Portal de Revistas Académicas UC Temuco
Not a member yet
1040 research outputs found
Sort by
El desarrollo local endógeno en tiempos de globalización: aproximaciones teóricas y desafíos prácticos
Get PDFThis article proposes a reflection on the re-conceptualization of the local in a context of globalization, and analyzes, in theoretical terms, what the effective possibilities of maintaining, reinforcing or triggering dynamics of local endogenous development are. The latter understood, in broad terms as a process with high prominence of local populations and societies and, at the same time, as an alternative approach. The work is based on the review of literature on local development and globalization, and aims to be a contribution to the discussion on these topics. The review confirms the existence of approaches that conceptualize the local, highlighting phenomena such as decentration, supra local networks, the strengthening of the competitive capacities of the territories, the community sense and identities. We suggest that this should be understood as a "complex of premises" that can be interrelated; that a territory is socially produced; and that, in order to acquire some character of alternativeness in a globalized context, endogenous local development processes must have strengthened local agents acting from different scales of reality. At the same time, we emphasize the role of external agents: actions on and from larger scales can be key elements if they are in accordance with orientations coming from the local. El artículo propone una reflexión sobre la re-conceptualización de lo local en un contexto de globalización, y analiza en términos teóricos cuáles son las posibilidades efectivas de que se mantengan, refuercen o desencadenan dinámicas de desarrollo local endógeno, entendido como proceso con alto protagonismo de las sociedades locales y, también, como enfoque alternativo. El trabajo se basa en la revisión de la literatura sobre desarrollo local y globalización, y pretende ser un aporte a la discusión sobre estos tópicos. El texto constata la existencia de enfoques que conceptualizan lo local destacando fenómenos como el descentramiento, las redes supralocales, el reforzamiento de las capacidades competitivas de los territorios, el sentido comunitario y las identidades. Planteamos que éste debe entenderse como un “complejo de locales” que pueden tener relaciones entre sí, que el territorio se produce socialmente, y que para adquirir algún carácter de alternatividad en un contexto globalizado, los procesos de desarrollo local endógeno tienen que contar con agentes locales fortalecidos y que actúan desde diversas escalas de la realidad. Destacamos además el rol de los agentes externos: las acciones en y desde escalas mayores pueden ser elementos clave si están en concordancia con orientaciones provenientes de lo local.
Reseña libro: Antropología Contemporánea: intersecciones, encuentros y reflexiones desde el Sur Sur. Gonzalo Díaz Crovetto (editor). 2020. Ediciones de la Universidad Católica de Temuco
Get PDF
Nanotechnology, a Revolutionary Technique in the Food Industry: Systematic Review
Get PDFNanotechnology has a great role in food industry in terms of processing, packaging, preservation and storage. Nanotechnology provides a wide variety of possibilities in food industry applications. Nanotechnology is now leading in the main field of food industry with the development of other technologies. Usage of nanoencapsulation technique to use the bioactive compound for successful delivery. In addition, nanoencapsulation enables the control of flavour release during processing and storage at the desired time and the prevention of flavour degradation. The use of nano biosensors in packaging technique that definitely detects harmful components in food, pathogen identification, changes in food characteristics and food quality. Nonetheless, there is no question that nanotechnology is making a significant contribution to the newly developed advanced technique but safety is also a major concern, when it comes to the use of this technique in food industry, growth and protection should be pushed in parallel to the overall progress of the food industry and consumers
Bifurcaciones biográficas en los escenarios laborales del Chile contemporáneo: una comparación entre trabajadores del retail y emprendedores sociales
