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Remote Sensing and GIS based approach in Morphometric analysis of Birma River Basin (Central India)
Get PDFBirma river basin lies between two states of India (Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh). The parameters of Morphometric analysis were measured as Stream Order, Drainage Density, Stream Frequency, Bifurcation Ratio, Elongation Ratio, etc. Digital Elevation Model is downloaded from the USGS website. The results show that the Basin ranges from dendritic to sub-dendritic and is heterogeneous in texture and structurally controlled. The stream order ranges from first order to sixth order and the drainage density and elongation ratio is 1.23 and 0.59 respectively which specified that the basin is elongated in shape. The bifurcation ratio varies from 2.67 to 9.0 indicating that the basin has undulating topography. The analysis is contributed to understand watershed management sites for the conservation of soil and water. Assessment of these parameters ultimately gives information for the arrangement of sustainable water resource development and its management for the local people residing nearby the river.
Keywords: Birma River Basin, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Geographical Information System (GIS), Morphometric analysis, Remote Sensin
Role of Bee colonies in Honey production of District Anantnag in Kashmir valley for Sustainable livelihood
No full textBeekeeping contributes to livelihood of the rural community by increasing the productivity of crops through the process of pollination and have important in achieving food security and conservation of natural resources and is the important component of sustainable agriculture and integrated rural development. Kashmir valley has a great potential for beekeeping development as it has ideal climatic conditions. The diversity of bee floral resources available throughout the year helps in exporting honey to different regions which promotes beekeeping in the region. The study aims to examine correlation between number of bee colonies and honey production since 2005-06 to 2017-18 in Anantnag district. The secondary sources of data have been brought into use to carry out this assessment and observed that there is perfect positive correlation between Bee colonies and honey production in Anantnag district of Kashmir valley which is not only important from view point of sustainable livelihood but also contributes to the GDP of J and K economy.
Keywords: Bee colonies, Honey production, Anantnag, Kashmir, Correlatio
Influence of Monsoon on quality of water in lakes of Chota Nagpur plateau, North Eastern India.: Role of monsoon on quality of lake water
No full textIndian agricultural, political and social structure is hugely impacted by the variability in monsoon. In recent times, unprecedented irregularities have been witnessed by Indian Metrological Department (IMD). Lakes and natural reservoirs in plateau are extremely dependent on monsoon, therefore, minimum alteration also translates in huge deviation in quality of water. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine alteration in quality of water during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. It was also assured that how population and urbanization impact monsoon runoff and change in physicochemical characteristics. Two lakes, namely Kanke lake and Ranchi lake were selected due to its urban and semi-urban localization, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics were examined according to APHA guidelines. Our results indicated significant alteration (p<0.05) in pH (7.32±0.17), DO (4.27±0.47 mg/l), and phosphate (0.19±0.01 mg/l) of Kanke lake post-monsoon. Whereas, minimum significant alteration was observed in Ranchi lake post-monsoon. Level of DO (10.39±0.44) significantly changed (p<0.05) in Ranchi lake following depletion in monsoon. However, level of hardness and BOD altered significantly (p<0.05) comparing to pre-monsoon during both monsoon and post-monsoon. Monsoon impacted physicochemical properties of both lakes, however, more alteration was evident in Kanke lake comparing to Ranchi lake. Eutrophication in both lakes were observed due to potential anthropogenic acidification. This study observed that semi-urban lakes are more vulnerable to encroachment and eutrophication comparing to urban lakes
Characteristics of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures Utilizing Copper Slag
Get PDFStudy work on the effectiveness and use of Industrial by-products (IBP) in flexible pavements is restricted. Several factors however need to be analyzed specifically before a greater proportion of industrial by-products can be used in bituminous concrete mixtures with a high level of confidence. Effects of copper slag on volumetric and strength parameters such as Marshall Parameters, static tensile properties, and moisture resistivity of bituminous concrete mixtures using copper slag as mineral fillers need to be examined and thoroughly analyzed. Quantitative analyses of the elements and the morphology of the copper slag have been studied by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The use of copper slag as a mineral filler in bituminous concrete grade-2 mixtures showed an increase in stability, indirect tensile strength, and moisture resistance compared to traditional mixtures.
Keywords— Industrial by-products (IBP), Indirect Tensile Strength, Moisture resistivity, SEM, ED
Comparative study of finite element analysis of steel silos with rectangular and I stiffeners
Get PDFSilos are used by a wide range of industries to store bulk solids in quantities ranging from a few tones to hundreds or thousands of tones. They can be constructed of steel or reinforced concrete. Steel bins range from heavily stiffened flat plate structures to efficient unstiffened shell structures. They can be closed or open. They are subjected to many different static and dynamic loading conditions, mainly due to the unique characteristics of stored materials. Wind and earthquake load often undermine the stability of the silos. A steel silo with and without stiffeners is adopted and static structural analysis and dynamic analysis is done. The analysis is done by idealizing geometry, material and boundary conditions.
