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Structural applicability of plastic incorporated concrete
Get PDFModulus of elasticity of concrete indicates the resistance of the material to deflection. The elastic modulus depends on the components of the concrete. When new replacement materials are introduced into the concrete, it is important to evaluate the modulus of elasticity of that concrete as it is used in structural applications. Nowadays plastic waste is used in pavement construction. Incorporation of plastic bottle waste in concrete as a replacement for aggregates is gaining attention. The application of this concrete in structures need to be studied. Evaluation of elastic modulus of plastic aggregate concrete is a first step towards its structural applicability. As an initial step to this study, two grades of normal concrete are prepared and its elastic modulus is evaluated. The result shows similar relation of compressive strength and elastic modulus as per standard code value.
Keywords— Elastic modulus, concrete, plastic aggregate concrete, plastic bottle wast
A review on GPR drone integrated system
Get PDFGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a widely used technology in many kinds of geological survey. It’s a geological method that uses radar pulse to image the surface. It is a non- intrusive method of surveying the subsurface to investigate underground utilities such as concrete, asphalt, metals, pipes, cable etc. To add onto these properties of GPR, here a drone and several sensors, which will make GPR surveys more efficient and accurate. The GPR is mounted over a drone (DJIM600 Pro) which will give more precision in work and exploring difficult areas. A GPR mounted on a drone enables to see the underground surface of ground without compromising safety and providing more efficient surveying. Also, it can be used for surveying in unreachable areas and make our job easier. In order to increase the application level of GPR drone integrated system several sensors such as pressure, thermal, humidity, snowfall, rain, gas, infrared sensors are also mounted. In short, GPR drone integrated system with sensors is the easiest and safe solution for geological surveys, archaeological surveys, weather forecasting etc.
Keywords: GPR; geology, drone
Assessing the impact of indigenous organic agricultural practices on soil fertility status in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
No full textThe decline of soil fertility status among smallholders is an increasing concern in developing countries like Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the soil fertility practices applied by smallholders and current status soil fertility across the agroecological zone of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The survey involved 208 randomly sampled smallholder farmers. Soil samples collected from the 108 households and soil fertility indicators such as pH, Total Nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K), Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Soil Organic Matter (SOM) were analyzed using standard procedures. The result of the study revealed that almost all farmers were dependent on indigenous soil fertility management irrespective of wealth status and agroecological zone. Most of these indigenous practices are organic in nature and highly dependent on local resources. The Soil analysis result revealed that the soil was found to be acidic, clay loam in texture with high SOC, CEC and medium in total N and available P and low in exchangeable K content. The majority of the surface soil (0-30cm) physicochemical properties were significantly affected by agroecological zones but not by wealth status of farmers' households. Based on the result the practices are not sufficiently supplied nutrients to the soil. Hence, to improve the fertility of the soil it is recommended that the application of sufficient organic matter is needed to address soil N, P and K limitations and further studies are needed to integrating indigenous practices with appropriate technologies to maintain soil fertility status
Working posture analysis of construction workers using ergonomics.
Get PDFErgonomics integrates knowledge from the human sciences to match jobs, systems, products, and environments to the physical and mental abilities and limitations of people. Most of the injuries, stresses and strains in construction industry occur due to over-exertion and repetitive work actions. Postural analysis can be a powerful technique for assessing work activities. Use of ergonomic principles reduces fatigue experienced by the human body in various tasks. Ergonomics deals with the study of internal and external stresses acting on the human body. The aim of this study is to assess the level of ergonomics in various tasks in the construction industry .The study also aims to find the level of musculoskeletal disorders in workers and suggest corrective measures for every task having high risk factor. The study is conducted by using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool of Ergofellow software, to assess the posture of workers in various construction tasks. Fatigue analysis is done by this method, which provides a scoring system for muscle activity caused by static, dynamic, rapid changing or unstable postures.
Keywords: Ergonomics, REBA, Musculoskeletal Disorders
Demolished building waste management: a review
Get PDFConstruction and demolition waste are the major issue as a direct consequence of increased global urbanization. It impacts the environmental efficiency of the construction industry, contributing to 35% of the global landfill. This research considers the two main fundamental factors affecting the demolished building waste management, which are the management hierarchy including the 3R strategies and the project life cycle and management tools. The inappropriate treatment and disposal of Construction and demolition waste give rise to the environmental pollution, land price, and natural resource consumption. This paper scrutinizes the concept of Construction and demolition waste management and review the extant studies in the managerial areas of Construction and demolition waste. These findings are aimed at clarifying the current and future practices of Construction and demolition waste management practices with an understanding for the sustainable governance.