Get PDFThis article explores and compares the labor bifurcations of salaried and independent workers in contrasting labor scenarios that are representative of prototypical forms of employment currently widespread in Chile. On the one hand, that of a traditional department store which in the last decades has undergone a restructuring process that transformed itself into one of the most important Chilean retail companies. On the other hand, that of social innovation ventures, a form of business that brings together the entrepreneurial spirit with a declared interest in social problems. Through the theoretical tools of life-course sociology and biographical bifurcations, we analyze indepth 31 interviews to study the experience of workers entering a job category that differs from their educational trajectories and/or previous work. The results show that the experience of bifurcation varies according to the setting. While in retail there is an orientation towards adaptive preference, a valuing of stable employment, and dissatisfaction with the work they have to do, the entrepreneurship model shows attempts to shape one's own professional experience, which articulates with a precarious attachment to employment and an attempt to fulfill one's expectations at work. In the conclusions, we interpret the bifurcations of each scenario in the light of the transformations currently happening in Chile, seeking to establish their differences and similarities.El presente artículo analiza y compara las bifurcaciones de trabajadores asalariados e independientes vinculados a escenarios laborales con amplios contrastes entre ellos, considerados como formas de empleo prototípicas del Chile contemporáneo. Por un lado, el de una tradicional tienda por departamento del país, que en las últimas décadas experimentó un proceso de reestructuración que la transformó en una de las empresas más importantes del retail chileno. Por otro lado, el de los emprendimientos de innovación social, una forma de autoempresa que añade al espíritu emprendedor la preocupación por problemáticas sociales. A través de las herramientas teóricas de la sociología del curso de vida y de las bifurcaciones biográficas, se analizaron 32 entrevistas en profundidad con el fin de comprender la experiencia de los trabajadores al momento de entrar en una categoría laboral improbable o inesperada en relación a la situación laboral anterior. Los resultados muestran que las experiencias de bifurcación en cada escenario varían significativamente en función del vínculo al trabajo y el vínculo al empleo. Mientras que en el retail, el ingreso está marcado por una decisión adaptada a la escasez de alternativas disponibles que con el tiempo da lugar a una valorización del empleo que contrasta con una insatisfacción con el trabajo, en el emprendimiento se evidencia un esfuerzo por reorientar la propia experiencia profesional en busca de una mayor realización en el trabajo, sacrificando la estabilidad del empleo. En las conclusiones, se interpretan las diferencias y similitudes de las bifurcaciones biográficas a la luz de las transformaciones del Chile actual.
Migración y trabajo, una revisión del contexto chileno actual
Get PDFMigratory flows are part of Chilean history, and have experienced changes throughout the years. Nowadays, there are multiple violations to migrants’ rights, which hinder their access to employment. This goes against migration’s main purpose, which is to improve one’s living conditions. This review explores the main reasons that lead migrants to leave their nations of origin; ethnicity, cultural diversity and acculturation processes; migrants’ rights violations, highlighting legal rights violations; and employment as a social phenomenon, in which training courses and workshops become extremely relevant for migrant population. It is concluded that through multiple interventions, migrants’ rights violations might be diminished, improving their living conditions and facilitating their access to employment.Los flujos migratorios son parte de la historia de Chile, y han tenido cambios a través del tiempo. Actualmente, existen múltiples vulneraciones a los derechos de las personas migrantes, que conllevan a que tengan dificultades para acceder a la esfera laboral. Esto dificulta cumplir el objetivo principal de la migración, correspondiente a mejorar las condiciones de vida. Se exploran en esta revisión bibliográfica los principales motivos para abandonar las naciones de origen; la etnicidad, diversidad cultural y procesos de aculturación; la vulneración de derechos de personas migrantes, destacándose las vulneraciones legales; y el trabajo como fenómeno social, donde se incluye la relevancia de los cursos y talleres de formación laboral para la población migrante. Se concluye que a través de múltiples intervenciones pueden disminuirse las vulneraciones de derechos a las personas migrantes y mejorar sus condiciones de vida, facilitando su acceso a la esfera laboral
Las paradojas del trabajo actoral en teatro independiente. Un estudio comparativo de las representaciones sociales sobre teatro independiente de actores y actrices de La Plata entre los orígenes y la actualidad
