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Sustainability of black nera laying birds on pig dung meal based diets.
Get PDFThe study was undertaken on utilization of farm animal organic waste as feeds for livestock and poultry. Increasing feed costs and international concern for the conservation of resources have focused attention on the nutrients in animal wastes that have in the past been used largely as fertilizer or as a major source of fuel for villagers in a number of countries. Animal wastes represent a vast reservoir of cheap nutrients, particularly for ruminants. The limitation in using animal waste as feed is that it needs processing. Dehydration, ensiling, chemical and physical treatments can be used to maintain the nutrient composition and increase the palatability and feeding values of the waste. Animal waste can potentially be used not only to maintain animals in the dry time but also to encourage performance quite satisfactorily. Feeding cattle manure in poultry and pigs promotes meat and egg productivity respectively. Pig waste, when processed and properly balanced with other ingredients, may become a potential feed substitute for cattle at levels up to 30%. No differences in the quality of meat from animals fed waste have been detected, nor has there been a problem of consumer acceptance in animal products.Keywords: Black Nera Laying Birds, Pig Dung Meal, Diets, Feed Cost, Organic Waste
Propiedades dos solos e as relações com atributos do terreno, no Distrito federal
No full textAs propriedades dos solos são relacionadas com posições na paisagem. Isto implica em que as variáveis dos fatores de formação do solo, podem ser usadas para predizer atributos dos solos. A modelagem digital do relevo é uma das técnicas quantitativas melhor desenvolvidas para predizer atributos e classes de solos. As propriedades do solo estimadas podem ser usadas como dados de entrada em modelos de erosão hídrica e de transporte de sedimentos/nutrientes, risco de acidificação do solo e produtividade. Portanto, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as relações entre propriedades do solo (teor de argila, carbono orgânico e espessura dos horizontes superficial e subsuperficial) e atributos do terreno, derivados de um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) na Bacia do Rio Jardim, Distrito Federal. A partir do MDE carta, foram obtidos os atributos do terreno declividade, altitude, curvatura e índice topográfico de umidade (TWI) que juntamente com os dados das propriedades do solo de 24 perfis, foram submetidos à analise de regressão linear múltipla para a obtenção dos coeficientes utilizados para a geração de equações de predição dos atributos do solo. A declividade, a altitude e o TWI foram os atributos derivados do MDE que obtiveram uma maior associação com o teor de argila e carbono orgânico nos solos da Bacia do Rio Jardim. A influência da curvatura na predição do teor de argila e carbono orgânico foi pouco representativa, porém, na predição da espessura do horizonte superficial, a curvatura e a declividade obtiveram uma boa associação.Palavras-chave: modelo digital de elevação, regressão linear múltipla, mapeamento digital de solos
Mechanisms for ensuring food security and sustainable environment through youths’ participation in agricultural education
Get PDFAgricultural education play a central role in disseminating knowledge, skills and attitudes toward managing environmental resources which support food productivity. Its goals are basically achieved through formal education. Hitherto, youths have been involved in environmental stress mitigation efforts both at the school and community levels but are still short of adequate knowledge. Current trends of environmental stress and its associative impact on the food growing soils and space call for its integration into agricultural education programme. This paper identifies mechanisms for ensuring Food Security (FS) and Sustainable Environment (SE) through Youths’ Agricultural Education. First, the paper discussed the concepts of sustainability as it affects the environment and food security. It also discussed constraints of FS and SE. Mechanisms discussed includes: curriculum content review and update, adequate funding by government, training and retraining of manpower, and involvement of youth clubs and organizations. Furthermore, use of mass media; extension services; school farm; and organizing workshops, seminars; and integration of population studies in the curriculum were also considered. Finally, it was suggested among others that government should review school curriculum and renew her commitment through designing and implementing policies and programmes aimed at ensuring FS and SE.Keywords: Agricultural Education, Mechanisms, National Food Security, Sustainable Environment, Youths
Carcass, Organ Weights and Egg Quality Characteristics of Guinea Fowl Layers Fed Varying Levels of Butter Fly Pea Leaf (Centrosema Pubescent) Meal.
Get PDFThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different protein levels on growth of guinea fowl keets (Numidia meagris) of the same age under intensive system in a typical poultry house from 6th week to 12th week of age. They were fed commercial broiler starter for two weeks and maintained on same diet of 18% crude protein for 5 weeks of age and given water ad libitum. The birds were separated into three pens. One hundred and twenty old guinea fowls were assigned at grower period on 3 dietary protein levels of 14, 16 and 18% crude protein (CP) on same metabolizable energy level of 2800 kcal/ kg. The study conducted at the Poultry Unit of Teaching and Research Farm, Imo State Polytechnic was used to test the performance of the guinea fowl layer birds. The birds were killed at the owner’s farm by cutting the neck through the jugular vein. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in feed intake between the three treatments. The internal organs for the treatments were not significantly different. Keywords: Carcass, Organ Weights, Egg Quality Characteristics, Guinea Fowl Layers, Butter Fly Pea Leaf (Centrosema Pubescent) Meal
Assessment of Domestic and Wild Animals Pets owned by Residents of Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria.
