in melon yield and its contribution to young farmers’ diversification into watermelon farming in Oyo state, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 75 respondents from five villages in Ibarapa block of the Oyo State Agricultural Development Project (ADP). Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results show that majority of the respondents (77.3%) were between 31-40 years of age and 46.70% had secondary school education. Most of the respondents (80%) cultivated more than 3 ha of land for watermelon. Majority of the respondents (74.7%) intercropped melon with other crops while watermelon was cultivated as a sole crop. None of the respondents either grew improved melon seeds (certified seeds) or applied fertilizers but all respondents cultivated treated watermelon seeds, applied fertilizers and agro-chemicals. The average yields of melon fell from 376.53kg/ha in 2009 to 280.70kg/ha in 2011. However, the respondents were shifting into watermelon production because of available quality seeds and its early maturity, easy harvest and high sales. There was a significant relationship between melon output and young farmers’ diversification to watermelon in the study area at p < 0.05. The study concluded that decline in the melon yield discouraged youth to continue melon farming in the study area. It is hereby recommended that certified melon seeds should be made available while extension service providers should provide training support for the young farmers in order to reposition and boost melon production in the study area
Um novo olhar sobre o lugar: o uso do sensoriamento remoto como subsidio no ensino da geografia na zona rural de Chapada, Serrinha/Ba
Get PDFDiante da conjuntura atual, em uma época de grandes transformações, onde as informações possuem um alto grau de poder, circulação e difusão os jovens se sentem atraídos e inseridos nessa nova era tecnológica, nesse mundo comunicacional, onde as ferramentas do Sensoriamento remoto estão constantemente inseridas, sendo assim, buscou-se verificar se a escola faz uso dessas ferramentas na aulas de geografia, contextualizando seus produtos com a realidade discente. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho versa sobre a importância de utilizar o Sensoriamento Remoto em ambiente escolar, possibilitando ao aluno observar, analisar e compreender as transformações ocorridas no espaço geográfico que compõe o seu cotidiano. O objetivo principal foi apresentar recursos didáticos que podem contribuir no ensino de Geografia a partir de técnicas do sensoriamento remoto na Escola Antonio Alves da Silva, situada na zona rural do povoado de Chapada, municipio de Serrinha/BA. O caminho metodológico adotado nesse estudo foi a aplicação de uma oficina na turma de 5º ano do Fundamental I, em que inicialmente foi feita uma avaliação diagnóstica no intuito de perceber se os alunos já possuiam conhecimento do assunto, posteriormente foi realizada uma contextualização teórica, abordando conceitos principais do tema supracitado e suas aplicações, bem como a exposição de imagens de satélites referentes a quatro comunidades rurais diferentes, lugares estes, de residência dos discentes. A construção de um painel temático em sala, foi o resultado obtido a apartir da oficina, no qual os alunos identificaram elementos de ordem natural e antrópica nas imagens da sua comunidade de origem, criando uma legenda para sinalizar os diferentes espaços e objetos da superficie. Assim sendo, constatou-se que esse foi o primeiro contato dos alunos com a temática, porém mesmo iniciantes conseguiram identificar e compreender as informações presentes em cada etapa do trabalho ao discutir com demais colegas o que foi apreendido na atividade, fazendo do sensoriamento remoto um tema relevante e de grande potencial no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes no espaço escolar. Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento Remoto. Geografia. Lugar. Espaço georáfico
Bee honey color variation throughout the year in Hejotitán, Jalisco, México.