Keywords: Construction and demolition waste, management, review
Water Bodies mapping and monitoring using high-resolution satellite images
Get PDFRecent developments in satellite optical remote sensors have led to a new age in surface water monitoring. Several methodologies have been developed to identify water bodies using the various spatial, spectral, and temporal properties. Surface water observation is a functional necessity for ecological and hydrological processes. Recently anticipated satellites with enhanced spectral and spatial resolution sensors might lead to broader remote sensing techniques for evaluating and monitoring water bodies. Remote sensing data integration, GPS, and GIS technology are powerful tools to monitor and analyze water bodies. Remotely sensed data could be utilized to construct a geographically positioned permanent database to give a baseline for future comparisons. For many environmental applications, surface water body mapping and monitoring are crucial. This research examines surface water detection, extraction, and monitoring with optical remote sensing, particularly progress within the recent decade. Satellite image delineation of the water body remains challenging due to sensor resolutions, cloud presence, low-albedo surfaces, topography, and atmospheric circumstances in metropolitan locations. This study shows the utility of high spatial resolutions satellite images are suitable for mapping and monitoring surface water bodies, even minor water systems. The suggested technique distinguished water from other land cover features with precision and time. The integrated use of remotely sensed data, GPS, and GIS will allow consultants and natural resource managers to construct management plans for several applications for the management of natural resources.
 
La necroeconomía de la generación de electricidad para la minería. El impacto comunitario del uso del petcoke en Tocopilla (Chile, 2000-2015)
Get PDFFrom a historiographic methodology and an anthropoloical hermeneutic, this article describes and analyzes a process derived from large-scale copper mining and the generation of electrical energy. necessary to develop it, in the first five years of the 21st century. This production regime, within the framework of commercial competitiveness, led to a necroeconomy through the introduction of petcoke ,as fuel in thermoelectric plants, This fuel structured a strong socio environmental precariousness and forged the production of a territorial and community subsidiarity. In other words, the Tocopilla population had to breathe, endure, and suffer the environmental and bodily effects of productive decisions, which were protected by subsumed state agents and by weakness in environmental regulation. To speak of necroeconomics is to make one of the adverse functions of capitalism and its subordinate agents in politics visible, which produces a superfluous population, no longer necessary to “exploit” but rather manage — one way of getting these population surpluses is exposing them to all kinds of dangers and risks. In this way, vulnerability and death are hierarchized and disposability is built in some social groups through slow violence or dense outbreaks on "subsets" of humanity classified at a lower level. Thus, the subjects of rights, become subjects of waste, and also subjects of death; in other words, people who, due to foreign and suddenly invisible economic factors, ceased to be part of the social world and were excluded from the norms that ensure vital protection.Desde una metodología historiográfica y una hermenéutica antropológica, en ese artículo se describe y analiza un proceso derivado de la gran minería del cobre y de la generación de energía eléctrica necesaria para desarrollarla en el primer lustro el siglo XXI. Dichos regímenes productivos, en el marco de la competitividad comercial, derivaron en una necroeconomía a través de la introducción del petcoke como combustible en las termoeléctricas. El petcoke estructuró una fuerte precarización socioambiental y forjó la producción de una subsidiariedad territorial y comunitaria; es decir, la población de Tocopilla tuvo que respirar, soportar y sufrir los efectos ambientales y corporales de las decisiones productivas, las cuales estaban amparadas por agentes del Estado subsumidos y la por debilidad en la regulación medioambiental. Hablar de necroeconomía es visibilizar una de las funciones adversas del capitalismo y sus agentes subalternos en la política, el cual produce una población superflua, la cual ya no es necesario “explotar” sino que gestionar: una manera de disponer de estos excedentes de población es exponerlos a todo tipo de peligros y riesgos. De esa manera, se jerarquiza la vulnerabilidad y la muerte y se construye la desechabilidad en algunos grupos sociales a través de violencia lenta o de estallidos densos sobre “subconjuntos” de humanidad clasificados en un nivel inferior. Así, los sujetos de derechos, devienen en sujetos de desechos, y también en sujetos de muerte. Es decir, personas que por factores economicistas ajenos, y de pronto invisibles, dejaron de ser parte del mundo social y fueron excluidos de las normas que velan por la protección vital