No full textThis study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the Domestic and Wild Animals owned as pets by residents of Makurdi Metropolis. Questionnaire was structured into 2 sections namely, socio- demographic characteristics of residents and ownership of domestic and wild animals pets. Simple and systematic random sampling was used to select sample locations in which a total of 250 questionnaires were administered; Descriptive statistics, Students t-test and chi-square analysis were used to analyzed data. Result showed that 144 respondents male were interviewed while 106 respondents were female. Residents of Makurdi Metropolis owned both domestic and wild animal’s pets. The commonest domestic animal pet was the Dog. While the commonest wild animal pet was the Red Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas). It was therefore recommended that more Enlightenment campaigns on the danger of zoonotic diseases transmission and they preventive measures should be given to residents of Makurdi metropolis to forestall future public health hazards.Keywords: Makurdi metropolis, pet Owners, domestic and wild animals
Germination and Growth response of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Shum and Thonn) to Different Growth media.
Get PDFThis study investigated the effect of growth media on the germination and early growth of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Shum andThonn) This was assessed at the Forestry Nursery Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) viable seeds were immersed in 50% sulphuric acid at 15mins. The seeds after pretreated were sown on five different media namely: Top soil, Sawdust, Riversand, mixture of topsoil and riversand and mixture of riversand and sawdust. Completely Randomized Design was adopted for this experiment. Data were collected on percentage germination on daily basis for 4 weeks, growth parameters involving seedling height, number of leaves, girth and leaf length at 2 weeks interval for 8 weeks. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data collected. Mean separation was carried out for significantly different parameter by using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine the suitable growth media. The result showed that germination percentage was significant as 5% level of probability (p>0.05) and the highest germination percentage of 80% was recorded in Riversand+Sawdust. Growth parameters were also influenced by growth media. The highest number of leaves was observed in topsoil(10.05), seedling height (7.88cm) in Riversand +sawdust, girth(0.57cm) in topsoil and leaf length (4.71cm) in sawdust. In raising the seeds of Tetrapleura tetraptera , Riversand and sawdust should be used. To encourage domestication and conservation of Tetrapleura tetraptera, topsoil, mixture of riversand and sawdust should be adopted since we are interested in growth of tree species and this will ensure the production of vigorous seedlings for its plantation establishment.Keywords: Growth media, domestication, germination, Tetrapleura tetrapter
La investigación formativa y su incidencia en el desarrollo académico y empresarial de la geomática
Get PDFUno de los elementos importantes que se han incorporado en los programas de educación superior en Colombia, es el enfoque hacia la investigación formativa, la cual tiene como objetivo sembrar la semilla de investigadores en los estudiantes de educación superior. La Universidad Distrital a través de su programa de Ingeniería Catastral y Geodesia ha venido trabajando arduamente en la consolidación de la investigación dentro del programa. Es así como sus grupos de investigación han promovido la creación de los semilleros de investigación los cuales son los encargados de generar la conciencia de investigación en los estudiantes es decir lo que se llama en el ámbito académico la investigación formativa.Es así como en el ámbito de la geomática el grupo de investigación NIDE tiene adscrito tres semilleros los cuales desde el año 2007 trabajan para familiarizar a los estudiantes con los procesos de investigación generando proyectos que permitan afianzar los conceptos en los temas relacionados con las ciencias de la información geográfica.Durante estos 10 años gracias a los semilleros de investigación, se han generado proyectos y tesis de grado que permiten ver el avance de los estudiantes en el uso de las herramientas geotecnológicas, basados en un conjunto de elementos conceptuales y técnicos que permiten mejorar los procesos de enseñanza – aprendizaje en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Percepción Remota.De la misma forma los semilleros de investigación han dado el salto de la comunidad académica a la empresarial, ya que algunas empresas distribuidoras de software han incorporado en sus procesos de desarrollo, semilleros donde los estudiantes trabajan y aportan en la generación de aplicaciones y transferencia de conocimientos, lo que ha permitido mejorar los tiempos y la calidad de los servicios. El objetivo de este artículo, es entonces, mostrar la importancia de la creación de semilleros de investigación y el aporte investigativo de éstos no sólo en la parte académica sino también empresarial.Palabras clave: Investigación formativa, estudiantes pregrado, semilleros de investigación, educación superio
Haematology and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed varying levels of indomie waste meal based diet