Get PDFBee honey is a highly valued food whose international marketing is controlled by quality standards that are based on its physicochemical properties. One of them is color, which does not reflect a high or low quality, but rather the preferences of certain consumer markets. Color in honey is mostly determined by its floral sources that constantly change throughout the year. This study was intended to record color variations of the honey collected by Apis mellifera. For this purpose, honey was sampled from three selected hives, in an apiary in the town of Huejotitan, state of Jalisco, in western Mexico, on a monthly basis for a year. Color was measured according to the Pfund scale. Humidity was also measured since fermentation due to excessive moisture could spoil the samples. Two additional samples were collected, as well, from the bulk of honey at the time of the harvests, directly from the extractor: one from the spring harvest in May 2012, and the other from the fall harvest in December 2012. A total of 23 samples were obtained from December 2011 to December 2012. Color ranged from 0 mm Pfund (water white) to 85 mm Pfund (light amber) and humidity from 17% to 24%. It was discovered that the samples collected during the peak of the nectar flow, October - November, were contrastingly whiter than the rest. Although requiring more work, since consumers prefer clearer honeys, it is concluded that honey harvested at intervals during the high flow in the hives, with careful consideration of the moisture and making sure to keep honeys from different hives, apiaries and producers separate, a wider variety of honeys would be obtained, with different shades of color and different properties, better targeting the more specialized and demanding markets of today
Feeding ecology of primates in Pandam wildlife park, Plateau State, Nigeria
Get PDFPrimates are ecologically flexible and generalist feeders yet selective in choice of diet. Insufficient information on the plants consumed by primates hinders appropriate and deliberate conservation measures. I therefore seek to identify the plants species, dominant part consumed in Pandam Wildlife Park (PWLP). Direct observation method was adopted along 2km line transect to record food plants species and part consumed by primates for a period of 6 months. Proximate composition of food plants were determined using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at (p<0.01). Feeding sites were identified along riparian strata, savanna woodland and the swampy strata and four primates species belonging to one family (Cercopithecidae) were encountered, which include Cercopithecus mona, Erythrocebus patas, Papio anubis and, Chlorocebus tantalus, all primates were observed to feed in group. Seventeen food plants beonging to 14 families, one grass species (Andropogon gayanus), four invertebrates (Lumbrucis terrestris, Eurymerodesmus spp and Chinocectes opilio) and two crop plants (Zea mays and Sorghum vulgare) were identified. Plant parts consumed by primates include fruit, (75%) and leaves (25%). Among the food plant species, the highest crude proteins (11.86±0.07a), fats/oil (13.57±0.06a), ash (10.67±0.03a), moisture (13.63±0.07a), and crude fiber (27.85±0.48a) where obtained in Piliostigma thonningii, Rafia sundanica, Piliostigma thonningii, Stryhtinos spinose, and Tamarindus indica. Primates in the study area fed on variety of food items, predominantly on fruits irrespective of the season. Their frugivorous tendency has far ranching ecological implication with attendant effect on seed dispersal, seed treatment, seed predation, food predation, food competition, food provision, food scarcity among other sympatric animals that have fruits constituting a portion of their diet.Key words: Feeding, behavior, primates, ecolog
Sociedad civil en América Latina: Una conversación con el Dr. Alberto J. Olvera.
Get PDFThe following is an interview with Professor Alberto J. Olvera, an outstanding researcher who works on processes of democratic construction in Mexico and in Latin America, held at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Chile . In this conversation, we tried to deepen into the notion of civil society and its current understandings.The understanding of civil society in post-authoritarian contexts has led to rethinking the notion based on the experiences and the transformations of the social groups that compose it. This concept has gained an important place in political theory and in Latin America it served to account for the organization and resistance of society during military dictatorships.In this interview we review the evolution of this analytical category and its utility to interpret civil society in the current democratic regimesSe presenta a continuación una entrevista al Profesor Alberto J. Olvera, destacado investigador de los procesos de construcción democrática en México y en Latinoamérica, realizada en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile[1]. En esta conversación se intentó profundizar en torno a la noción de sociedad civil y sus comprensiones actuales.El entendimiento de la sociedad civil en los contextos postautoritarios ha llevado a replantear la noción en base a las mismas transformaciones de las agrupaciones sociales que la componen. Este concepto ha adquirido un lugar en la teoría política y en Latino América sirvió para dar cuenta de la organización social durante las dictaduras militares. Revisamos en esta entrevista la evolución de esta categoría analítica y su funcionamiento para interpretar la sociedad civil en los actuales regímenes democráticos.[1] Esta entrevista se desarrolló en el marco de la visita del profesor Olvera al Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile, en agosto de 2017