“Borrarán los muros pero no la historia”: Relecturas e Intervenciones a los MHN de Santiago de Chile, estudio de caso en el marco del estallido social (Octubre-Diciembre 2019)
Get PDFThis article presents an analysis of the interventions carried out on ten national historical monuments (MHN), part of the historical heritage of Santiago, Chile, in the context of October 2019 social outburst . To do this, from October to December 2019, a weekly photographic record was kept, to characterize the interventions in their material and spatial-contextual dimension. Our research starts from the premise that the MHN are part of an official discourse and represent values that consecrate them as heritage; therefore, the interventions account as a specific use and appropriation of this heritage, allowing us to identify deeper discourses and meanings, with new agents, memories and stories. The interventions of the MHN and their Typical Zones are questioning the official, regulatory and hegemonic narratives, thus positioning the Monuments as disputed spaces, configuring a new way of understanding the present of the MHN and with it, the future of the relationship established between them and those who live in Santiago. En este artículo se analizan las intervenciones realizadas en diez Monumentos Históricos Nacionales (MHN) del casco fundacional de la ciudad de Santiago en el contexto del estallido social de octubre 2019. Para ello se hizo un registro fotográfico semana a semana hasta fin de año, con el objetivo de caracterizar las intervenciones en su dimensión material y espacial-contextual. Nuestra investigación parte de la premisa que los MHN son parte de un discurso oficial y representan valores que los consagran como patrimonio. Por lo tanto, las intervenciones dan cuenta de un uso y apropiación específica de este patrimonio y nos permite identificar significados y discursos subalternos, con nuevos agentes, memorias yrelatos. Las intervenciones de los MHN y sus Zonas Típicas están poniendo en entredicho las narrativas oficiales, normativas y hegemonizantes, posicionando a los Monumentos como espacios en disputa, donde se configura una nueva forma de entender el presente de los MHN y con ello, el futuro de la relación que establecen con quienes habitan Santiago
Reseña: "Fütra Waria o Capital del Reyno. Imágenes, escrituras e historias mapuche en la gran ciudad 1927-1992"
Get PDFArqueología y Patrimonio. Hacia la gestión del conocimiento arqueológico en el Lago Nahuel Huapi: avances y perspectivas en investigación y conservación
No full textThis article presents the results of an extensive inter-institutionalwork for the conformation of the cultural resource data base of the NahuelHuapi Lake area and areas of influence (Nahuel Huapí National Park and RíoNegro Province, Argentina). In order to contribute to the management of archaeological knowledge, a large amount of information (distributed in variousformats and processing stages) was systematized and standardized. As a result, the georeferenced information of 209 archaeological sites was compiledto date, with their respective management information. The initial analyzesshow some relevant trends in terms of the unequal production of informationbetween the jurisdictions considered, making the protection and managementof heritage difficult. The regional lack of chronological information was alsoobserved for a large part of the sites considered. In order to propose lines ofresearch and conservation, some initial trends regarding human use of spacewere analyzed, highlighting the role of aquatic sectors as central places of human occupation and transit. Finally, this work is part of the initiative for thejoint articulation of management and research spaces. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un extenso trabajo interinstitucional para la conformación de la base de recursos cultural del área del Lago Nahuel Huapi y zonas de influencia (Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi y Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina). Con el fin de aportar a la gestión del conocimiento arqueológico, se sistematizó y estandarizó una enorme cantidad de información producida, distribuida en diversos formatos y estados de procesamiento. Como resultado se recopiló la información georreferenciada de 209 sitios arqueológicos, con su respectiva información de manejo. Los análisis iniciales muestran algunas tendencias relevantes en cuanto a la producción desigual de la información entre las jurisdicciones consideradas, dificultando las tareas de protección y gestión del patrimonio. También se observó, la carencia a nivel regional de información cronológica para gran parte de los sitios considerados. En función de proponer líneas de investigación y conservación, se analizaron algunas tendencias iniciales respecto del uso humano del espacio, destacándose el rol de los sectores acuáticos como lugares centrales de ocupación y tránsito humano. Finalmente, se destaca la necesidad de avanzar en la articulación conjunta de los espacios de gestión e investigación.