Keywords: steel, reinforced concrete, silos
Studies on compressive strength of sandy clay soil samples with different percentages of lime and nylon fibres
Get PDFTo develop economically feasible and durable methods of ground improvement are some of the major challenges faced by geotechnical engineers. Many commonly available stabilisers like lime, fly ash, rice husk ash has been used in many studies. These stabilisers are known to improve the compressive strength of soil. But in order to improve the tensile properties of soil and increase the ductility characteristics, fibres can be included along with the commonly used stabilisers. In this paper values of compressive strength of sandy clay soil treated with different concentrations of lime and nylon fibre is studied and compared with the values of untreated native soil. The compressive strength of soil increases with increase in lime content up to 10%. The compressive strength of soil also increases with nylon fibre inclusion up to a concentration of 0.3%. With further increase in nylon fibre content, compressive strength decreases in the studied samples. In the present study the difference in the increase in compressive strength shown by composites with random and horizontal layers of nylon fibres as inclusions appears to be very small. The present study concludes that a combination of lime and nylon fibre can be a better stabilizer for ground improvement.
Keywords—unconfined compressive strength, lime, horizontal layer, nylon fibr
Modern trends in design of Higher educational institutions of Ukraine
Get PDFThe article deals with the problems of architectural and town-planning issues when creating and building buildings of higher educational institutions (hereinafter -HEIs) of Ukraine. The approaches to construction of the functional structure of the external and internal environments of the HEI of the architectural and planning, educational and laboratory blocks, three-dimensional spatial resources are analyzed.
Keywords: town-planning, architecture, environment, higher education institutions
A review on effect of soil stabilization using alkali activated geopolymer
Get PDFIn order to confront the issues related to clay for construction, some adequate ground improvement technique is important. To enhance the properties of clay, alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are used along with Class F fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and metakaolin as additives. Flyash greatly modifies the strength properties of soft soils and it contain silica and aluminium materials (pozzolans) also as a particular amount of lime, which chemically binds to soft soil and forms cement compounds. Metakaolin is a highly reactive pozzolana formed by the calcinations of kaolinite (China clay).In many civil engineering constructions, soft and weak soils are often stabilized with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and lime. The production processes of traditional stabilizers are energy intensive and emit an outsized quantity of CO2. Geopolymer offer a better alternative to OPC, with its high strength, low cost, low energy consumption and CO2 emissions during synthesis. Due to the major environmental impacts involved in the manufacturing of OPC, the use of industrial by-products has been encouraged. The reason for the increase in compressive strength due to GGBS can be caused by the high GGBS calcium content. These polymers are economic and, compared to many chemical alternatives, are more effective and significantly less damaging to the environment. The combined impact of fly ash, GGBS and metakaolin will boost the soil's engineering efficiency.The alkali activation of waste materials has become an important area of research in many laboratories because it is possible to use these materials to synthesize inexpensive and ecologically sound cement like construction materials.The activator solution is also very influential in the polymerization process and it's also one of the factors that determine the compressive strength.
Keywords—Alkali activation, Geopolymer, fly ash, GGBS, clay, stabilizatio
Basic parameters of crack resistance of conventional and damaged reinforced concrete beams strengthened by carbon plastic under the action of a high-level load.
Get PDFThe main results of experimental studies of the fracture resistance of conventional and damaged and brought to the limit state according to I group in the previous experiments of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with fiberglass carbon fiber (СFRP) in the lower stretched zone and at the supporting areas. According to the adopted methodology, a full-scale experiment was performed on a four-factor three-level Box-Bank B4 plan. The tests of the prototypes were carried out according to the scheme of a single-track free-beam, alternately loaded from above, then from below by two concentrated forces without changing its (beam) position. During testing of the test specimens-beams for the action of short- term one-time and small-cycle loads, the formation, development and width of crack opening on their surface were monitored. The width of the opening of normal cracks was determined at the level of the stretched working armature, and the inclined ones - in the middle of the height of the beam in places where it was visually greatest. Due to the adopted methodology, new experimental data were obtained to substantially refine the physical models of the inclined sections of the precast concrete structures by the action of low-cycle reloading of high levels, resulting in the first identified systemic effect on fracture toughness.
Keywords: concrete, reinforcement, carbon fiber fabric (CFRP), reinforced concrete beam, normal and inclined cracks, deformations
Analysis of cold formed steel sheet pile for earth retaining wall
Get PDFFailure loads of sheet pile having various profiles such as U, Z and Omega/Hat profiles under compression was carried out by using equations of strength of materials and compared the failure load under various modes such as Euler’s buckling, torsional buckling and failure load due to yielding. Compared the strength of various profiles under flexure by using finite element analysis. Sheet pile can be analyzed as a unit cell for the simplified finite element analysis. For selecting the unit cell sheet pile with omega/Hat section was analyzed for profile containing one to eight numbers and checked the convergence of bending stress and maximum lateral deflection. Interlocks were analyzed for three different conditions such as plane interlock, interlock filled with bitumen and welded interlock. Location of interlock and neutral axis of the wall will affect the stability of the structure. Sheet piles with various cross sections were analyzed and studied the shear stress and bending stress along the cross section. From the structural performance of various cross sections omega/hat section can be considered as the most efficient cross section for the cold formed steel sheet pile because of its more load carrying capacity under compression and high torsion resistance and less bending stress. Results from the finite element analysis for the selection of unit cell shows that the stress and deflection value was converge at the sheet pile having 6 numbers of profiles.
Keywords: sheet piles, building, resistance