Get PDFThe objective of the article is to investigate the ruptures and continuities of the definition of independent theater in its origins (first decades of the last century) in Buenos Aires and particularly in the city of La Plata, in respect of the most recent representations formulated by the group of actors and independent theater actresses in the city. In this article, social representations are understood as ways to signify the interpretations that subjects make of their environment and from which they manage to communicate (Castorina et al., 2010). This concept is explained in connection with the social structure and the built-in habitus of the countryside (Bourdieu, 2007) and they are characterized by being indeterminate and open systems (Longo, 2004). In relation to the world of work, social representations are “the object of both collective struggles between social groups and individual struggles between attributions and appropriations of classifications by the subject” (Longo, 2004, p. 5). To undertake this study, it has been carried out a documentary analysis of different authors who have addressed the origins of independent theater in Buenos Aires and La Plata. In addition, twenty in-depth interviews with actors and actresses residing in the city of La Plata, participant observations in talks, assemblies and meetings that bring together different actors and actresses from independent theater and the process of rehearsals and performances of two independent theater casts in La Plata were conducted , as well as a total of eighty-nine surveys in a virtual way aimed at actors and actresses from the same city. For the analysis, data constructed from a qualitative perspective using techniques and instruments typical of qualitative and quantitative methodology have been included. For data processing, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Atlas/ ti software have been used. El objetivo del artículo es indagar las rupturas y continuidades de ladefinición de teatro independiente en sus orígenes (primeras décadas del siglo pasado) en Buenos Aires y particularmente en la ciudad de La Plata, respecto a las representaciones más recientes que formula el colectivo de actores y actrices de teatro independiente en la ciudad. En este artículo, comprendemos a las representaciones sociales como modos de significar las interpretaciones que los sujetos hacen de su entorno y a partir de las cuales logran comunicarse (Castorina et al., 2010). Este concepto se explica en vinculación con la estructura social y los habitus del campo incorporados (Bourdieu, 2007) y se caracterizan por ser sistemas indeterminados y abiertos (Longo, 2004). En relación con el mundo del trabajo, las representaciones sociales son “objeto de luchas tanto colectivas entre grupos sociales, como individuales entre atribuciones y apropiaciones de clasificaciones por parte del sujeto” (Longo, 2004, p. 5).Para ello, hemos llevado a cabo un análisis documental de distintos/as autores/as que han abordado los orígenes del teatro independiente en Buenos Aires como en La Plata. Además, realizamos veinte entrevistas en profundidad a actores y actrices residentes en la ciudad de La Plata, observaciones participantes en charlas, asambleas y reuniones que agrupan a distintos actores y actrices de teatro independiente y el proceso de ensayos y funciones de dos elencos del circuito independiente en La Plata. También, realizamos un total de ochenta y nueve encuestas de manera virtual dirigida a actores y actrices de la misma ciudad. Para su análisis, hemos puesto en diálogo los datos construidos desde una perspectiva cualitativa a partir de técnicas e instrumentos propios de la metodología cualitativa como cuantitativa. Para el procesamiento de datos, sehan utilizado los softwares Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) y Atlas/ti
Las juventudes trabajadoras en el comercio minorista tradicional: gestión, control y resistencias
Get PDFFlexible working conditions together with new emerging forms of control and management of work process have contributed to the creation of new forms of employment, being service , particularly, retail trade one of the most diversified in recent years. In San Juan, Argentina, a high percentage of young workers are employed in retail trade. Besides the difficulties to entering and keeping in the labour market, this population group have to deal with precarious jobs. The strategies and actions adopted by the workers to change these situations seem to be insufficient, especially when attributing a position of passivity, inactivity and submission to youth. Based on a case study, this article analyses the dynamics of work in the traditional retail trade, characterizing its ways of management and work control, the expressions of labour conflict and the resistance undertaken by young workers from Gran San Juan (Argentina), on the assumption that they are constantly struggling to improve their working conditions and that new forms of resistance are taking shape in their expressions. Among the findings, it is highlighted that working youths deploy various strategies and actions of resistance, reconfiguring the expression of conflict at work, although they are unable to improve their employment conditions. La flexibilización de las condiciones de trabajo y