Get PDFAn eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting maize with indomie waste meal on the haematology and serum biochemical indices of 90-dayold Anak 2000 broiler chickens. Three experimental broiler starter and finisher diets were formulated with diet 1 serving as control containing 0% Indomie waste meal (IWM), while diets 2 and 3 contained IWM at 50 and 100% inclusion levels for maize. The chicks were randomly assigned to the three treatment diets (1, 2 and 3) in a completely randomized design and each treatment group contained three replicates with ten chickens per replicate. The result on the haematological indices revealed that MCV values were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the treatment diets with highest value of (135.50±0.21fl) among birds fed 50% IWM. MCH also significantly varied(p<0.05) among birds fed the treatment diets with highest (42.77±0.31pg) recorded among birds maintained on the control diet. Serum biochemical indices revealed that phosphorus value were significantly higher (p<0.05) in birds fed the control diet with the mean value of 3.63±0.09mg/100ml. Total cholesterol was significantly higher (p<0.05) in birds fed 100% IWM. The overall results from this study conclusively suggest that the inclusion of indomie waste meal in the diet of broilers up to 100% did not have any detrimental effect on the blood profile of the birds. But precaution had to be taken in the incorporation of IWM at this level because of the increase effect on the cholesterol level of the blood.Mr. Omoikhoje, B. (Laboratory Technologist
Evaluation of heavy metals in some locally produced food seasonings in Katsina State Nigeria
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in seeds used as raw materials in producing local food seasonings (Locust bean, Soya beans and seed of Hibiscus subdariffa) and the produced local seasonings (Daddawar Kalwa, Daddawar waken Soya and Daddawar Botso) in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in some local seeds used in the preparation of local seasonings and their processed products used in food seasoning in the study area, compare the effect of processing on concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards. Samples of seeds used in local processing of food seasonings were collected in the year 2017 from the selected area. Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spetrophotometry) method. The difference between concentrations of heavy metals in unprocessed and processed seed samples was performed by the use of T-test statistical analysis. Results from this study has shown that concentration values of Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn in the samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. The results have indicated that the estimated daily intake of the heavy metals were lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA (2013) in both samples and the health risk index (HRI) for all the heavy metals were <1. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for the samples was in the decreasing order Cd>Pb>Mn>Fe>Ni>Zn>Cr, with the heavy metal Cd having a value of more than 1 which is a cause for concern. Key words: Soya beans, Heavy metals, Katsina, seasonings, locust beans
Effect of Combined Application of Cattle Manure, Mineral Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Soil Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Tuber Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Masha District, South-western Ethiopia
No full textSoil fertility depletion due to soil erosion and nutrient leaching caused by heavy and continuous rainfall is one of the major causes for declining of soil productivity and crop yields in Masha district of south-western Ethiopia. Soil Hence, a field experiment was conducted in Belg and Meher seasons at Abelo area, Masha district, south-western Ethiopia, to determine the effect of combined application of cattle manure (CM) with inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on potato tuber yield, and selected soil physico-chemical characteristics. The treatments comprised of combinations of three rates (2.5,5, 7.5 t ha-1) of CM with 25%, 50% and 75% of recommended rates of mineral NP, respectively. In addition, 100% recommended rate of mineral NP (165 kg N ha-1 and 137 kg P2O5 ha-1) and zero rates were used for comparison. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that applying 7.5 t ha-1 CM combined with 75% mineral NP gave significantly highest potato total tuber yield of (40 and 34 t ha-1), the same rate increased tuber yield by 55.9% and 43.45% in Belg and by 51.19%, and 36.64% in Meher over the control and the application of 100% recommended rate of NP fertilizers, respectivelysoil pH (5.15 and 4.94), Organic carbon (21.1and 12.7 g kg-1 ), total N (1.71 and 1.51 g kg-1), available P (7.55 and 6.27 mg kg-1), CEC (22.04 and 23.96 cmol (+) kg-1 ), exchangeable Ca+2 (8.36 and 8.28 cmol (+) kg-1), exchangeable Mg+2 (3.14 and 2.06 cmol (+) kg-1), total porosity (51.1 and 54.97%) more over the treatment decreases exchangble acidity (2.32 and 2.08 cmol+kg-1) and exchangble aluminum (1.46 and 1.41 cmol(+) kg-1), bulk density (1.07and 1.30g cm-3) in Belg and Meher seasons, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of combined application of 7.5 t of ha-1 CM together with 75% of recommended rates of inorganic N (123.75 kg N ha-1) and P (103.05 kg P2O5 ha-1). can significantly increase potato tuber yield and improve the soil properties and reduces soil acidity. Keywords: Cattle manure,physico-chemical properties, nitrogen, phosphorus, tuber yield