contratación junto con la aparición de nuevas formas de control y gestión del proceso de trabajo han contribuido a la aparición de nuevas formas de empleo, siendo el sector de servicios y en particular el comercio minorista uno de los que más diversificaciones han presentado en los últimos años. En San Juan, Argentina gran parte de la juventud trabajadora consigue empleos en el comercio, donde además de constituirse como el grupo poblacional que más dificultades tiene para ingresar y permanecer en el mercado de laboral se vinculan a la actividad en condiciones precarias de trabajo. Las estrategias y acciones por parte de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras para revertir esas situaciones parecen ser insuficientes, atribuyendo especialmente a las juventudes una posición de pasividad, inactividad y sumisión. A partir de un estudio de caso, este artículo se propone analizar la dinámica del trabajo en el comercio minorista tradicional, caracterizando las formas de gestión y control del trabajo, las expresiones de conflicto laboral y las resistencias emprendidas por jóvenes trabajadores y trabajadoras del Gran San Juan (Argentina) sobre el supuesto de que sostienen una lucha permanente para mejorar sus condiciones de trabajo y que en sus expresiones se configuran nuevas formas de resistencia. Entre los hallazgos se destaca que las juventudes trabajadoras despliegan diversas estrategias y acciones de resistencia reconfigurando la expresión del conflicto en el trabajo aunque no logran mejorar sus condiciones de empleo
Spatial distribution of outbreak of locust swarms: a geographical analysis of vulnerability and preventions in India
Get PDFCurrent outbreak of locust swarms in the different parts of the world has also emerged as a big problem for the Indian agricultural sector and associated livelihood options. Being known for its transient nature, the locust swarms containing millions of locusts. These swarms are, therefore, one of the most dangerous pests in the world that may have a disastrous impact on food, food crops, fodder and food security around the world. The outbreak has been historically noticed in several regions of the world which effected the agriculture system of the many countries and major cause for the slowdown in the economy. This paper examines the origin and migration trends of locust swarms in the world in general and India in particular. Also paper evaluates the recent outbreak of locusts in India along with assessing its devastating impact on Indian Agricultural Sector and the track routes of the swarms in India in different months. In the end, the paper highlights preventive measures that have been used in monitoring and preventions of locust swarms. The outbreaks of locust in India is not new, but have been encountered in the past too. The intensity and number of hives and migratory frequency is increasing with time. The Area, magnitude and impacts of the locust swarms is also growing with time and space. Since the outbreak results in social, economic and environmental consequences, therefore, adequate measures and planning are required to tackle the crisis.Keywords: Locusts, Swarms, Vulnerability, Prevention Measures, Spatial distributio
Role performance of extension agents in post harvest activities of rice in southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFABSTRACT
The paper assessed role performance of Extension agents (EAs) in Post-Harvest Activities (PHAs) of rice in Southwestern Nigeria. It specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; identified the roles performed by respondents in PHAs of rice; determined the level of roles performance in PHAs of rice and identified constraints associated with their role performance in rice PHAs. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select all (124) EAs across the selected States in the study areas. Primary data were collected through questionnaire. Frequency counts, percentages and means were used summarised the data collected while Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Chi-square analyses were employed to draw inferences on the hypothesis. The result showed that majority (84.7 % and 96%) of the respondents were males and married respectively, with a mean age of 49.1± 7.3years. Formation of rice farmers’ into cooperative groups (mean = 4.49) and provision of information on best time to harvest rice (mean = 4.48) were the foremost roles performed by respondents, while inadequate staffing (mean=2.64) and poor funding of extension (mean = 2.46) were the majority constraints to the extension agents’ role performance. Sex (χ2 = 11.115) and secondary occupation (χ2 = 24.83) had significant association with role performance while significant relationship existed between years of working experience (r = 0.661), years of residence (r = 0.503 and role performance of extension agents. The study concluded that majority of EAs had average level performance in PHAs of rice